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ARRANGED   AS  AN   OUTLINE  OF 
REGIONAL  AND   SYSTEMATIC   ANATOMY 


BY 
VICTOR  E.  EMMEL 


Additional  copies  of  this  work  may  be  obtained  at 
$1.50  eachnby  addressing  University  of  California  Press,  Berkeley, 

* 

California. 


BI01C 
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COPYRIGHT  APPLIED  FOR.  191 9 

By 
VICTOR  E.  EUEffiL. 


The 

B    £    A 

ARRANGED  AS  AN  OUTLINE   OF  REGIONAL 
AND  SYSTEMATIC  ANATOMY 


by 

VICTORS.  EMMBL,  M.S.,  PH.D. 
Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 


PREFACE. 


The  Basle  Anatomical  Nomenclature  (the  B  N  A)  has  been  preeminently 
successful  in  the  simplification  of  anatomical  terminology.  Out  of  a  total 
of  50,000  anatomical  terms  about  45,000  have  been  eliminated  as  unoesesary 
synonyms.  As  a  consequence,  anatomical  terminology  as  represented  by  the 
B  N  A  now  consists  of  a  list  cf  some  5, OSS  simple,  unambiguous  terms  for  the 
rtaneroscopic  structures  of  the  hunan  body. 

This  list  of  terms,  intended  for  common  use  in  the  medical  schools,  is 
arranged  on  the  basis  of  systematic  anatomy.  Doubtless,  such  an  arrangement 
was  best  adapted  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  about  this  revision  of  terminology. 
On  the  other  hand,  it  appears  obvious  that  froQ  the  standpoint  of  practical 
anatomy,  a  regional  arrangement  of  these  terms  in  conjunction  with  their 
systematic  tabulation  would  greatly  extend  the  usefulness  of  the  B  N  A.  In 
dissecting  laboratories  and  surgical  clinics,  the  structures  represented  by 
the  SNA  terms  are  encountered  in  the  various  regions  of  the  body,  not  as 
anatomical  systems,  but  as  segments  of  these  systems  grouped  together  in 
certain  definite  regional  relationships.  In  attempting  to  correlate  systematic 
text  and  cadaver,  the  one  proves  almost  as  difficult  to  dissect  as  the  other. 

It  appears  important,  therefore,  that  the  present  systematic  B  N  A  should 
be  expanded  to  include  a  correlated  regional  arrangement  of  anatomical  terms;  - 
an  arrangement  based  upon  the  sequence  in  which  the  structures  indicated  by 
these  terms  may  be  exposed  and  demonstrated  to  the  naked  eye  in  actual  dissec- 
tion. The  present  work  represents  such  an  attempt  and  is  the  outgrowth  of 
several  years  of  laboratory  experience  in  which  a  regional  arrangement  of 
B  N  A  terms  in  miiaeograph  copies  has  been  given  a  thorough  trial  and  its  useful- 
ness clearly  demonstrated. 

The  present  work  is  presented  in  two  parts  dealing  with  the  B  N  A  terras 

45202S 


II. 

as  arranged,  first,  on  the  basis  of  regional  anatomy,  and,  second,  on  the  basis 
of  systematic  anatomy,  with  numeral  indices  facilitating  cross  references  from 
the  one  to  the  other.  The  regional  arrangement  is  given  precedence  since  it 
is  in  their  regional  relations  that  anatomical  structures  are  first  encountered 
in  practical  study.  The  work  also  includes  a  complete  series  of  figures  for 
the  surface  anatomy,  surface  projection  of  the  skeleton  and  lines  of  skin 
incision  for  the  various  regions  of  the  body  (omitted  in  the  present  copy). 

Part  I  constitutes  a  regional  resume"  of  anatomical  structures,  A  tabula- 
tion for  any  given  region  necessarily  involves  only  those  structures  or  segments 
of  structures  which  are  embraced  within  the  confines  of  that  region.  Structures 
such  as  the  larger  nerves  or  vessels  extending  through  two  or  more  regions 
would  be  relisted  for  each  region  in  which  they  occur.  In  general  the  terms 
have  been  arranged  with  a  view  tc  greatest  utility  for  student  and  clinical 

9  - 

reference  in  practical  work.  In  presenting  the  subject  of  human  anatomy  it  is 
frequently  difficult  to  steer  a  course  between  the  Scylla  of  too  great  detail 
and  the  Charybdis  of  a  paucity  of  subject  matter,  but  in  any  event  the  present 
tabulation  may  serve  as  a  basis  from  which  deviation  may  be  made  in  either 
direction  as  the  requirements  of  the  special  case  nay  dictate.  In  a  few 
instances,  in  the  interest  of  the  student  but  subject  to  possible  criticism  on 
pedagogical  grounds,  the  terms  for  structures  such  as  some  of  the  smaller  rani 
of  blood  vessels  or  nerve  plexuses  which  nay  be  relatively  of  secondary 
importance  or  especially  difficult  to  demonstrate,  are  printed  in  smaller  type 
(indicated  by  affixed  double  asterisks  in  the  present  mimeograph  copy) .  With 
the  exception  of  such  osteological  elements  as  are  encountered  in  surface 
anatomy,  terns  relative  to  skeletal  structures  have  been  largely  omitted  in 
Part  I.  In  this  connection,  the  figures  showing  the  surface  projection  of  the 
skeleton  should  prove  of  value  for  purposes  of  general  reference  and  orienta- 
tion (omitted  in  the  "present  copv). 


'     ' 


'•     ''•"• 


III. 

Concise  statements  are  given  for  the  more  important  incisions  and  dissec- 
tions involved  in  the  demonstration  of  the  structureo  as  listed  for  each  region 
The  order  in  which  these  regions  and  their  component  structures  are  dealt  with 
is  based  primarily  upon  the  sequence  of  dissection  developed  in  Cunningham's 
Manual  of  Practical  Anatomy,  which  nay  be  regarded  as  representing  a  method  of 
procedure  prevalent  in  the  majority  of  American  and  English  anatomical 
laboratories.  From  the  standpoint  of  systematic  anatomy,  it  may  not  be  a 
matter  of  euch  great  importance  as  to  what  sequence  nay  be  followed  in  dissec- 
tion  so  long  as  the  structures  in  question  are  really  exposed  and  observed. 
From  the  standpoint  of  regional  anatomy,  however,  the  subject  presents  quite  a 
different  aspect.  In  the  latter  case,  the  structures  should  be  exposed  in  a 
sequence  most  favorable  for  the  observation  of  those  structural  relationships 
which  are  of  greatest  practical  significance.  Toward  this  end,  therefore, 'the 
methods  of  dissection  in  general  should  represent  the  culmination  of  the  best 
available  anatomical  and  surgical  experience  and  this  finds  perhaps  its  best 
expression  at  the  present  time  in  the  work  of  the  British  and  more  especially 
of  the  Edinburgh  school  of  anatomists.  Barkers'  Laboratory  Manual  of  Human 
Anatomy,  1904,  which  in  method  is  in  close  agreement  with  that  of  the  Edinburgh 
School,  has  also  been  a  source  of  valuable  suggestions,  especially  in  the  case 
of  the  brain  and  sense  organs. 

Part  II  constitutes  a  systematic  resume*  of  anatomical  structures  and,  with 
the  exception  of  certain  minor  changes,  is  based  upon  the  systeiratic  arrangement 
of  the  B  N  A  terms  as  originally  published  by  His,  1895.  This  arrangement,  as 
emphasized  by  Dr.  F.  T.  Lewis,  Stohr's  Textbook  of  Histology,  6th  edition,  p.vi, 
is  such  as  to  furnish  "an  excellent  means  by  which  students  may  review  anatomy". 

In  Part  I  uome  of  the  terms  are  in  Latin,  while  others  are  anglicized. 
In  a  few  instances  it  has  been  necessary  to  employ  a  term  not  listed  in  the 
B  N_/Ay  as  for  example  in  the  case  of  the  surgical  triangles  of  the  neck.  Such 


•'    •-  . . 


'• 


IV. 

terms  can,  however,  always  be  recognized  through  the  absence  of  cross  reference 
numerals.  In  Part  II  all  of  the  SNA  terms  have  been  retained  in  their 
original  Latin  form.  In  the  case  of  Part  I,  that  form  of  the  term  has  been 
used  which  appears  most  prevalent  in  the  majority  of  the  standard  English  and 
American  anatomical  texts  and  in  the  conversational  language  of  the  laboratory 
and  clinic.  Where  this  is  not  clear,  the  Latin  term  is  given.  In  the  event 
of  differences  in  different  texts,  regarding  the  terms  which  are  anglicized, 
the  cross  references  to  Part  II  facilitate  a  ready  reference  to  the  equivalent 
Latin  form,  as  for  example  in  the  case  of  stomach  and  ventriculus,  or  spleen 
and  lien.  In  this  connection  it  must  be  recognized  that  as  yet  there  is  no 
authoritative  list  of  English  equivalents  for  the  B  N  A  and  no  unanimity  of 
agreement  as  to  the  usage  of  Latin  or  anglicized  forms,  -  a  problem  toward  the 
solution  of  which  an  authoritative  decision  by  proper  representatives  from 
English  speaking  countries  would  render  an  important  contribution  in  the 
interests  of  medical  science. 

A  thorough  understanding  and  adequate  command  ci  anatomical  terms  cons 
stitute  an  important  objective  in  anatomical  study.  The  same  is  eqailly  true 
of  dexterity  in  dissection,  independence  of  observation  and  the  verification  of 
textbook  statements.  In  the  last  analysis,  however,  perhaps  the  matter  of 
greatest  importance  is  the  student's  own  efforts  toward  the  interpretation  and 
organization  of  the  facts  and  observations  thus  acquired.  Instructors, 
cadavers,  textbooks,  atlases  and  laboratory  manuals  are  only  means  to  an  end. 
If  the  student  is  lacking  in  this  ability  or  fails  to  develop  it,  all  of  these 
accessories  will  be  of  little  avail.  A  mere  memory  of  anatomical  terms  and 
all  the  minutiae  of  structure  do  not  in  themselves  constitute  a  working  know- 
ledge. It  is  only  as  these  data  become  organized  in  such  a  way  that  when 
confronted  with  the  living  body  we  can  visualize  the  form,  position,  relations 
and  functions  of  its  various  structures  as  component  parts  of  a  living  working 


:  • 


' 


V. 

machine  and  at  the  same  time  have  a  ready  command  of  the  terms  by  which  these 
structures  are  designated,  that  we  can  regard  ourselves  as  having  made  any 
great  degree  of  progress  toward  a  irastery  of  human  anatomy.  Toward  the 
realization  of  this  end  the  present  work  is  necessarily  only  one  of  many 
factors.  It  has  been  undertaken  with  a  keen  appreciation  of  the  almost  dis- 
couraging character  of  some  of  the  perplexing  problems  it  involves  and  that  at 
best  it  must  represent  a  beginning  which  only  the  cumulative  data  acquired  with 
more  extended  experience  and  criticism  can  bring  to  its  greatest  perfection. 
Its  immediate  purpc.^-  will,  however,  be  attained  if  it  proves  to  be  of  real 
utility  in  the  establishment  of  a  basis  for  a  more  direct  correlation  of 
anatomical  terminology  and  structure  in  the  practical  study  of  the  cadaver  and 
in  the  presentation  of  a  resume  of  regional  and  systema'ft*  anatomy  materially 
facilitating  the  attainment  of  such  a  v/orkirg  knowledge -cl  the  human  mechanism. 


Criticisms,  suggestions  or  memoranda  of  errors,  a  certain  number  of  which 
have  not  always  been  successfully  eliminated  from  the  mimeograph  stencils  will 
be  greatly  welcomed.  It  has  also  been  suggested  that  should  the  proposition 
involved  in  the  present  work  recommend  itself  sufficiently,  possibly  the 
cumulative  experience  and  criticism  from  various  laboratories  might  eventually 
find  expression  through  some  representative  anatomical  committee  or  commission 
leading  to  a  more  authoritative  presentation  of  the  subject. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
Berkeley,  California,  Sept.  27,  1919, 


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C   ONTENT5 
Part  One 

Regional         Anatomy 

THE     SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY 

Page 

Structures  of  the  baclc:  with  reference  primarily  to  structures 

in  relation  to  the  superior  extremity.  ----- — -— — — — ...  —  1 

Surface  anatomy 1 

Regions  of  the  back — .... — . — ................ — ...__...-._...  2 

Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  vessels  — - — — — - — — — —  2 

Muscles,  nerve  and  vessels — •- — — -  2 

Muscles:   •  •  •  lajsdr  — — — — — ...  2 

Structures  in  relation  to  superior  margin  of  scapul«—  2 

Muscles:  second  layer  ————————  3 

Nerves  and  vessels  —————————  3 

Anterior  thoracic  region  and  axillary  fossa. —_—...-.  3 

Surface  anatomy — — — — —  3 

Pectoral  regions .............. ....... — .—  3 

Anterior  thoracic  wall:  superficial  structures  — — — —  4 

Superficial  fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  blood  vessels—  4 

Mamma. 4 

Anterior  throacic  wall:  deep  fascia  and  pectoralis  major 

muscle  — .............. ... — _ -....—  4 

Axillary  fossa  and  structures  subjacent  to  the  pectoralis 

major  muscle  — — — ...... . — ......... .  4 

Structures  in  relation  to  base  of  axillary  fossa- — - — —  4 
Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  clavicular  part  of 

pectoralis  major  muscle — — - — — — —  5 

Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  Eternocostal  part  of 

pectoralis  major  muscle — —  5 

Contents  of  superior  part  of  axillary  fossa .... — —  5 

Contents  of  inferior  part  of  axillary  fossa  — .....  5 

Structures  in  relation  to  medial  wall  of  axillary  fossa —  5 
Structures  in  relation  to  posterior  wall  of  axillary 

fossa — - — — — . — - — ...  ......  5 

Axillary  vessels ......... — ......  6 

Subclavius  muscle  ——————————  6 

Erachial  plexus — — — —  6 

Serratus  anterior  muscle-—- — — — _..—.....— 

Superior  extremity:  general  characteristics — —  7 

Subdivisions  — — -.....—.— — .. ... .... —  7 

Regions  of  the  Superior  Extremity • — -  7 

Region  of  shoulder  — — — — — .-..—— ......  7 

Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  cephalic  vein  —— — — — ....—  7 

Muscles,  nerves,  vessels  and  ligaments  of  the  shoulder——  8 

Arm  and  superficial  structures  of  forearm  and  dorsum  of  hand- Q 

Surface  anatomy  of  arm  and  forearm—————— — -— — — - 

Arm  (anterior  aspect)  and  forearm:  superficial  structures— — -  9 

Cutaneous  nerves  ——————————  9 

Veins  and  lymphatics-- ..... — ......__.......-........  9 

Arm  (anterior  aspect) :  deep  structures  — — — ... — .... ... 9 

Deep  fascia  —————— —-——.——-.—— — -  i* 

Arteries  — — ........ _ „ ... — n 

Veins ; > —  10 


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CONTENTS  VI1 • 

Pa  feg. 

Nerves ' — — -—. .— *  _— .-•• -  10 

Muscles  — — — — . _ — — „— — ..........  10 

Cubital  fossa »  10 

Arm  ^posterior  aspect)  - — — — — —  — — ________________  10 

Dorsum  of  hand:  superficial  structures  —————————  11 

Forearm:  volar  aspect  and  ulnar  margin  — — — — — _—— —  11 

Deep  fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves  piercing  it  -*— — .... — — 

Radial  artery  and  nerve  —————————— — — •  11 

Superficial  muscles  --- — — — — — — — — — ....  11 

Ulnar  vessels  and  median  nerve  — — — — ——————  12 

Deep  structures  on  volar  aspect  of  forearm  • — — -- — —  12 

\Vrist  and  hand:  volar  aspect — — — — — — .. —  12 

Surface  anatomy — —  12 

Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves — -----  12 

Muscles,  nerves,  vessels  and  ligaments  — — — —  13 

Nerves  and  vessels  superficial  to  the  nuscles  and  flexor 

tendons  of  the  palm  —————————  13 

Ligaments  and  mucous  sheaths  of  flexor  tendons  — — - — -  13 

Muscles — — — _— —  —  13 

Nerves  and  vessels  internal  to  the  flexor  tendons  end-rrusr:  s-s  13 

of  the  palm — — .  14 

Forearm:  dorsal  aspect  and  radial  margin — — — —  14 

Fascia,  muscles,  nerves  and  vessels — — '-  14 

Deep  fascia — - — .... — — — -- — -  14 

Superficial  muscles 14 

Nerves  and  vessels  — — — — — — — — — — — —  14 

Deep  muscles  ———————— — — — — —  14 

"Jrist  and  hand:  dorsal  aspect  — — ... — — — — — — ..... — —  15 

Muscles,  nerves  and  vessels  — — — — — — —  15 

Vessels 15 

Muscles,  nerves  and  ligaments  — — ————————  15 

Articulations  of  superior  extremity  —————————  15 

Shoulder  joint ............ — ........ _____________ ....  15 

Elbow  joint  — ......... — — ____________________________  15 

Joint  of  the  hand — — . — -  —  15 

Radiocarpal  articulation 15 

Intercarpal  articulation — 16 

Pisiform  articulation — ..... — .......... . .. .......  16 

Radioulnar  articulation  — — — — . ... — . —  is 

Carpometacarpa.1  articulations  — -. ... ... — ..........  16 

Internets' carpal  articulations • — — 16 

Metacarpophalangeal  articulations — 16 

Articulations  of  the  digits • 16 

THORAX  AND  DEEP  STRUCTURES  OF  THE  BACK 

General  characteristics ., . . —  17 

Subdivisions  of  thorax  and  back  — — ~ 17 

Surface  anatomy  — — _ .. ._  17 

General  osteological  characteristics  of  the  thorax _—  17 

Regions  of  thorax  and  back — — .-  i? 

Thoracic  wall:  anterior  and  lateral  parts  — - — —  17 

Intercostal  muscles,  ligaments  and  nerves —  17 

Blood-vessels  -——————__ . — — —  IQ 

Thoracic  cavity  and  viscera  ——————————.—  13 

Pleura  and  pleural  cavities  — . 18 

Lungs — „ . 19 


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CONTENTS  VIII. 

Fage 

Surface  anatomy • — --— •- — — 19 

Internal  structure  of  lung — - — —  19 

Root  of  lung  and  related  structures 2')' 

Strudtures  in  relation  to  the  right  and  left  roots 20 

Structures  within  the  pulmonary  roots  -- 20 

Phrenic  nerve  and  nerves  to  6he  superficial  part  of  the 

cardiac  plexus — --• — -— — — —  20 

Thynms 20 

Pericardium —-__-_-_-. — ______________  20 

Great  veins  of  the  thorax  and  their  tributaries  -------------  21 

Heart  and  aorta 21 

Surface  anatomy  — — ——-—---- — ——_——.  21 

Nerve  and  vascular  supply 21 

Cavities  of  the  heart.  Pulmonary  vessels  — 22 

Aorta  and  its  branches  --------- — —-—-—- — ------  23 

Myocardium  and  fibrous  rings  of  the  heart  --------------  23 

Cardiac  plexus  — — — — —  23 

Trachea  and  bronchi  -— — — . 24 

Posterior  mediastinal  cavity  and  structures  within  it  -— — — —  24 

Thoreaio  wall:  posterior  part ____- — _-- — — _— — —  24 

Thoracic  part  of  the  sympathetic  system  — — — — —  24 

Structures  in  relation  to  internal  surface  of  posterior 

thoracic  wall 24 

Deep  structures  of  back — — 25 

Posterior  serrati  muscles  and  lumbodorsal  fascia  ——————  25 

Intrinsic  muscles  of  back  ---------------- — _—_————  25 

Nerves  and  blood-vessels --• 26 

Vertebral  canal:  blood-vessels  and  meninges  — --  26 

Spinal  cord:  nerves,  blood-vessels  and  surface  anatomy  -— — —  27 

Spinal  nerves  — — — — — — — — — — — -_— _--  27 

Blood-vessels — -—  27 

Surface  anatomy  — --— — — ——————...  27 

Spinal  cord:  internal  structure — .-  27 

Gray  matter  ----- — -— — — —————— ——....—  28 

V/hite  matter — —  28 

Articulations  of  the  thorax — — — — — —  28 

Sternocostal  articulations  28 

Costovertebral  articulations — -  28 

Capitular  articulations  — - — - — — — — - — —  28 

•  Costotransverse  articulations  — — — —  28 

Articulations  of  the  vertebral  column  — — — — — —  29 


HEAD  AND  NECK 

Structures  in  relation  to  scalp  and  temporal  region. 30 

General  characteristics  of  the  cranium  — — — — — — — .  30 

Subdivisions  of  the  cranium  — — — —  30 

Regions  of  the  head • 30 

Scalp  and  temporal  regions:  superficial  blood-vessels  and 

nerves  ———.-.-———— -_- — — — — — ...  30 

Frontal  region  — ....... — . — .  30 

Temporal  region  — — — — ............. ...... .—.._—....  30 

Mastoid  and  occipital  regions 30 

Scalp:  deeper  structures — 31 

Muscles — -  31 

Lymphatics  — — . .  31 

Auricle  or  external  ear  — -——.._: _ _ 31 


.-••    ,  .-*      •  r    •   .  •          •         -    .    ••• 


.... 
• 


CONTENTS  IX. 

Paee 


Intracranial  structures  in  relation  to  brain  and  cranial  wall  --- 

Structures  exposed  by  reaoval  of  calvaria  — ..—._— 

Structures  exposed  by  removal  of  brain --————•-  32 

Roots  of  cerebral  nerves  — — —  32 

General  structural  characteristics  of  exposed  base  of 

cranium  and  related  dura  mater  — --- — - 

Sinuses  of  the  dura  rater  - — ~ — — — - — — — — 

Arteries 33 

Hypophysis «- — — —  34 

Structures  in  the  lateral  and  anterior  regions  of  neck  — — -——-——  34 

Surface  anatomy  — --- — ---- — - — .— — - ...—..—  34 

Regions  of  the  neck  — — — — ..... — ........ — ..........  34 

Superficial  fascia,  platysma,  veins  and  cutaneous  nerves  ~ — — --  34 

Deep  cervical  fascia  and  sternucleidona&toid  muscle  — — — -— — -  35 

Posterior  triangle  -— — .————— ———-••-  35 

Occipital  triangle  -——---— — —-.-——-—————  35 

Supraclavicular  triangle  ——--——-—-  36 

Supraclavicular  part  of  brachial  plexus ._..-—--.—  36 

Muscles  in  floor  of  posterior  triangle  — — ——--•——•--  36 

Anterior  triangle ...-.—— — ...—*.  35 

Submaxillary  or  digastric  triangle — — .--  36 

Carotid  triangle — — — — - — -— —  37 

Muscular  triangle  — — --————  37 

Structures  in  relation  to  anterior  median  line  of  neck  .... .—  38 

Suprahyoid  region  — — —-.——-— — —-.———  38 

Infrahyoid  region  ———————————— — --  38 

Muscles  of  neck:  second  and  third  layers -.— — — — — -----  38 

Sternoclavicular  articulation  ——.——.———— —  38 

Root  of  neck --— 38 

Muscles  ————————————— .———.—--  38 

Blood-veesels  and  lymphatics  ———-—-- —---———  38 

Nerves  i..————— ———--————  39 

Remaining  structures  at  root  of  neck  - — _.--..—-— 39 

Cervical  plexus  and  viscera  of  neck——- — - — ..-.—— — — ~-  39 

Back  of  head  and  neck ---- — —  40 

Regions  of  back  of  head  and  neck .._—.—.—...——  40 

Fascia,  superficial  nerves  and  muscles  — — — — — 40 

Muscles  in  relation  to  back  of  neck  — — — .... .  40 

Deeper  blood-vessels  and  nerves  of  back  of  neck  ————«•  41 

Face  and  frontal  region  of  head  — — — -— — — — — — — — •-  42 

Surface  anatomy ..-.-_—— _._..._-.——— — —..-.-.  42 

Regions  of  face  — ------ — ... — ......—.. — . — .... — - — .-....-.—  42 

Kascia  and  parotid  gland  — — .... — ----- — ...... — ---.  43 

Superficial  nerves  of  face 43 

Superficial  blood-vessels  of  face  -— — — — ... .......  44 

Muscles  of  face  and  front  of  head  — — — — — — — —  44 

Structures  in  relation  to  temporal  and  infratemporal  fossae  — — .— —  44 

Fascia,  muscles  and  vessels  .—.—————-— .—.——-.-  44 

Mandibular  articulation  — —. — — — — ....... — — .........  46 

Nerves  ————-----—-.—— — ..... — — .........  46 

Mandibular  canal  ——..——.-——-———•————---——  46 

Suboaxillary  canal  — .... — -- — — — — — — « — —  41 

Superficial  structures  in  submaxillary  region  ———————  47 

Deeper  structures  in  submaxillary  region  .—————.—-  47 

Structures  in  relation  to  deeper  regions  of  neck  and  base  of  cranium--  47 

Otic  ganglion,  tensor  veli  palatini,  stylopharyngeus  muscles-- — -  47 

Blood-vessels  ————————————  48 


, 


COKIENTS  X. 

•  Page.. 


Nerves — .-.-_.-...—•—, _.______. — „_ — -  49 

Sympathetic  trunk  — - — .— — ._—-.--.—»  49 

Structures  in  relation  to  cervical  part  of  vertebral  column,  and 

posterior  part  of  base  of  skull— -..-.__.-____-.--.  50 

Muscles,  nerves  and  blood-vessels  -— — .— — — . __________  50 

Articulations  of  cervical  vertebrae  III-VII  - —  50 

Articulations  of  epistropheus,  atlas  and  occipital  bone  — 50 

Cervical  part  of  vertebral  _anal  and  spinal  cord — --  51 

Remaining  structures  in  anterior  part  of  head  and  neck  -————.—  51 

Pharynx  — ——.._—._  —  ...—.—..-.—.--...— ......... ......  52 

MusciLes  and  fascia  of  pharynx  — .— — - — — ...  - — -- — —-.—.--  52 

Cavity  of  pharynx  i.— .—-.-*-.--——-————-———--.  52 

Mouth  and  fauces  .———.—...——.-.; — — — -.—..---— ~.-~-*  53 

General  characteristics  of  cavity  of  mouth  — — -— .......  53 

Mucous  membrane  of  mouth  — — —  54 

Glands  of  mouth  — .... •. — -  54 

Teeth -— —  54 

Tongue .......... . — ...  ...  54 

Fasces — —  54 

Soft  palate  and  related  structures  —----——---—---- — ---—-•.--  54 

Muscles  -----.--_-------_-------.------_.---.--..--.----__---------  54 

Arteries  -— — — —...—.-.-....-..—————.—.——-  55 

Nerves  -------.--_-_----_---__-_-_-_----_-_-_-_-.---___--------  55 

Auditory  tube  --------------------- — _____________________________  55 

Nasal  cavity ..... — . ..  55 

Nasal  septum — ____-_------—  55 

Cavity  and  lateral  walls  of  nose — — — ----- ....  55 

Paranasal  sinuses  -- — — — — — --—  56 

Nerves  and  vessels  in  lateral  wall  of  nasal  cavity —  56 

Nasal  cartilages  — .... — ... ... — ...... ......  55 

Larynx . _ _ — _ .  55 

Cavity  of  larynx . . ~  56 

Laryngeal  muscles,  hyothyreoid  and  elastic  membrane 57 

Laryngeal  nerves  and  vessels — — -.— — ......  57 

Laryngeal  cartilages  and  ligaments 58 

Tongue ..... . . . --  59 

General  characteristics  and  surface  anatomy  — —  59 

Muscles  of  tongue  — — — — ........ — . 39 

Nerves  and  vessels  of  the  tongue ~  60 

Structures  in  middle  cranial  fos_a -..,_. . — .— -_ — - — .....  60 

3yelids  and  lacriinal  apparatus——— ....... — ....... .._..  61 

Eyelids — •. 61 

Lacriraal  apparatus;  — ..... — ..... .-,_— ........ . 61 

Structures  in  relation  to  orbit — - — .... —  61 

Structures  in  superior  part  of  orbit  and  fascia  of  eyeball 61 

Optic  nerve ,  nasociliary  nerve  and  ciliary  ganglion  — 62 

Blood-vessels  of  orbit  .......... . 62 

Remaining  structures  of  orbit — :— — 62 

Structures  in  carotid  and  infraorbital  canals  and  pterygopalatine  fossa  63 

Carotid  canal . — ... . — . . . 63 

Maxillary  nerve  and  infraorbital  canal  63 

Sphenopalatine  ganglion  — — — .— — — .... ... — i. .....  64 

Internal  maxillary  artery  — — — . — ..  64 

Auditory  apparatus:  external  and  middle  ear —  64 

Walls  of  tympanic  cavity 64 

Auditory  ossicles,  articulations,  ligaments  and  muscles  65 

External  acoustic  meatus  ——.-—--_.- . .... ....  66 

Intraosseous  course  of  facial,  intermediate  and  acoustic  nerves  66 


CONTENTS  XI. 

Page 


Brain:  General  characteristics,  meninges,  blbod  vessels  and  cerebral 

nerves  — — — — — - — — —-— — — _________________   67 

Larger  subdivisions  of  brain  — « — • — — — —   67 

Meninges  and  blood  vessels  of  brain  —--—————   67 

Meninges  ------ — — — -— — — — —   67 

Blood  vessels  - — - — — — -. — ............   68 

Base  of  brain  and  cerebral  nerves  — — — — — —   68 

Base  p.  brain — - — .... ..............   60 

Cerebral  nerves — — ......... .—....   69 

Brain:  Surface  anatomy  of  rhombencephalon  and  mesencephalon  .--—-.-   69 
Rhorabencephalon  — — — ——————.——•—-«_   69 

Medulla  oblongata  — — — .... ............. .........  70 

Pens 70 

Isthmus  of  rhombencephalon  -— — ..———.-- — ........ 

Cerebellum — — — —   70 

Fourth  ventricl.t  - — .... .— ..... ............. 

Floor  of  fourth  ventricle  — — — — — ...... ......... 

Roof  of  fourth  ventricle • 

Mesencephalon  -—.——-——.—— • — —————•-   71 

Brain:  Surface  anatomy  of  prosencephalon  - — — — — — — — 

General  subdivisions  of  prosencephalon  — — — — — • 

Telenctphalon  — — -— ... - — .... __....-.. — 

Pallium:  general  characteristics  — -— — — — .... 

Lobes  of  cerebrum  ———————— ————•• 

Medial  surface  of  hemisphere  —————— —-——«• 

Rhine  nee  phalon  ——-—-— —"—--—— -•————•—   74 

Hypothalamus  ——-—.— — ........  .-——.— ————-• 

Corpus  callosum  ————————————   74 

Ventriculus  lateralis  — — —————— -—-——— 

Septum  pellucidum,  fornix  and  tela  chorioidea  — — — —   75 

Thalamencephalon  — . — .-..-.—.-———.—. ... 76 

Thelamus — — — — —   76 

Metathalamus  --——————————-••   76 

Epithalamue  ——————— — — — -. .-...-. 

Ventriculus  tertius  — ——.——. ... _.———• 

Brain:  Sections  through  brain  ———————————— 

Structures  in  sections  of  medulla  oblongata  -— — — — 

Structures  in  sections  of  pins  — — — — — — • — 

Structures  in  sections  of  cerebellum — ... — — — —   77 

Structures  in  sections  of  rhombenciphalic  isthmus  and 

meeencephalon — — —  — — - — — — — — 

Sections  of  isthmus  rhombencephali  ——.—-—— 

Sections  of  pedunculus  cerebri  — •- — • — - — — — .- 

In  sections  of  corpora  quadrigenina  .—...— — -- — — 

Structures  in  sections  through  prosencephalon  ————-•• 
Sections  of  hypothalamus  ——-———-——• 

Sections  of  thalamencephalon  — — — — — — - 

Sections  of  telencephalon  ————.— -...——— 

Organ  of  Vision  —————————— — — —   78 

Cptic  nerve ....  ... — ....... . — - — .—.--. — ..   73 

Bulbus  oculi . — -.   78 

Tunica  fibrosa  oculi * — 

Sciera  — 79 

Cornea 79 

Tunica  vasculosa  oculi  -• — — 

Chorioidea — — »— 79 

Corpus  ciliare — — — — — — — — — — —   80 


.. 


•. 
- 


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•»-•  «»« 

•  -  *    #     r     .  • .  -     r .    .      -     •  • 


• «.      ->..  \    .  »  -.   .       *.-... 


.   .     .    c     .       - 


• 


CONTENTS  XII . 

Page 


Iris _ 80 

Ciliary  r.erves  and  vessels ..... —  80 

Pigment  layer  — ..  80 

Retina — — .. .  80 

Vitreous  body — — ....  81 

Zonula  ciliaris ....  81 

Crystalline  lens  — -_— — — .. ._......_...  81 

Chambers  of  eyeball — .... — . ...  81 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS 

General  characteristics  — — — . — ..... . .. — . — ...  82 

Subdivisions  of  abdomen  and  pelvis —.-—.,-_——..  82 

Surface  anatomy . ..... .._.....*_...  82 

Regions  -• .  82 

Perineal  region ..... ......... ...  83 

Surface  anatony ..... . .. — . .  83 

Perineal  region  in  general — ...  63 

Pudendal  region  in  the  male  -- — — — — • — .... __.—  83 

Pudendal  region  in  the  female  — — — .......  83 

Urogenital  region:  structures  external  to  urogenital  diaphragm-—  83 

In  the  male . . — . __ . _ — _ ..  83 

In  the  female  -- — - — ....... _ ... _ — ....... ___  84 

Urogenital  diaphragm .*..... -  84 

Inferior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm 84 

Structures  in  the  urogenital  diaphragm  in  the  male  -- 85 

Structures  in  the  urogenital  diaphragm  in  the  female 85 

Anal  region . ... *.*.« — *..  85 

Anterior  abdominal  wall .... . ..  86 

Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  vessels  — -- .... — .- — —  86 

Deeper  structures  of  anterior  abdominal  wall . ~  86 

Muscles  and  related  structures  — — ..  86 

Internal  surface  of  anterior  abdominal  wall 87 

Inguinal  canal,  scrotum  spermatic  cord  and  testis  .........  88 

Inguinal  canal . — .  88 

Scrotum  and  spermatic  cord  - — — - — . .._.__ ..... ..  88 

Testis . ._ ..  88 

Abdominal  cavity,  peritoneum  and  viscera . 89 

Abdominal  cavity  and  peritoneum  — — --- .  89 

General  characteristics  of  abdominal  cavity,  viscera  and 

peritoneum  -- — - — -.-.-. ... ....... — ..........  89 

Peritoneal  folds  and  fodSa  in  relation  to  small  and  large 

intestine  - — — . -. — ... — .... ...  89 

Peritoneal  ligaments  in  relation  to  liver  stomach  and  spleen  89 

Omental  bursa .-  90 

Relations  of  pelvic  peritoneum  ----- — - — _ — ----- — ..........  90 

Peritoneal  relations  in  general  -— .—.—.—. — .........  90 

Mesenteric  blood-vessels,  nerves  and  lymphatics  ----- • ........  90 

Mesenterial  small  intestine  and  the  large  intestine  -——.———  91 

i'esenterial  small  intestine  ------ — ... — .—....——.._. — ...  91 

Large  intestine  — ...... — . — . . ...  91 

Structures  in  relation  to  the  wall  of  the  omental  bursa 92 

Biliary  ducts  and  vessels  in  the  lesser  omentum  — 92 

Remaining  vessels  in  relation  to  walls  of  omental  bursa 92 


-  —  •      •          '  '    •  • 

.... 

.    •.-  ... 


•    •• "•• '  -          '     

• ."..•..     .  .'  .  .--.-    .       -  '    •-. 


•  .       .     •       .'-:•..,. 

-.,  -  ..... 


.     '  '..    .  .'  :      .  ..' 


CONTENTS  XIII. 

Page, 


Duodenum  and  pancreas  ------ — — — —  93 

Duodenum  — -_,.-_. — — — — — — — _ — _ — ...  93 

Pancreas • —  93 

Stomach  and  spleen — .___—- ___ _—_._..._.  93 

Stomach — — — .............  93 

Spleen  — — — — — ——__._— — — — —  93 

Sympathetic  plexuses  in  relation  to  coeliac  ganglion  and  ceoliac 

plexus  -— — — — — — — — — — — — —  94 

Liver  -- — — — »-• —————— ————_—-—_-———-  94 

Suprarenal  gland,  kidney  and  ureter — ----  95 

Suprarenal  gland, -^to>^>  ->0A.— — — - — .............. —_.-__,  95 

Vascular  supply  of  tne  Kidney  and  Suprarenal  gland—- 96 

Kidney  — _______ — ______ — ______________________________  95 

Ureter — . 96 

Diaphragm  — — ... — -- — ....  96 

Structures  in  relation  to  the  posterior  abdominal  wall —  96 

Blood-vessels  and  lymphatics 96 

Arteries ___________ ______ . — ___ — ___ — __  97 

Veins  and  lymphatics  — — — — 97 

Fascia  and  muscles  of  posterior  abdominal  wall — — — — — -  97 

Nerves  of  the  posterior  abdominal  v/all ................  98 

Pelvis  — -— — — — .— — -  _ . __, — „ — _ _.. _ „  gg 

Osteology . __ . _______ _ __ — ___. — . — .  93 

Peritoneum  and  fascia  in  relation  to  the  pelvis'- — — -— A.......  99 

Peritoneal  foils  i»i  nilcVpelvIb---*. . — 99 

I  eritciiojin  o'-.eEftle  pelvis — — --_____ — — ....  99 

Fascia ..-..— _.._-- ... — .  99 

Pelvic  viscera  --- — — ___________ — . _____________  100 

In  the  male  pelvis  — — — - — .  100 

In  the  female  pelvis  -— — — — -— ...... —  101 

Pelvic  blood  vessels  (male  and  female)—— 102 

Arteries -.. — _. - — ._ 102 

Veias  -.-. — -— — ._-__... . ...... — .  i-_3 

Pelvic  muscles  and  nerves  — 103 

Pelvic  articulations  — — ....__.— _.  103 


.  THE  INFERIOR  EXTREMITY 

General  characteristics  of  inferior  extremity  -  —  -  -----  -  -----  -  -------  <•-  105 

Subdivisions  ---------------  -  -------  .  ---  .  -------------  *.  ----------  .  105 

Regions  --  —  ——.-———  —»._......_.i.......  —„......._.  __  __  __  _„_  105 

Gluteal  region  --------------------------------------  ._>  ______________  _  105 

Surface  anatomy  -—  ---  —  —  —  —  ----  .  ___  —.———————  __  _  105 

Fascia  and  cutaneous  ijerves  -------  -~  ;  -----  -  —  —  .  ------  -  ----  -  —  .  ----  106 

Glutaeus  maximus  muscle  --------------  -  ---  -  —  —  ...  ________  —  _____  .  106 

Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  glutaeus  maximus  muscle  ------  106 

SStructures  distal  to  the  piriformis  muscle  —  -  --------------  -  106 

Structures  proximal  and  lateral  to  the  pirif  oraie  muscle  ----  -  107 

Structures  exposed  by  reflection  of  glueaeus  minimus  muscle  ----  --  107 

Popliteal  space  —  —  -—  —  .  ----  —  ...  --------  __  ____  ._.._._..._..—  __  .....  107 

Surface  anatomy  ———.—..-  —  --.—_..._._.._..  ___  —___—_.  -..^.t,  IQ? 

Fascia,  superficial  nerves  and  vessels  ---------  —  •-  —  -  —  —  -  ____  —  10? 

Popliteal  space:  large  nerves  and  vessels  ---  —  ----------------  ..  108 

Popliteal  space:  medial  and  lateral  boundaries  -------------------  108 

Contents  of  popliteal  space  —  -----  .  __  -  ___  .  ___  .._.  _____  «.__  ________ 

~~~ 


Nerves  --------------------------------  ...  -----------          1Q8 


Blood-vessels  and  lymphatics 


.  .    , 


.r  «    -*    •  • 

.          . 


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.     .  -       . 

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/.;TS  XTV. 
.•;.•  •  :-->••'•> 

_Paj?e_ 

Floor  of  popliteal  space  —-——••- — -  103 

Posterior  part  of  thigh — — — — —  109 

Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves 109 

Eteecles - — -  109 

Nerves  and  blood-vessels  — — — — — — — — — .•  109 

Anterior  part  of  thigh 109 

Surface  anatomy  — — • — ----- — 10< 

Regions  in  relation  to  anterior  aspect  of  thigh  ---- — - — - — ---»-  liO 

Fascia,  superficial  vessels,  lymphatics  and  cutane'ous  nerves  ----  110 

Superficial  fascia,  blood-vessels  and  lymphatics  -— 110 

Fossa  oval'is  -— — — — -—_——_- — —.—--—  110 

Cutaneous  nerves,  superficial  praepatellar  bursae  —————  110 

D&ep  fascia  and  related  ligaments  — — ._—..—.  m 

Femoral  sheath —————— — — — — — —  111 

Femoral  trigone  and  its  contents • —  111 

Adductor  canal  and  its  contents — - — -—  112 

Muscles  of  the  front  of  thigh 112 

Medial  side  of  thigh — 113 

Muscles,  nerves  and  vessels  — — —. — — — — — — — -  114 

Hip  joint 114 

Structures  in  relation  to  hip  joint — —  114 

Leg  and  foot — . 114 

General  characteristics  — — ..— . — ..... _— — _ — ........  114 

Subdivisions  — — ——————-————.——  114 

Surface  anatomy — --.——- —  115 

Regions  --------- — ————————————  115 

Anterior  region  of  leg  and  dorsum  of  foot  —  < —  115 

Superficial  fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  vessels— — — — —  115 

Deep  fascia — — — . 116 

Muscles  in  anterior  ragion  of  leg — — — — — --- —  116 

Arteries — 116 

Nerves  - — __——__————————-——  116 

Muscles  of  dorsuin  of  foot  — — • — — — — — . ....  117 

Lateral  or  percnsal  region  of  leg  • — - — — 117 

Deep  fascia  and  muscles  — — -— — — ........  117 

Nerves  — — — — - — ——_-————---—————  117 

Medial  region  of  leg — - — -- — — — .... — — - — ---  117 

Posterior  region  of  leg  and  heel — — — ——...— — ...  117 

Fascia,  superficial  vessels  and  cutaneous  nerves  — — --- — —  117 

Muscles:  superficial  group  ——.-... — — --.-  118 

Muscles:  deep  group  ————————— 118 

Arteries  — - — ------------- — .......... ...-.-..----•-----.---  118 

Nerves ___—-_ — ........... — ___—.__— __—_--— ------  119 

Laciniate  ligament .... ..... — — -  119 

rPlantar  region  of  foot ...... — - — -  119 

Fascia  and  superficial  veins — — -  119 

Muscles:  superficial  layer  — — .... — — .  119 

Plantar  arteries US 

Plantar  nerves — -  120 

Muscles:  second  layer  of  muscles  and  tendons  ---- — - — -—--.-  120 

Muscles:  third  layer  — ..-— — - — .-- — — -  120 

Plantar  arch  and  doep  division  of  plantar  nerve — --  ISO 

Interosseous  muscles  ~nd  de^p  tendons —  120 


COKOT-iIS  XV. 

Pag;e 

Articulations   of  leg  and   foot 120 

Knee    joint 121 

Ankle   joint  — — -—  121 

Tibiofibular   joints   .  121 

Intertarsal  articulations _ 121 

Tarsoraetatarsal  articulations  — — - — - — 122 

Interraetatarsal  articulations .... — -_— 122 

Metatarsbphalangeal  articulations  - — . — — — — - — - —  122 

Articulations  of  toes  — — — ...... .. ........ —  122 


Part  Two 

Systematic       Anatony 
..GENERAL  AITATOJICAL  TERMS . 

Terms  Indicating  the  Position  and  Direction  of  Parts  of  the  Body  -----  1 

Terms  Relating  to  the  Body  in  General 1 

•a'Spms  Relating  to  the  Extremities —  1 

General  Anatomical  Terms — —  2 

PARTS  OF  THE  HULSAK  BODY. 

Head  - — - — — .- — — —  4 

Cranium ~ .  4 

Face  — — .... .... 4 

Eye  — •, — . . — —  4 

N'dse 4 

Mouth — —  4 

KecS . . 4 

Trunk 4 

Thorax . .. ..  4 

Back — ........ _ . — ...  4 

Abdomen  — — -----_----__________ — __________  ____________________  4 

Pelvis . _ . 5 

Superior  Extremities  — — — ...... . ... .....  5 

Inferior  Extremities  — — ................... ., — . — . — ... ....  5 

OSTEOLOGY 


Vertebral  Column,   or  Spine  ------ — .............. — . ... . — .. — .  6 

Atlas .... 6 

Epistropheus  — - — .___.__ — .. .. — .. — .. .-_.  7 

Sacrum.--—-- — ------- — _______________ ____ __ ______  7 

Coccyx  --—_----- ________________________________ _ — _.._  7 

Thorax 7 

Ribs . 7 

Sternum--—- — -- — .... ...-._.._... — ........ ....  7 

Thorax  (general  characteristics)  ----- — i — ..  7 

Bones  of  the  Cranium  ______ — -_ — -._.___- __ — _.  7 

Basilar  Bone 7 

Occipital  Eone  — 7 

Sphenoid  Bone 8 

Temporal  Bone 8 


XVI  . 


__ 

Parietal  Bone  -----  ——,——»-  ------  -...  —  -  ------  -  ------  ......  9 

FrpffiTrt^L  Bone  —  —  -----  -  —  -  ----  -  ----------------------------  .  1.0 

Ethnoi'd  Bone  -  ------------------------  -  -------  -  --------------  10 

Inferior  nasal  concha  —  —  -----  ----  _  —  —  -----  _—  ----  ..  —  —  _  10 

Lacriajal  Bone  ---------------  -  -----  -—  ----  —  ..  ---  -  —  ....  —  —  10 

Nasal  Bone  -----------------------------------------------  -  10 

Vomer  -------------  ..-.—  ------  ..-._._...._..  ----  ._  —  ________  10 

Bones  of  the  Face  —  —  -  ------  —  -  ---  _________  —  _____________________  10 

Maxilla  -----------------  .  ----------------------------------  .  10 

Palate  Bone  -----  .....  ------  .  ------  .  ----------------------  ..  n 

Zygonatic  Bone  ----  —  --.___-______  ---  ____  ---  —  ...  —  _________  n 

Mandible  -----------------------------------------------  —  11 

Hyoid  Bon?  -  ---------------------  -  -----------  ...  ----  --  ---  ..  12 

Cranium  —  —  -__~.  —  ..  —  ._._„..  —  —.._.»__.  ___  .......  __  ..........  12 

Sutures  o?  the  Ci-Rniu-n  ------------------------------------  12 

Synohondrosdt  of  the  Cranium  -  -------------  -  --------  .._—,..  13 

Bones  of  the  superior  Extremity  —  ------  —  -----  ....  —  .........  ---  -  13 

Shoulder  girdle  -  ------------  .  ------------------------------  -  13 

Scapula  -----------------------  -  ----------------------  13 

Clavicle  —  --------------------------------------------  }3 

Skeleton  of  free  upper  Extremity  ———————  .--•—•  13 

•Humerus  --------------  -  ---  —  ------  —  ------  -  —  -—  ---  -  —  --  13 

Radius  —  —  -  —  -  —  -  ------  --..  ----  .  —  ....  ----------  --  ----  14 

Ulna  -------------------------  .  -------------  -  ---------  -  14 

Carpus  •—-->—-.—--.-  ---  -  ---  .........................  14 

Metacarpus  ------  -  --------------------------  -  ---------  14 

Phalanges  -----  -  —  •  -----------  -  ---------------  -  ---------  14 

Bones  of  the  inferior  Extremity  -------  -  ---------------------------  15 

Pelvic  girdle  ---------------------------------------------  15 

Hip  Bone  -  —  -  ---------  -  —  -  —  -  ---  ..  -----  -  -----------  —  15 

Ilium  -  —  —  -  ----------  -  -------------  -  ------  ...  ----  .  —  -  15 

Ischium  —  ---  —  --------  -  ---  -—  ---  .  -------------  -  —  —  15 

Pubis  -------------------------------------------------  15 

Pelvis  ----------------------------------------------  .  15 

Skeleton  of  free  lower  Extremity  -------------------------  -  15 

Femur  ---  ---  -------  .  -----  .......  -----  .  ----  .  ---  .  —  .  —  ._  15 

Fibula  —  --------------------------------------------  ..  16 

Patella  -----  -  ---------  -  -------------------------------  16 

Tarsus  —  -  —  ~-  ---  -  ---  —_...-..  ----------  ._  ---  .  —  __._.._  ig 

Tklus  ---  -  -----------------  -  ----------------------  -  16 

Calcaneus  --------  -.—_._._  ---  _  ----  _  —  ........  ---  -  17 

Navicular  Bone  -  ---  .......  —  ._  ------  ......  —  —  .....  17 

Cuneiform  Bones  -----------------------  -  ----------  17 

Cuboid  Bone  -------  -  ---  -  —  -  ---------------------  -  17 

Metatarsus  -  —  —  ..  ----  -  -------  -  ----  .  --------  .  --------  ..  17 

Phalanges  —  -~-~~.  —  ..,._-.__.„.___  _„__„._„.._.__.,..____  IQ 


Ligaments  of  the  Vertebral  Column  and  Cranium  -------------------  18 

Atlantooccipital  articulation  -  -----  •  -------  —  -------  •  ---  ......  19 

Atlantcepistrophic  articulation  ----------------------------  .  19 

Costovertebral  artic-.ilations  <•—  -  -----------------  -  --------------  19 

Capitular  articulations  ----  .  ----------  -  -------  .  ----  ...  ------  .-  19 

Costotransverse  articu3.ations  —  --------  -  --------  ......  ----  ...  ^9 

Sternocostal  articulations  ------  —  ---  —  ---  —  -  ----  —  ----  -  ---  -  —  -  19 


CONTENTS  XVII , 

Page 

Mandibular  articulation  ——.-•—.—.————.—*•-«---—-•  19 

Ligaments  of  the  shoulder  girdle  — — -.-—.-.-.—...-..—.  19 

Acromioclavicular  articulation  --*—i~-— -*--.-.-.——.—.—•  19 

Sternoclavicular  articulation  -——-—-*.— ...*..-.......-.....^.  -  19 

Shoulder- joint  ———»-——*——.——-.—-——-— — — — .....  19 

Elbow- joint  — ..-.——..- — ... — — -- — -. — - — -—.—._.  i. — ..  ...  19 

Distal  radioulnar  articulation  —.—.-.—————————.-  20 

Articulation  of  the  hand  --—-—-—...— — .............. — ....  20 

Articulation  of  the  pisiform  bone  — —.——..—— — .... — .....  20 

Carpometacarpal  articulations  — ........... — ........._...*  20 

Carpometacarpal  articulation  of  the  thumb  — — — — ...... 20 

Intermetacarpal  articulations— ———.-— ——..---..—. — —  20 

Metacarpophalangeal  articulations  — — — — .-—..-- ..  —  20 

Articulations  of  the  fingers  — — — — — — — — — --  20 

Ligaments  of  the  pelvic  Girdle  — — .... —..—.——  .——.-*  20 

Sacro-Iliac  articulation  —--—•———.-.-—————.——  20 

Syinphysis  of  Pubic  Bones  **>- —  20 

Hip- joint • — . • • 2G 

Knoft- joint—  - .. — .... — — — -  21 

Tibiofibular  articulation ..... . ...... . —  21 

Tibiofibular  Syndesmosis • --  21 

Articulations  of  the  Foot  — —  21 

Talocrural  articulation  (Ankle  joint)— -...-  21 

Intertarsal  articulations  -..————— — — — -  21 

lalocalcaneonavicular  articulation  — .—————  21 

Talocalcanean  articulation  — ———-—.——.— .  21 

Chopart's  Transverse  Articulation  of  the  Tarsus  -----  21 

Talonavicular  articulation  ————————————  21 

Calcaneocuboid  articulation  ——.-————————  21 

Cuneonavicular  articulation  — — ...—..--.-  21 

Interosseous  Ligaments  of  Tarsus  — — — — — ...*....——  21 

Dorsal  Ligaments  of  Tarsus  — --.— *— -..-.—.-—-- — .  21 

Plantar  Ligaments  of  Tarsus ....... 21 

Tarsometatarsal  articulations  — -——--——.---- —  22 

Intermetatarsal  articulations — 22 

Metatarsophalangeal  articulations  — — — .-—.—— — --  22 

Articulations  of  the  Toes — .—.-.— — ..... — —  22 

MYOLOGY  OR  MUSCULATURE 

Muscles  of  Back  — ... 23 

Muscles  of  the  Head • 24 

Muscles  of  the  Hyoid  Bone 24 

Muscles  of  the  Neck • — — 24 

Muscles  of  the  Thorax  — 24 

Muscles  of  the  Abdomen  ——-——. — _.^»..._. ....... ............  25 

Coccygeal  Muscles — — — — — — — ... — ... ... ........  25 

Muscles  of  the  superior  Extremity  —-—-——-— ..........  g-5 

Muscles  of  the  Inferior  Extremity  -.—.-.»-.— — .... — ...........  26 


. 


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......  ^  -------       '  *    -  -       ^-1:"  ---       '   •-  . 


CONTENTS  SVIII, 

Page 
BURSAE  AND  MUCOUS  SHEATHS 

SPIAKCHMOLOGY 
Digestive  System 

Oral   cavity —  30 

Oral  nucous  membrane  — — ______ _ . — ...  30 

Orrl   gla-nds — —  31 

Teeth 31 

Tongue — — -.4.—......—.... .....  31 

Fauces  — — --- — — — .... — .-- . ..... — . — ..  .-  32 

Muscles  of  the  palate  and  fauces -— ....... _ — ....  33 

Pharynx  - — - — — ........ ............. — . — ...... — _.....*  33 

Digestive  tube  — — — — — ..... ....... — _...._......_.—..  33 

Oesophagus  — .... .... — ....... __________ ..__._.._.  33 

Stomach  - — .... — ...... ... ..... ...  32 

Snail  intestine .... — - — ... — — —  33 

Large  intestine  — — — .... . — .... — .... — — -•  33 

Rectum  ---------__----_—---_-- — ____________-____------------  33 

Pancreas ........ — .____ — ... . — .......... — ..........  34 

Liver  —-----——-.——-......——_-——.---—---—-—————  34 

Spleen ... ... —  35 

Respiratory  System 

Nasal  Cavity -. — 35 

External  Nose  — ..... — ..... ___________________--_---__-  35 

Larynx  — ..... .. __._—_, — . .... — -__.-  36 

Laryngeal  Muscles  ----——-————————----—---—-—  36 

Laryngeal  Cavity  ------ — . — ... . '. — .---.- — —  37 

Trachea  and  Bronchi — --.———.-- —  37 

Lung 1 ... — — . — —  37 

Thoracic  Cavity — — -— — : — — -  38 

Thyreoid  Gland —  38 

Glomus  caroticuQ  -....-. . . ________________ ...... — ...  38 

Tbymus  --- — . . — . ... . . .... ....  38 

Urogenital  System 

Uropoietic  Organs  — .— ..._.——. — ... . — .... — -  38 

Kidney  — ________________________ — .... — _ — .... — .......  33 

Renal  Arteries _________ — _________ — ....... — ...  39 

Renal  Veins — — . —. — —  39 

Ureter  ...... ........... — ........ — .. — _____________ .  39 

Srdnary  Bladder  -------- — ........ — ...... — .. — . — ......  39 

Suprarenal  Gland ....... .... , — ..  39 

Genital  or  reproductive  Organs  — — - — ...... — ..... _-..._._.  39 

Male-  Genital  Organs — . 39 

Testis ^ 39 

Seminal  Vesicle  ........... .............. —-.........-...—-.  40 

Spermatic  Cord  and  tunics  of  the  Te'stis  and  spermatic  Cord  ---  40 

Prostrate i— — — — — —  40 

Bulbo-urethral  Gland — • — 40 

External  Genital  Structures •-- — 40 

Penis — — — • — ......  40 


-  •.. 

• 


•  -..-.  -      •  '.• 


CONTENTS  XIX. 

Page, 


Male  Urethra 41 

Scrotum 41 

Fenale  Genital  Organs  — — — — - — — — — — —  41 

Ovary  —————— — — —_—_-—--—- — .  41 

Uterine  Tube 41 

Uterus —  41 

Vagina — — — — — — _______——.——  42 

Epoophoron  —---—---—-——-— ——————  42 

Paroophoron  - — —————————————  42 

External  Genital  Parts 42 

Greater  Vestibular  Gland  (of  Bartholin)  — —  42 

Clitoris 42 

Female  Urethra 42 

Perineum  — — — — —.—..< — . — — —  43 

Peritoneum  — — - — -— — — ......... 43 

AMGIQLOGY 

Heart  — — — — — — — — ........ — ....... — ...... — ... — — — — —  44 

Right  Atrium — — — 46 

Right  Ventricule • • • 4€ 

Left  Atrium  — • — — — ..... — — .. —  46 

Left  Ventricle  — — — — — — — — -  46 

Arteries  — — —————————————————————  46 

Pulmonary  Artery  —---——...——- — ... — .... *..—.....  46 

Aorta  — --- — — —  — ..—._*— .———.....—...  46 

Innominate  artery  —————————————  46 

Common  Carotid  Artery  ——---———————  46 

External  Carotid  Artery  — — —. — — — . ..... — — ....  46 

Superior  Thyreoid  Artery — -  46 

Ascending  Pharyngeal  Artery- — — — ... — - — -  47 

Lingual  Artery  — *• *  47 

External  Maxillary  Artery  — — — — - — — --—  47 

Sternocleidomastoid  Artery  — — — — -— - — —  47 

Occipital  Artery *- —  47 

Posterior  Auricular  Artery  — — .... . ....  -— — -  -  47 

Superficial  Temporal  Artery— — — — - — — — —  47 

Internal  Maxillary  Artery  ~ 47 

Internal  Carotid  Artery — — - — ---—-——  47 

Ophthalmic  Artery  — — — --- — ---- — — — —  47 

Cerebral  Arteries  — ........ — -. — — —  48 

Subclavian  Artery  — -.— — — — i — — - — — — — -  48 

Vertebral  Artery  — — — - — --  48 

Basilar  Artery — — — — — .... — ........ .... — —  48 

Internal  Mammary  Artery  ———--—- — ——-——-••  48 

Thyreocervical  Trunk  — — — — .————— ..—..———.  48 

Inferior  Thyreoid  Artery  — — — — - — -.— — — .-  48 

Ascending  Cervical  Artery  — — ........ 48 

Transverse  Scapular  Artery  —————————  48 

Costocervical  Trunk  — — — — — — — — . 48 

Transverse  Cervical  Artery  — . — — ,——————  48 

Axillary  Artery  — — — — ————————— ....  48 

Highest  Thoracid  Artery  — — — — -  49 

Thoraco  ^crooinal  Artery  — — — — — ———————  49 

Lateral  Thoracic  Artery  ———*———————  49 

Subscapular  Artery  — — — — ................ .— _  49 


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•  >•    •          ...  - •      . 

•  •  -        ~  ••-•-..     •     . ••     -    -   -• •-••••  -  -  ••- 


CONTENTS  XX. 

Pa  fee 


Anterior  Circumflex  humeral  Artery  .-—--— ...-.—-*«*  49 

Posterior  Circumflex  humeral  Artery — _i.—.-.  49 

Brachial  Artery • — ... — -  49 

Profunda  Brachii  Artery  — — — — — — — —  49 

Superior  Ulnar  Collateral  Artery  -— — —  49 

Inferior  Ulnar  Collateral  Artery :- — -  49 

Radial  Artery — —  49 

Ulnar  Artery  —-.—.—..——.—-..—.——---—--«-.-  49 

Thoracic  Aorta  - — — ............. — ....... — —  49 

Intercostal  Arteries  ----- — .... — ——--.—  49 

Abdominal  Aorta ........ — ....... ......... — -_..—.—  50 

Inferior  Phrenic  Artery  — — .... .............  50 

Lumbar  Arteries  — — — -—..--——- ......... — ...  50 

Middle  Sacral  Artery  — -— ~ — ....... ......  50 

Coeliac  Artery  ——--.—.. — —-.—...-..-....--.-»-——  50 

Superior  Mesenteric  Artery  — — — - — ---- — -—---———-  50 

Inferior  Mesenteric  Artery  —-—--— — .... . — .._-_———.  50 

Middle  Suprarenal  Artery  —.»•—.-———— — .----_.——  50 

Renal  Artery  .-.-.— ...... .—-—.....—---.— ..--.————•»  50 

Internal  Spermatic  Artery  .—--.- — ... . — —_——---———  50 

Testicular  Artery  — — — ...... ..........  50 

Ovarian  Arte&y  — — - — -- — .............. — ............  50 

Common  Iliac  Artery  -——-—.——-— - — ..... — .... — -- — — — — .  50 

Hypogastric  Artery  ——------——--—— — ........ — -. .......  50 

Iliolumbar  Artery  --—-•——--——-.-—«•••--—————  50 

Lateral  Sacral  Artery  ———--- ..——-—.——————  50 

Obturator  Artery  —--———- — -.....-.—— ........ — ......  50 

Superior  Gluteal  Artery  .-.——.---———•——•-««—-.—  51 

Inferior  Gluteal  Artery  -— .........  51 

Umbilical  Artery  —.—.—— — ——-——.—.——————  51 

Inferior  Vesical  Artery— ....... — .............  Si 

Deferential  Artery  ......... — — — ........ .——-——  51 

Uterine  Artery  — — ........................ — --  51 

Middle  Hemorrhoidal  Artery  ——.—.----.—*--.————-  51 

Internal  Pudendal  Artery  — — ————.- — ...-—.—.——--  51 

External  Iliac  Artery  -— « — — — —  51 

Inferior  Epigastric  Artery  — — — — — — — .... —  51 

Deep  Circumfles .—.....--.—. — _--——-——  51 

Femoral  Artery  ——..—. — .. — ..................................  51 

Popliteal  Artery --— — — -  51 

Anterior  Tibial  Artery  — — 52 

Posterior  Tibial  Artery — — — —  52 

Veins  .......  .............................. — -. — ................  52 

Pulmonary  Veins  ......... — ......... .—..........—.-.. — —  52 

Cardiac  Veins  — — — — -— — — — — — •  52 

Superior  Vena  Cava  — • • 52 

Right  and  Left  Innominate  Veins -—  52 

Internal  Jugular  Vein  - — — 52 

Sinuses  of  the  Dura  Mater  — — ---- — — ...... — —  53 

Cerebral  Veins -— — — ----.——. — — .. 53 

Superior  Opbthalmic  Vein ........ — ... —  53 

Common  Facial  Vein  --- — ——---—.---—.-—— — ..........  53 

Anterior  Facial  Vein  ..... — ......... — ................  53 

Posterior  Facial  Vein  — ........ 54 

External  Jugular  Vein  — — — ... .... — ................  54 

Subclavian  Vein  ———————-—. — .—..--.-.-.—.——  54 


. 


. 


CONTENTS  XXI , 

Page 


Axillary  Vein ... — . — .-  54 

Azygos  Vein  — — — — ... .................  54 

Inferior  Vena  Cava — .... -. — ......  55 

Portal  Vein 55 

Common  Iliac  Vein  --------- — ..................................  55 

Hypogastric  Vein  —.— . .-. ...... — ................  55 

External  Iliac  Veins  — — -. — .—...—...  55 

Lymphatic  System ..... — _ ........ — .............  55 

Lymphatic  Vessels .... . . ...... — .... — .............  55 

Thoracic  Du<rt — — .— 56 

Lymph  Glands — - — ----..- ...... ..........  55 

Lymphatic  Plexuses — .... — ...... — .... — .............. —  57 

NEUROLOGY 
^Central  nervous  system. 

Spinal  cord  — — . . . .. . .  58 

Sections  of  spinal  cord  — .—  58 

Encephalon  (brain  — .... — . — ... .... ....._..__._......_*  59 

Rhombencephalon  -..--..-...-.... — .. — ....... — _._._.._._..._..  59 

Myelencephalon  (medulla  oblongata)- — • 59 

Sections  of  medulla  oblongata.  ----------------------  59 

Metencephalon  (hirrt-brain) — .—.._..*  go 

Pons  ........ — ..... — -__ ._ — . _ . __  50 

Sections  of  pons  ~  ---- — ...._...*......*......*  go 

Cerebellum — — . .............. . .  60 

Sections  of  cerebellum  --—--—-.*-.-.-— -*,-...  gl 

Isthmus  of  Rhombencephalon  ....... -—___-. . ....  gi 

Sections  of  Isthmus  — — — -  gl 

Cerebrum  ..... — —.-—._-.._......._. — .......... — ___________  gi 

Meeencephalon  (mid-brain) — ---«.  gl 

Sections  of  cerebral  peduncle  — — > — ..........  gl 

Sections   of  quadrigeminal  bodies  — - — —-—.-——.—  62 

Prosencephalon  (fore-brain) ...... ..... — .......  62 

Dience^halon  (inter-brain) — —  62 

Hypothalaraus  - — 62 

Sections  of  hypothalaraus  —--...—.——--—  62 

Thalamencephalon 62 

Thalamus ... . — .- ...... .......  62 

Metatnalamus  • ...... — ....._.—.*  62 

Epithalarnus   € ... ... — - — .....  62 

Sections  of  tnalamencephalon  — -— — ..*..—  62 

Telemcephalon  (end-brain)   — -  g3 

Hemisphere  „-> - -— . — -— — .  g3 

Pallium  •- — — . — — — *  g3 

Medial  surface  of  hemisphere  -— — — — *  g3 

Corpus  callosum  — .- — -- — — — .... — .....  g4 

Fornix  ........ — . — _-.-.--......._..  g4 

Septum  pellucidum  -- — — -.-—_..___  g4 

Lateral  ventricle  -—.—-—•——.•--——.*  g4 

Rhinencephalon  ...... -_-.—...-.._._.__.  54 

Sections  of  telencephalon —--.--._.-._. g4 

Meninges  -—-——..—...._. ..... .-_..>....  gs 


i 


•  . 


CONTENT'S  XXII . 

.  ,Page__ 
Peripheral  nervous  system.. 

Cerebral  nerves ... . 66 

Olfactory  nerves .-__._._ — ...- ......_......_.__ — -  55 

Optic  Nerve- -• . > ... — -  66 

Oculomotor  Nerve-- — ________ .... _ — ________  55 

Trochlear  Nerve ...... . .- *.  gg 

Trigeminal  Nefve  — 66 

Ophthalmic  Nerve  — — ------- — . — - — . ___________  66 

Maxillary  Nerve  - — --- — - — -- — - — — - — .-—--—.- — -  66 

Iviandibular  Nerve  -- — «— — — — —  67 

Abducent  Nerve  ---- — - — - — — -_ — . — _________  57 

Facial  Nerve  — — — ________________  57 

Acoustic  Nerve — - — — 67 

Glossopharyngeal  Nerve  — -— ...... — .  68 

Vague  Nerve  — -_--_-_____ — ....... — ____„______________ — .  53 

Accessory  Nerve  - — ..... . ......... .............  68 

Hypoglossal  Nerve  — — — — — _. — . ..... 68 

Spinal  Nerves ........ _____________ — . ............  68 

Cervical  Nerves — ... — . —  69 

Brachial  Plexus ..... . .....  69 

Median  Nerve  ---------_--_---------_-~---_-__----~--------  69 

Dinar  Nerve __________________ — . . — ___________  69 

Radial  Nerve  ^ — . —  69 

Thoracic  Nerves .— .- .. . . — .... 69 

Lumbar,  Sacral,  and  Coccygeal  Nerves  —»---—. .--..-..—....  70 

Lumbosacral  Plexus  --_-_-—-__ — .... .... — ___________________  70 

Lumbar  Plexus  ..... — ____________ — ... — __..__._. — ...»  70 

Ijliohypogastric  Nerve  - — .—.—-- — .- — ......  70 

Ilioinguinal  Nerve  .... — .... ............. . — ___.  70 

Genitofemoral  ----_---_--_-__--_____-_______________-_____  70 

Lateral  femoral  cutaneous  Nerve  - — .——-._-._ — ..........  70 

Obturator  Nerve  ......................................... ^  70 

Femoral  Nerve — . — . .... — -  70 

Sacral  plexus ..... .. — ......... .  70 

Sciatic  Nerve  ........ — ..................._.....-..._....  70 

Pudendal  plexus — . . ..... .....  71 

Coccygeal  Nerve — . . — . 71 

Sympathetic  Nervous  System. 

Cephalic  and  cervical  parts  of  the  sympathetic  system  — — 71 

Thoracic  part  of  the  sympathetic  system  - — — ...» — .- — --— — .  72 

Abdominal  and  pelvic  parts  of  the  sympathetic  system — — 72 

SENSE  ORGANS  AND  COMMON  INTEGUMENT. 

Organ  of  Vision — . ... ... .. . 73 

Eye  — . .... _ . ..... 73 

Optic  Nervo  -.-.— — ....... — ........__..........„._._ 73 

Eyeball  — — — — .. — . — , . . _. 73 

Fibrous  Tunic  of  Eye  — . .. ._  73 

Sclera _ . 73 

Cornea  — ..... — _. — ..... ........ _ _. 73 

Vascular  Coat  of  Eye - .... . 73 


- 

.     •     • ;         ••••  -'-  •'. • ' 

•      ' ••.•••"'•,''•••.  .  U.v'_". 

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- •   •  ea i  •-••• '  •••.•••• 

•    ••• •  • •-•" ••  •     •  ••'• 

'        n  •.    -  .     •  •  -  • •-•  —      •    •    -  -- 


-'        '        :         ' ~ 

'-"     '"         '••       •  "       ~  •*"'-   •*     '  ' ,.-..-.•  -     - 

m.    «.      .   -       *» •  .  •        •     •       fc       '      •      - 

•»••'-•  •  :«*.*«•<• 


-•....  •  ,-          ' 


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..-•.» •  •     -.        - •       '  "  •         '  •         -•••.- 

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*•.-•,..-.  -         -      ... 


., 


-    ,  '  '    '   ••-• 

"  '  '     '  '    '•  '• 


-  ---------- 


CONTENTS  XXIII, 

Pag;e 


Chorioid — • . 73 

Ciliary  -i.e . 78 

Iris . _  73 

Pigment  layer  — . — -- —  74 

Retina  '-- --. _-._-  74 

Anterior  Chamber  of  the  Eye • ---. .,--  74 

Posterior  Chamber  of  the  Eye — -_—...-_-  74 

Vitreous  Body — - — — — _ ........... ___._.  74 

Crystalline  -- — — -— . .......  74 

Ciliary  Zonule  -• — --- .................  74 

Accessory  Organs  of  the  Eye  — — - — -•-..— .......  74 

Eye  Muscles,  orbital  Fasciae  — - — ---_.-.—._._._....  74 

Eyebrow — ..... ... — ________________  75 

Eyelids  — — — . ..........  75 

Conjunctiva  .... . — ............ — ______________________  75 

Lacrir.al  Apparatus — ............. — ................  75 

Organ  of  Hearing _. .. — . — . — ..... — .  75 

Internal  Ear  - — ---  — .... — . ... — _________________  75 

Membraneous  Labyrinth  ............... — . — ... ... — .  75 

Osseous  Labyrinth  — .... . ............  75 

Vestibule  *- . . 76 

Cochlea  ------_--_---_-_______ — _.....__..._.._. — _.  75 

internal  Acoustic  Meatus  ........ _____________________  75 

Tympanic  Cavity . 76 

Tympanic  Membrane — — . — — -  77 

Auditory  Ossicles * — ....... ...  77 

Joints  of  the  Auditory  Ossicles- — — —  78 

Ligaments  of  the  Auditory  Ossicles  — — 78 

Muscles  of  the  Auditory  Ossicles  —----. ...... — ......  73 

Tympanic  Mucous  Coat ... — .  78 

Auditory  or  Sustachian  Tube — —  78 

External  Acoustic  Meatue — . . — — -  78 

External  3ar . 78 

Organ  of  Smell . . . . .  79 

Organ  of  Taste  - — .... — __ 79 

Common  Integument  ---------___--__--___---_-________--____________-_  79 

Skin . . . . .  79 

Epidermis  — . ._,...._.. . . — .. .. .  79 

Cerium . . . ....  79 

Subcutaneous  Tissue  (tela  subcutanea) 79 

Terminal  Corpuscles  of  Nerves — — ..... -.  79 

Hair . . — . . .  79 

Nails  ««•--— —-—•....__._....._..„....._.._.._._............_.  79 

31ands  of  the  Skin ... _ 79 

Glomiform  Glands — . ........  79 

Sebaceous  Glands — .. . .... ...  80 

Breast . .....  80 


.    .  >  -      ,,.,.*» 

-   •-    •  »      -•'•'• 


._.,  ^*  ,.*.-••-•         ,«       .      .      *  •<      V     »      ..  -,      ,„_          .  +  -r  -- 

.  .=• 


•••• 


..,,..„      .     ...     .-    .  .-   ,  ,    .  .    *  -    -  -.  ,   .   *-.  *..  .  .  *.    .  . 

..,-  ^:-  -  ..^^  ........  ......      -...  —  ......         ... 

,-.  t.    ,..«»,    fc  ,      .«,...••*-»•-•,.«•-•.-—  .-.-..      ,,..       .  ..       . 


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......  .--...       .         .,    -         ...•*...          - 

.  .   .,„...       » .       ,  -  .     -•       •«. 


.   —  .       t         -          •  .    -    -  .   :  •         -       - 


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'             -.......• 


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-    .      -.     V,    ..  .  •*                                    _.-..-.          •    •  .  -  - 

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• 

•-...,,...,.              ...«.*..      .      ..               .         -.'       •-'.         «•-.-.  .    .'  .      ..  „   »'.. 


CONTENTS  XXIV , 

Page 


REGIONS  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY. 

Regions  of  the  Head ......... .—  82- 

"     "  "  Face 82 

•     "  "  Neck 82 

"     "  "  Breast  - 83 

"     "  "  Abdomen 83 

"  "  Back 83 

"     "  "  Superior  Extremity  --——.———. ... —— — -  83 

w     "  "  Inferior  Extremity  -—•——.— .•«—.-.— ._..._  84 

COLORED  PLATES.  OF  REGIONS.  (Omitted  in  present  copy) 

Plates  showing  Surface  Anatomy  and  skeletal  projections.  (Omitted  in 
present  copy) 




•-••"•• 


••••.....       %     .      <*    .  .        *. 


1        '  .      .  '          '  ' 


Part   One 


REGIONAL    ANATOMY 


SUPERIOR       S  X.-JT  R  E  M  I  T  Y 


Pari   One 
Regional   Anatomy 1 

SUPERIOR   EXTREMITY 

I .   Structures i[ii of >  thei  Back ^ with  reference |  primarily ^to 

Structures  in  Relation,  to  the  Superior  Extremity. 
1.  Surface  anatomy 

Structures  which  may  be  identified  by  inspection  and  palpation, 

SPINOUS  PROCESS£S-6:37 

VERTEBRA  PROMINENS-6:38 

MEDIAL  ANGLE  OF  THE  SCAPULA-13 :52 

INFERIOR  ANGLE  OF  THE  SCAPULA-13 : 50 

SPINE  OF  THE  SCAPULA-13 :42 

ACRdOQN-13:45 

ILIAC  CREST-15:18 


•^In  conformity  with  the  Basle  Anatomical  Nomenclature  (B  N  A)  all  brackets 
relating  to  anatomical  terms  are  used  in  the  following  sense: 

I.  Oval  brackets  ()  indicate  variations  (varietates  anatomicae). 

II.  Angular  brackets  £  3  contain  explanatory  additions,  among  which  are 
included  double  names  and  personal  names.  . 

III.  One  affixed  asterisk  x  is  used  to  indicate  ontogenetic  expressions,  (e.g, 
MEMBRANAE,  DECIDUAX  -43:5,  V-SNA  UMBILICALISx-55:34,  etc.). 

IV.  Two  affixed  asterisks  xx  are  used  in  a  few  instances  to  indicate 
structures  which  may  be  either  especially  difficult  to  demonstrate  by 
ordinary  methods  of  dissection  or  appear  relatively  of  secondary  importance. 

The  numerals  affixed  to  each  term  in  the  regional  anatomy  (Part  I)  cite  the 
page  and  number  of  the  same  term  in  its  systematic  position  in  the  outline  of 
systematic  anatomy  (Part  II).  In  connection  with  these  cross  references,  it 
will  be  observed  that  the  terms  in  Part  I  are  anglicized  in  some  instances 
and  given  in  their  Latin  form  in  other  instances,  whereas  in  Part  II  the  terms 
appear  exclusively  in  Latin.  In  the  latter  case,  the  term  corresponds  with 
the  original  B  N  A;  in  the  former  case  the  term  has  been  used  in  the  form 
which  appears  to  coincide  with  the  usage  common  to  the  najority  of  standard 
American  and  English  anatomical  texts,  but  it  is  to  be  recognized  that  as  yet 
there  is  no  authoritative  English  list  based  on  the  B  N  A  and  that  for  the 
present  decisions  upon  this  point  are  necessarily  largely  dependent  upon  the 
individual  preferences  of  author  and  student.  (See  also  discussion  in  the 
Preface) . 

In  general  the  subject  matter  is  arranged  with  a  view  to  practical  utility. 
To  this  end  the  terms  in  Part  I  are  grouped  primarily  in  the  sequence  in  which 
the  corresponding  structures  nay  be  exposed  and  observed  in  actual  dissection. 
The  text  in  small  type  gives  concise  statements  of  the  more  important 
incisions  and  dissections  necessarily  involved  in  an  adequate  demonstration  of 
these  structures  as  they  are  encountered  in  any  given  region.   The  page 
arrangement  of  the  terms  in  general  is  such  as  to  leave  a  certain  amount  of 
space  available  for  marginal  notes  or  references. 


«  :*».>;  :!'•.•'•.•"*    '  . 
r  ;?•/..•   ::..:.••*. 


' 

.-  •: 


..  .   . 


. 


.      •  -  •  ••.'••.,  .      •  =      •    •; 


. 


'..  '  .  '  "  ' 


•   :'  '      •  ' 
• 


S  UPERI OR     EXTREMITY .  2  » 

2.  Regions  of  the  back 

MEDIAN  REGION  OF  THE  BACK-83:24 
INTERSCAPULAR  REGION-83:25 
SCAPULAR  REGION-83:26 
SUPRASCAPULAR  REGION-83:27 
INFRASCAPULAR  REGION-83:28 
LUMBAR  REGION-83:29 
REGION  OF  THE  HIP-83:3Q 
SfiCRAL  REGION-83:31 
GLUIEAL  REGION-83:32 
fERINEAL  REGION-83:33 

3,  Fascia,   cutaneous  nerves  and  vessels 

Skin  incisions:  a)    in  the  midline  from  the  vertebra  prominens 

to  the  tip  of  the  coccyx;  b)   from  the  tip  of  the  coccyx  to  the 

posterior  superior  iliac  spine,   thence  along  the  iliac  crest  to 

within  about  25  cm.  of  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spind;  fc)   from 

the  vertebra  prominens  to  the  medial  margin  of  the  acromion; 

d)   from  the  spinous  process  of  the   first  lumbar  vertebra  to  the 

lateral  margin  of  the  acromion. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAM!  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  THORACIC  NERVES-69:77 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  THORACIC  NERVES*69:76 

POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  'RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES- 

70:4 

MEDIAL  RAMI  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  LUMBAR,  SACRAL  AND  COCCYGEAL 

NERVES-70:13,  19 

LATERAL  RAMI   OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  LUMBAR  NERVES-70:14 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES- 

49:63 

DORSAL  RAMI  OF  LUMBAR  ARTERIES-50:10 

POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  ANTERIOR  RAMI  OF 

INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:68 

4, .  Muscles,    nerves  and  vessels 

a.  Muscles:  tfirst  layer 

Exposed  by  removing  both  superficial  and  deep  layers  of  fascia. 
TRAPEZIUS  MUSCLE-23:15 

LATISSIMUS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23:17  Not  including  its  insertion. 
TRIGONUM  LUMBALE-25:48 

b.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  superior  margin  of  the  scapula 
Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  thoracic  part  of  the  trapezius 
muscle  at  its  origin,  separating  it  from  the  cervical  part  of 
the  muscle  by  a  transverse  incision  at  the  level  of  the  vertebra 
prominens,  and  reflecting  the  thoracic  portion  toward  its 
insertion,  exposing  at  the  same  time  the  external  ramus  of  the 
accessory  nerve-68;59,  and  the  muscular  rami  from  the  third  and 
fourth  cervical  nerves  supplying  it. 

INFERIOR  BELLY  OF  THE  OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:59 
SUPRASCAPULAR  NERVE- 69; 31 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTEf(Y-48:60 
SUPERIOR  TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  LIGAMENT-19:43 


'•'-""  :•:'• 


•  •' ' #*  •  •'•-••     '  '   •• "  • 

-..-.•                   ••••    ._ .  •;      •  ••-.•;    v-1  •'•••  "; 

'   '     '               'I'''    •''"'  '  •  •'•  '"' '  •    ';':        •  ;     '     "  : ' 

- •    :  •  . •  •               •  .  ;       .••:.••••  .:•-•.'•                    •  ,  .    .-.• 

';          '    '    '        :'    ''         •               '  :   '  '::.  '    •'        '        '       •"'"  ''•' 

.. :     •.     - 1    -,i  .....    ......  .-.i  -     -  .    .  .                  .  •  .  ,• 


. 


'       v  '.       '  : .     '    . . 


-      '    ' 
"  .  '.'"' 


:•.:.- 


.•        .  •        . 


' 


:...  :      •.-.  -•  '•  , 
•-    '  t  ?<•  .     ..••,••' 


•:. 


I    : 


SUPERIOR    EXTREMITY  3* 

c.  Muscles;   second  layer 
RHOMBOIDEUS  MAJOR  MUECLE-23:18 
RHOMBOIDEUS  MINOR  MUSCLE-23 :1<2 

LEVATOR  SCAPULAE  MU5CLE-23:30  Insertion  only.. 

The  descending  ramus  of  the  transverse  cervical  artery-48:69  nay 
be  observed  in  the  interval  bet\veen  the  rhonboideus  minor  and  the 
levator  scapulae  muscles* 

d.  Nerves  and  vessels 

the  following  nerves  and  artery  nay  be  exposed  by  detaching  the 

levator  scapulae  muscle  at  its  insertion  and  the  rhomboid  muscles 

at  their  origins,  and  reflecting  the  latter  muscles  toward  their 

insertions. 

DORSAL  SCAPULAR  NERVE- 69:27 

DESCENDING  RAMUS  OF  THE  TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:69 

The  following  structures  may  be  demonstrated  by  detaching  the 

latissimus  dorsi  muscle  at  its  origin  and  reflecting  the  nuscle 

toward  its  insertion. 

THORACODORSAL  NERVE-69:33         Termination  only. 

THORACODORSAL  ARTERY-49:10       Termination  only. 


II.  Anterior  Thoracic  reeion  and  axillary  fossa. 


l._    Surfacd  anatomy 

Structures  which  may  be  identified  by  inspection  and  palpation, 
CLAVICLE-13:59 

STERNAL  EXTREMITY-IS : 60 

ACROMIAL  EXTREMITY-13 : 63 
STERNUM-7:46 

MANUBRIUM-7:47 

JUGULAR  NOTCH-7:54 

BODY  OF  STERNUM-7.50 

ANGLE  OF  STERNUM-7:48 

XIJ3HQ1B  PROCESS-7:53 
RIBS  I-XII-7:28 

COSTAL  CARTILAGES-7:32 
CORACOID  PROCESS  OF  THE  SCAPULA-13 : 58 
MAMMA-4:50,   80:5 

PAPILLA  MA.MviAE-80:6 

CORPUS  MAI\Cj!AE-80:7 

AREOLA  MAIIMAE-80:14 
ACCESSORY  MAiffliA3-80:18 
AXILLA- 5:10 

ANTERIOR  AXILLARY  FOLD- 5111 

POSTERIOR  AEILLARY  FOLD- 5: 12 
HIMSRUS-J3:67 
. 

2.     Pectoral  regions -83: 2 

ANTERIOR  PECTORAL  REGION- 33: 3 
STERNAL  REGION-83:4 
CLAVICULAR  REGION-83:5 
INFRACLAVICULAH  HEGION-83:6 

DELTCIDEOPECTORAL  TRIANGLE-83 :7 
JJAWJARY  REGION-83:8 
INFRAMAiffl-tARY  RSGION-83:9 


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SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  4. 

LATERAL  PECTORAL  REGION-83 :10 
AXILLARY  REGION-83 :12 

AXILLARY  FOSSA- 83: 12 
LATERAL  COSTAL  REGION-83 :13 

3.  Anterior  thoracic  wall;   superficial  structures 

a.  Superficial  fascia,   cutaneous  nerves  and  blood  vessels 

Skin  incisions:  a)   longitudinally  from  the  xiphoid  process  trans- 
versely around  to  the  back;  to)    from  the   jugular  notch  laterally, 
along  the  clavicle,  to  the  tip  of  the  acromion;  c)   from  the 
xiphoid  process  obliquely  upward  and  laterally  along  the  anterior 
axillary  fold  to  the  arm,  encircling  the  areola  namase  and  leaving 
it  in  situ. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 
PLATYSMA  MUSCLE-24:54 
SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:17 

ANTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:18 

MIDDLE  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:19 

POSTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:20 
ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:8 

MEDIAL  MAMMARY  RAMI-70:9 

ANTERIOR  RAMI  OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES  IV 
to  VI-70:5 

POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES  IV 
to  VI-70:4 

LATERAL  MAMMARY  RAMI  OF  LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL 
NERVES-70:6 

PERFORATING  RAMI  OF  INTERNAL  MAMMARY  ARTERY-48: 4.0-43 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  ANTERIOR  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES 
IV  to  VI-49:67 
TRIBUTARIES  OF  INTERNAL  MAMMARY  VEIN 

b ...  Mamroa-80: 5f  18 

4,  Anterior  thoracic  wall:  deep  fascia  and  pectoralis  major  znuscleg 

PECTORAL  FASCIA-25:22 

(STERNALIS  MUSCLE) -2 4: 73 

PECTORALIS  MAJOR  MUSCLE-24: 74-77     Not  including  its  insertion. 

Exposed  by  removing  the  pectoral  fascia  but  leaving 

intact  the  axillary  fascia. 

5>     Axillary  fossa,,  and  structures  sub jacent  to  the  pectoralis  major  muscle 

a.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  base  of  the  axillary  fossa 
AXILLARY  FASCIA-26:40 
INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL  NERVES-70:7 
THORACODORSAL  NERVE- 69:33 
THORACODORSAL  ARTSRY-49:10 
LATERAL  THORACIC  ARTERY-49:7 
LONG  THORACIC  NERVE- 69:2 8 
AXILLARY  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:45 


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SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  5- 

b.  Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  clavicular  part  of 

the   pectoralis  rcajor  muscle 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  clavicular  part  of  the  pectoralis 
major  rauscle  at  its   origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its  insertion. 
CORACOCLAVICULAR  FASCIA-25:23 
THORACOACROMIAL  AETERY-49:2 

ACROMIAL  RAMUS-49:3 

ACROMIAL  NETWORK-49:4 

DELTOID  RAMUS-49:5 

PECTORAL  RAMI-49:6 
THORACOACROMIAL  VEIN-54:27 
CEPHALIC  VEIN-54:37 
ANTERIOR  THORACIC  NERVES-69:29 

c.  Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  sternocostal  part 

of .the  pectorali3_major  muscle 

Demonstrated  by  dividing  the  sternocostal  part  of  the  pectoralis 
major  muscle  midway  between  its  origin  and  insertion  and  reflect- 
ing the  two  parts  medially  and  laterally  respectively. 
CORACOCLAVICULAR  FASCIA-25:23 
PECTORALIS  MINOR  MUSCLE-24:78 

d..  Contents  of  the  superior  part  of  the  axillary  fossa 

Exposed  by  removing  the  portion  of  the  coracoclavicular  fascia 

extending  between  the  clavicle  and  the  superior  margin  .of  the 

pectoralis  minor  muscle. 

AXILLARY  ARTERY-48:70         Its  first  part. 

AXILLARY  V2INS-54:29 

BRACHIAL  PLEXSS- 69:24 

H5DIAL  66RB-69:39 

LATERAL  CORD- 69:3 8 

POSTERIOR  CORD- 69: 40 
LYLIPH  GLANDS 

e.  Contents  of  the  inferior  part  of  the  axillary  fossa 

Exposed  by  removing  the  fascia  and  fat  inferior  to  the  pectoralis 

minor  muscle. 

AXILLARY  ARTERY-48: 70         Its  third  part. 

MEDIAN  NERVE-69:48 

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:41 

MEDIftL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERV3-69:45 

AXILLARY  VEIN- 54:2 9 

MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NSRW-69:44 

ULNAR  NERVE-69:55 

f«  Structures  in  relation  to  the  medial  wall of a the  axillary  fossa 
INTERCOSTOBRiiCHIAL  MERT/ES-70:7 
LONG  THORACIC  NERVE-69:28 
LATERAL  THORACIC  ARTERY-49:? 
PECTORAL  LYMPH  GLANDS- 56: 47 

£_.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  posterior  rail  of  the  axillary  fossa 
THORACODORSAL  NERVE- 69: 33 
SUBSCAPULAR  ARTERY-49:9 

THORACODORSAL  ARTERY-49:10 

CIRCUMFLEX  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-49:!!         Origin  only. 


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SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  6. 

SUBSCAPULAR  MERVES-69:32 
SUB5CAPULAR  LVMPH  GLANDS- 56: 4-6 

h.  Axillary  vessels^ 

The  exposure   of  the  entire  extent  of  these  vessels  may  be 
completed  by  the  reflection  of  the  pectoralis  minor  muscle. 
AXILLARY  ARTERY-48;70 

HIGHEST  THORACIC  ARTERY-49:! 
THORACOACROMIAL  ARTERY-49 :2 
LATERAL,  THORACIC  ARTERY-49: 7 

EXTERNAL  MAMMARY  RAMI-49:8 
SUBSCAPULAR  ARTERY-49: 9 

THORACODORSAL  ARTERY-49 : 1 0 
CIRCUMFLEX  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-49 :11 
ANTERIOR  CIRCUMFLEX  HUMERAL  ARTERY-49: 12 
POSTERIOR  CIRCUMFLEX  HUMERAL  ARTERY-49: 13 
AXILLARY  VEIN-54:29 

LATERAL  THORACIC  VEIN- 54:30 

THORACOEPIGASTRIC  VEINS-54:32 
COSTOAXILLARY  VEINS- 54: 31 
CEPHALIC  VEIN- 54:3 7 

i.  Subclavjus  rauscle-24:79 

j .  Bracnial  plexus 

Its  exposure  may  be  completed     -  i.e.  so  far  as  it  is  related 
to  the  axillary  fossa  -  by  detaching  the  subclavius  muscle  at  its 
insertion,   removing  the  middle  third  of  the  clavicle,  and  divid- 
ing the  axillary  artery  and  vein  at  the  level  of  the  clavicle 
and  reflecting  them  distally. 
LATERAL  CORD-6Q:38 

ANTERIOR  THORACIC  NERVE-69:29 

MUSCULOCUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:41 

MEDIAN  NERVE-69-.48       Lateral  head. 
MEDIAL  CORD- 69: 39 

ANTERIOR  THORACID  NERV3-69:29 

MEDIAN  NERVE- 69: 48       Medial  head. 

ULNAR  NERVE-69:55 

MEDIAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:45 

MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE- 69:44 
POSTERIOR  CORD-69:40 

SUBSCAPULAR  NERVES-69:32 

SHORACODORSAL  NERVE- 69:33 

AXILLARY  NERVE- 69: 34 

RADIAL  NERVE-69:65 

SUECLAVIAN  NERVE- 69:30 

LONG  THORACIC  I-iERVE-69:28 

k.  Serratus  anterior  auscle>.25:l 


SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  7, 

III.  Superior  Extremity:    r.eneral   characteristics. 

1.     Subdivisions 

AXILLA-5:10       Cf.  Superior  Extremity,  11:1. 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  AXILLARY  FOLDS- 5: 11,  12 
ACROMION-5:13 
ARM- 5: 14 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACES-5:15,   16 
LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  SURFACES-S:!'7,   18 
LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  BICIPITAL  SULCI-5:19.   20 
ELBOW- 5:21 
FOREARM- 5:22 

DORSAL  AND  VOLAR  SURFACES-5:23,  24 
RADIAL  AND  ULNAR  MARGINS-5:25.   26 
HAND- 5:27 

CARPUS  OR  WRIST-5:20 

METACARPUS-5:29 

DORSUM  OF  HAND-5:30 

PALM  OR  VOLAR  ASPECT  OF  HAND-5:31 

THSNAR-5;32 

HYPOTHENAR-5:33 

DIGITS  OF  HAND- 5: 34 

THUMB  OR  POLLEX-5:35 

INDEX-5:36 

MIDDLE  DIGIT-5:37 

RING  DIGIT-5:38 

SMALLEST  DIGIT-5:39 

DORSAL  AND  VOLAR  SURFACES- 5: 40,  41 

RADIAL  AND  ULNAR  MARGINS- 5: 42,   43 

2,     Regions  of  the  superior  extregity-83:37 
ACROMIAL  REGION-83:38 
DELTOID  REGION-83:39 

LATERAL  AND  MBDIAL  REGIONS  OF  ARM-83:40,  41 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  REGIONS  OF  ARM-83:42,   43 
ANTERIOR  REGION  OF  ELBOW- 83: 44 

CUBITAL  FOSSA-83:45 
POSTERIOR  REGION  OF  ELBOW-84:! 

OLECRANON  REGION-84:2 

LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  REGIONS  OF  ELBOW-84 :3,  4 
VOLAR  AMD  DORSAL  REGIONS  OF  FOREARM- 64: 5,    6 
RADIAL  AND  ULNAR  MARGINS  OF  FOREARM-84:7,   8 
DORSAL  AND  VOLAR  REGIONS  OF  HAND-84:9,   10 
DIGITAL  REGIONS  OF  HAND-84:11 
DORSAL,   UNGUICULAR  AND  VOLAR  REGIONS  OF  DIGITS-84:12-14 

IV.     RvLqion  of  the     Shoulder. 

1,     Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  cephalic  vein. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

Exposed  by  reflecting  the  skin  of  the  shoulder  distally 
as  far  as  the  insertion  of  the  deltoid  muscle. 

POSTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:20 

LATERAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:36 

CEPHALIC  VEIN-54:37 

DEEP  FASCIA 


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SUPERIOR  EXTREMITY  8. 

SUBSCAPULAR  FASCIA-26:41 
SUPRASPINOUS  FASCIA-26:42 
INFRASPINCU5  FASCIA-26:43 

2.     Muscles,   nerves,   vessels  and  ligaments   of  the  shoulder 
DELTOID  MUSCLE-35:63 
SUBCUTANEOUS  ACROMIAL  BURSA-28:22 

The  subsequent  structures  are  exposed  by  detaching  the  deltoid 
muscle  at  its  origin  and  reflecting  the  muscle  toward  its 
insertion. 

SUBDELTOID  BURSA-28:24 
SUBACROMIAL  BURSA-28:23 
ANTERIOR  HUMERAL  CIRCUMFLEX  ARTERY-49:12 
POSTERIOR  HUMERAL  CIRCUMFLEX  ARTERY-49:13 
AXILLARY  NERVE-69:34 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-e9:35 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE  OF  THE  ARM-69:36 
TERES  MAJOR  MUSCLE-25:67 

BURSA  OF  THE  TERES  MAJOR  MUSCLE-28:28 
PECTORALIS  MAJOR  MUSCLE-24: 74         Insertion  only. 
LATISSIMUS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23 :17         Insertion  only. 

BURSA  OF  THE  LATISSIMUS  DORSI  MUSCLE-28:29 
CORACOACROMIAL  LIGAMENT-19:42 
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR  ARTICULATION-19 :45 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULS-19:46 

ACROMIOCLAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-19:47 

ARTICULAR  DISC-19:43 

CORACOCLAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-19:49 
^TRAPSSOID  LIGAMENT-19:50 
CONOID  LIGAMENT-19:51 

The  following  muscles  are  exposed  by  sawing  through  the  acromion 
at  its   junction  with  the  spine  of  the  scapula,  dividing  the 
fascia  covering  the  teros  minor  muscle  and  reflecting  it 
medially,  but  guarding  at  the  same  time  the  circumflex  artery 
of  the  scapula. 
SUPRASPINOUS  MUSCLE-25:64 
TERES  MINOR  MUSCLE-25:66 
INFRASPINATOUS  MUSCLE-25:65 
SUBSCAPULARIS  MUSCLE-25:68 

BURSA  OF  THE  SUBSCAPULARIS  MUSCLE-28:27 

In  demonstrating  the  following  structures  the  infraspinatous  and 
supraspinatous  muscles  are  divided  near  thsir  insertions,  and 
both  muscles  reflected  toward  their  origins. 
BURSA  OF  THE  INFRASPINATOUS  MUSCLE-28:26 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-48:60 

ACROMIAL  RAMUS-48:61 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  VEIN- 54:2 5 
5UPRASCAPULAR  NERVE-S9:31 
CIRCUMFLEX  SCAPULAR  ARTBRY-49:11 
SUPERIOR  TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  LIGAL3NT-19:43 
INFERIOR  TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  LIGAMENT-19:44 


•  '    ... 


• 

. 


.   •  - 


SUPERIOR    EXTREMITY  9, 

V.  Arm  and  Superficial  Structures  of  the  Forearm 

and  Dors  urn  of   tne  Hand. 

1.  tKir£ace  anatomy  of  arm  and  forearm: 

LATERAL  BICIPITAL  SULCUS-5:19 

MEDIAL  BICIPITAL  SULCUS-5:20 

MEDIAL  MARGIN  OF  THE  HUMERUS-14:4 

MEDIAL  EPICONDYLE-14:11 

GROOVE  FOR  THE   ULNAR  NERVE-14:8 

LATERAL  MARGIN  OF  THE  HUMEROS-14:5 

LATERAL  EPICONDYLE-14:12 

OLECRANON-14:19 

STYLOID  PROCESS   OF  THE  RADIUS-14:30 

DORSAL  MARGIN  CF  THE  ULNA-14:44 

STYLOID  PROCESS  OF  THE  ULNA-14:49 

2.  Arm  (anterior  aspect)   and  forearm',   superficial  structures 

a...  Cutaneous  nerves 

Skin  incisions:  a)  along  the  middle  line  of  the  anterior  surface 
of  the  arm  and  the  volar  surface  of  the  forearm  to  the  level  of 
the  radiocarpal  articulation;  b)  transversely  around  the  fore- 
arm just  proximal  to  the  radiocarpal  articulation. 
INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL  NERVES-70:? 
MEDIAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:45 

ULNAR  RAMUS-69:47 

VOLAR  RAMUS-69:46 

MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:44 
POSTERIOR  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:66 
DORSAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE- 69: 68 
LATERAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:43 

b.  Veins  and  lymphatics 
BASILIC  VEIN-54:38 
CEPHALIC  VEIN- 54:37 
MEDIAN  VEIN  OF  THE  ELBOW- 54: 40 

In  cases  where  the  preceding  vein  is  absent,   the  following  veins 
may  take  its  place: 
MEDIAN  VEIN  OF  THE  FOREARM- 54: 41 

MEDIAN  BASILIC  VEIN- 54: 42 

MEDIAN  CEPHALIC  VEIN- 54: 43 
SUPERFICIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS  OF  THE  ELBOW-56:49 

3 .  Arm  (anterior  aspect) :  deep  structures 

a.  Deep  fascia- 

BRACHIAL  FA3CIA-26:44 

LACERTUS  FIBROSUS-25:73 

The  following  fascial  septa  are  demonstrated  by  dividing  the 

brachial  fascia  by  a  longitudinal  incision  along  the  median  line 

of  the  front  of  the  arm  and  reflecting  the  medial  and  lateral 

flaps   of  deep  fascia,   leaving  intact,   however,   the  lacertus 

f  ibrosus. 

MEDIAL  INTERMUSCULAR  SEPTUM-26:45 

LATERAL  INTERMUSCULAR  SEPTUM-26:46 


SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  •   10. 

b.  Arteries 

BRACHIAL  ARTERY-49:14 

DEEP  BRACHIAL  AR1ERY.49:15 

SUPERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:20 

INFERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:21 

c.  Veins 

BRACHIAL  VEINS- 54: 34 
BASILIC  VEIN- 54 ;3 9 
CEPHALIC  VEIN-54:37 

d.  Nerves 

MEDIAL  BRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-69:44 
MEDIAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:45 
MEDIAN  NERVE-69:48 
ULNAR  NERVE-69:55 
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:41 

MUSCULAR  RAlH-69:42 

LATERAL  ANTIBRACHIAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-69:43 

e..  Muse leg 

BICEPS  BRACHII  MUSCLS-25:69 

LONG  HEAD-25:70      Not  including  its  origin. 

SHORT  H£AD-25:72 
CORACOBRACHIALIS  MUSCLE-2  5 : 74 

4.  Cubital  fossa*83:45 

The  following  structures  are  dealt  with  here  only  in  so  far 
as  they  are  related  to  the  cubital   fossa. 
BRACHIAL  ARTERY-49:14 

RADIAL  ARTERY-49:22 

ULNAR  ARTERY-49:36 
TENDON  OF  BICEPS  BRACHII  MUSCLE 
MEDIAN  NERVE-69:48 
BRACHIALIS  MUSCLE-25:75 
SUPINATOR  MUSCLE-2 6:24 

The  follo?/ing  structures  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  lacertus 
fibfrosus  and  widening  the  space  between  the  pronator  teres  and 
brachioradialis  muscles. 
RADIAL  NERVE- 69: 65 

DEEP  RAMUS-69:69 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS-60:71 
RADIAL  RECURRENT  ARTERY-49:23 
INFERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:21 
ULNAT  RECURRENT  ARTERY-49:47         Volar. 

5.  Arm:  posterior  aspect 

TRICEPS  BRACHII  MUSCLED  5: 76 

LONG  HSAD-25:77 

LATERAL  HEAD-25:78 

MEDIAL  HEAD-25:79 
RADIAL  NERVE-69:65 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  lateral  head  of  the  triceps  nuscle 

along  the  course  of  the  mdial  nerve. 

POSTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  NERVE  OF  THE  ARM-69:66 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-69:67 

POSTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  NERVE  OF  THE  FOREARM-69:68 


.-...  - 


SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  11. 

DEEP  BRACHIAL  ARTERJ-49:15 

DELTOID  RAMUS-49:17 

MIDDLE  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:18 

RADIAL  COLLATERAL  ART3RY-49:19 

NUTRIENT  ARTERIES   OF  THE  HUMSRUS-49:16 
ULNAR  NERVE- 59: 55 

SUPERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:20 
INFERIOR  ULNAR  COLLATERAL  ARTERY-49:21 
SUBTENDINOUS  BURSA  OF  THE  OLECRANON-28:32 

6.     Dorsum  of  the  hand :   superficial  structures 

Skin  incisions:   a)  along  the  radial  and  ulnar  margins  of  the 
hand;  b)  along  the  middle  line  of  the  dorsal  aspect  of  each  digit, 
SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  RADIAL  NERVE- 69: 71 

ULNAR  ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS- 69: 72 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES-69:73 
DORSAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  HAND  FROM  THE  ULNAR  NERVE-69:57 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES -69: 53 
VENOUS  NETWORK  OF  THE  BACK  OF  THE  HAND-54:44 

DORSAL  METACARPAL  VSINS-54:49 
DIGITAL  VENOUS  ARCH- 54: 52 
DORSAL  FASCIA  OF  THE  HAND-26:50 
DORSAL  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-26:51 

1.     Forearm:  volar  aspect  and  ulnar  margin 

1   '  / 

a.  Deep  fascia  andr  cutaneous  nerves  piercing  it 

For  the  superficial  fascia  and  certain  cutaneous  nerves  of  the 

forearm,   see     Superior  Extremity,  V:2. 

BASCIA  OF  THIS  FORSARM-26:49 

PALMAR  CUTANEOUS  RAMUS  OF  THE  ULNAR  NERVE- 69: 56 

PALMAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  MEDIAN  NERVE-69:51 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  RADIAL  NERVE-69:71 

VOLAR  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-26:55 

_,  b.  Radial  artery, and  nerve 

Exposed  by  turning  aside  the  volar  ramus  of  the  medial  cutaneous 
nerve  of  the  forearm,  the  lateral  cutaneous  nerve  of  the  forearm, 
the  superficial  veins,   and  removing  the  deep  fascia  of  the  fore- 
arm except  where?  it  gives  origin  to  underlying  muscles. 
RADIAL  ARTERY-49:22 

RADIAL  RECURRENT  ARTERY-49:23 

SUPERFICIAL  VOLAR  RAMUS-49:26 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:24 

VOLARCCARPAL  RAMUS-49:25 
RADIAL  NERVE- 69: 65 

DEEP  RAMUS- 59: 69       Origin  only 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS- 69: 71 

c .  Superficial  muscles 

BRACHIORDIALIS  MUSCLE-26:17 
PALMARIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-26:7 
PRONATOR  TERES  MUSCLE-26:3 

HUMERAL  HEAD-26:4 

ULNAR  HEAD-26:5 

FLEXOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  MUSCLE-26:6 
FLEXOR  CARPI   ULNARIS  MUSCLE-26:8 


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SUPERIOR     EX1ERMITY  12 . 

HUMERAL  HEAD-26:9 
ULNAR  HEAD-26:10 
FLEXOR  DIGITORUM  SUBLIMIS-26:!! 
HUMERAL  HEAD-26-.12 
ULNAR  HEAD-26:13 

d.  Ulnar  vessels  and  median  nerve 
ULNAR  ARTERY-49 :3 6 

RECURRENT  ULNAR  ARTERIES-49:37 

CGUUQN .  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49 : 3  9 

VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49 :42        Origin  only. 
DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49 :40     Origin  only. 

VOLAR  CARPAL  RAMUS-49-.46' 

DORSAL  CARPAL  RAMUS-49:45 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:44 
ULNAR  VSINS-54:36 
ULNAR  NERVE- 69: 55 

PALMAR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-69:55 

DORSAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  KAND-69:57 

VOLAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  HAND-69:59       Origin  only. 

MUSCULAR  RAiviI-60:64 
MEDIAN  NERVE-69:48 

Exposed  by  reflecting  the  humeral  head  of  the  pronator  teres 

muscle  and  the  radial  head  of  the  flexor  digitorum  sublimis 

muscle. 

MUSCULAR  RAL3-69:49 

VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  NERVE  OF  THE  FOREARM-69:50     Origin  only. 

PALMAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  MEDIAN  NERVS-69:51       Origin  only. 

e .  Dqep  structures  on  the  volar . aspect,  of  the  forearm 
FLEXOR  DIGITORUM  PROFUMDUS  MUSCLE-26:14 

FEEXOR  POLLICIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-26:15 
PRONftTOR  QUADRATUS  MUSCLE-26:16 

VOLAR  II-JTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49 :43 

MEDIAN  ARTERY-49 :43 
MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:44 
VOLAR  INTEaOSSEOUS  NERVE-69:50 

VI.  Wrist  and  jjand:   Volar  Aspect 

1.     Surface  anatomy 

THENAR  EMINEi'lCE-5:32 

HYPOTHENAR  Eifl!ENCE-5:33 

TUBERCLE  OF  THE  NAVICULAR  BONE-14:54 

TUBERCLE  OF  THE  GREATER  MULTANGULAR  BONE-14:59 

PISIFORM  BCNE-14:57 

IviETACARPAL  BOISE -14: 68 

PHALANGES -14: 74 

2 «     Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves 

S'kin  incioions:   a)   longitudinally  along  the  middle  line  of  the 

palm;  b)  transversely  at  the  level  of  the  proximal  ends  of  the 

inter'iigital  clefts  from  the  radial  to  the  ulna*  margin  of  the 

hand;   c)  longitudinally  along  the  middle  line  of  each  digit. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

PALMARIS  BRZVIS  &USCLE-26:29 

PALMAR  BRANCH  OF  THE  MEDIAN  NERVE-69;51 


'  - '  • 


... 
'  ..-.'. 

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..    .       .. ;...         .    'j  .  • 
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SUPERIOR    EXTREMITY  13. 

PALMAR  CUTANEOUS  BRANCH  OF  THE  ULNAR  NERVE-69:56 
SUPERFICIAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  RADIAL  NERVE-69:71 
PALMAR  APONEUROSIS-26:52 

TRANSVERSE  FASICULI-26:53 
VOLAR  CARPAL  LIGAMEl!T-26:55 

3.     Muscles,   nerves,   vessels  and  ligaments 

a.  Nerves  and  vessels  superficial  to  the  muscles  and  ftexor  tendons 

of  the  palm. 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  proxinal  part  of  the  palmar  aponeuroeis 
transversely,  reflecting  it  distally  and  then  removing  the  entire 
aponeurosis  together  with  the  palmaris  brevis  muscle  and  the 
volar  carpal  ligament. 
SUPERFICIAL  VOLAR  ARCH-49:48 

SUPERFICIAL  VOLAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  RADIAL  ARTERY-49:26 
COMMON  VOLAR  DIGITAL  ARTERIES-49:49 

P^CPSJl  VCLAR iDIGITALl AR7^?>I7S^9: 50 
MEDIAN  NERV£-69:43 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-69:49 

COMMON  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERV£S-69:53 

PROPER  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERVES- 69: 54 
VOLAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  ULNAR  NERVE  IN  THE  HAND-69:59 

DEEP  RAMUS- 69: 63          Origin  only. 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMU5-69:eo 

COMMON  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERVES-69:61 
PROPER  VOLAR  DIGITAL  NERVES-69:62 

b.  Ligaments  and  mucous  sheaths  of  the   flexor  tendons 
TRANSVERSE  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-26:54 

VAGINA  TENDINUM  MM.  FLEXORUM  COMMUNIUM-28:48 
VAGINA  TENDINIS  M.  FLEXORIS  POLLICIS  LONGI-28:49 
VA6INAL  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  DIGITS-26:59 

ANNULAR  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  DIGITS-26:60 

CRUCIATE  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  DIGITS-26:61 
VINCULUM  TENDINUM-26:57 
CARPAL  CANAL-20:24 
CHIASMA  TBiTOINUM-26:56 

c.  Muscles 

LUMBRICALES  MUSCLBS-26:37 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  superficial  volar  arch  just  distal 
tto  the  deep  ramus  of  the  ulnar  artery  and  also  at  its 
junction  with  the  superficial  volar  ramus  of  the  radial 
artery  and  reflecting  the  arch  distally,  dividing  the  median 
nerve  «stthe  level  of  the  wrist  and  reflecting  it  distally, 
and  dividing  the  flexor  digitorum  sublimis  muscle  at  the 
middle  of  the  forearm  and  reflecting  the  distal  part  toward 
its  insertion. 

The  demonstration  of  the  following  structures  may  be  completed  by 
dividing  the  flexor  digitorum  profundus  in  the  forearm  and  reflect-* 
ting  it  and  the  lumbricales  muscles  toward  their  insertions, 
noting  at  the  same  time  the  musculdr  rami  from  the  deep  branch  of 
the  ulnar  nerve  to  the  two  (ulnar)  lumbrical  muscles. 
ABDUCTOR  POLLICBS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-26:30 
OPPONENS  POLLICIS  MUSCLE-26:32 
ADDUCTOR  POLLIS  MUSCLE 


.  .  .  . . 


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.-.-       -. .    '. 


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SUPERIOR     EXTREMITY  14. 

ADDUCTOR  POLLICIS  I.:UBGLS-26:33 
ABDUCTOR  DIGITI   QUINTI  ;.iU£CL3-26:3<- 
FLSXCR  DIGIT!   ^UINTI  BRSVIS  I.IjSCLE-26:35 
OPPONBIJ5  DIGITI   QUIKTI  HUSCLE-26:36 

d.  Nerves  and  vessels,   internal  to  the   flexor  tendons  and  muscles 

of  tne  pain. 
D3.EF  RAi:US   OF  THE  ULNAR  HERVE-69:63 

MUSCULAR  RAMI- 69 : 64 
DEEP   VOLAR  ARCH-49:33 

VOLAR  ;.GTACARPAL  ARTERIES -49: 34 

PERFORATING  RAMI-49:35 
PRINCEPS  POLLICIS  ARTSRY-49:31 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  adductor  pollicis  muscle  at 
its  origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its  insertion. 
VOLAR  RADIAL  ARTERY  C?  THE  INDEX  DJGIT-49:32 

VII,.  LTojrearia;   Dorsal  Aspect  and  Radial  Margin 
1.     Fascia,   muscles,   nerves  and  vessels 

a.  Deep   fascia  of   forearm 

F»r  the  superficial  fascia,   cutaneouo  nerves  and  superficial 
vessels,   see  Superior  Extremity,   V:2« 
FASCIA  OR  FOREARLi-26:49 
DORSAL  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-2S:51 

b.  Superficial  muscles 

Exposed  by  removing  the  deep  fascia  fron  the  dorsum  of  the  fore- 
aria,   except  where  it  gives  origin  to  subjacent  muscles  as  in  the 
region  of  tne  elbow  (retaining  intact,  ho',7ever,   the  dorsal  carpal 
ligament) . 

BRACHIORADIALIS  MUSCLE-2.6:17 
EXTENSOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  LONGU5  MUSCLE-26:18 
EXTENSOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-26:19 

BURSA  OF  THE  EXTENSOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-28:43 
EXCENS OR  DIGITORUI.!  COffiUNIS  MUSCLE-26:20 
EXTENSOR  DIGITI   QUINTI  PROPRIUS  MUSCLE-26:22 
ANCONAEUS  MU5CLE-26:! 
EXTENSOR  CARPI   ULKARIS  KUSCLE-26:23 

c._  Nerves  and  vessels 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  extensor  digitorun  communis  and  extensor 
digiti  quinti  muscles  at  the  middle  of  the  forearm,  and  reflecting 
the  proxiaal  and  distal  segments  of  tho  divided  muscles  toward 
their  origin  and  insertion,   respectively. 
DORSAL  IliTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49:40 

RECURRENT  INTEROSSEOUS  ARTERY-49:41 
ARTERIAL  NETWORK  OF  THE  ELBO?.r-49:38 
VOLAR  IMTERCSSEOUS  ARTERY-49:42 
DEEP  RAMUS   OF  THE  RADIAL  MERVE-69:69 
DORSAL  INTZROSSEOU5  NER\E-69:7C 

d.  Deep  muscles 

ABDUCTOR  POLLICIS  LOMGUS  !,IUSCLE-26:25 


- 


• 


SUPERIOR  EXTREIvHTY  15. 


EXTENSOR  POLLICIS  BREVIS  MUECLE-26:26 
EXTENSOR  POLLICIS  LONGU5  MUSCLB-26:27 
EXTENSOR  INDICIS  PROPRIUS  MUSCLE -2 5:28 
S  UPINATOR  MUSCLE-2  6:24 


VIII.     Wrist  and  Hand:   DorsaJ..  Aspect 

l_v  _  Muscles,    nerves  and  vessels 

a.»  Vessels 

For  the  cutaneous  nerves  and  superficial  vessels  see  Superior 
Extremity,  V:6. 
RADIAL  ART3RY-49:22 

DORSAL  CARPAL  RAMUS-49:27 
DORSAL  CARPAL  RETE-i9:28 
DORSAL  METACARPAL  ARTERI2S-49:29 
DORSAL  DIGITAL  ART3RIES-49:30 
PERFORATING  RAliI-49:35 

b.  Muscles,   nerves  and  licgimenta 
DORSAL  CARPAL  LIGAMSNT-26:51 
JUNCTURAB  TENDINUM-26:21 
DORSAL  IMTEROSSEOUS   i^ERVE-69:70 

TRANSTORSE  LIGAM3NTS  OF  THE  HEADS  OF  THE  METACARPAL  BONES-20:41 
VOLAR  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-26:39 
DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-26:38 
FLEXOR  POLLICIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-26:31         Deep  head. 

Demonstrated  by  reflecting  the  radial  head  of  the  first 

dorsal  interosseous  muscle. 
FLEXOR  CARPI  RADIALIS  MUSCLE-26:6 

IX .     Artie ulationg  of  the  Superior  Extremity 

1.  Shoulder   1oint-19;58 

ARTICUAR  CAPSULE-19:59 
CORACOHIMERAL  LIGAI^ENT-1 9 : 61 
GLENOID  LIP-19:60 

LONG  HEAD  OF  THE  BICEPS  MUSCLE-25:70 
SYNOVIAL  MEMBRANE-IS :32 
INTERTUBERCULAR  MUCOUS  SHEATH-25:71 
BURSA  SUBSCAPULARIS-28:28 

2.  Elbow  .ioint~19:62 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:66 
ULNAR  COLLATERAL  LIGAMENT-19:67 
RADIAL  COLLATERAL  LIGAMENT-19:68 
SYNOVIAL  mffiRANE-18:32 
HUfffiROULNAR  ARTICULATION-1 9 : 63 
HUMERORADIAL  ARTICULATION-19:64 

3.  Joint  of  the  hand-2Q:8 

a.  Radiocarpal  articulation-2Q:9 
ARTICULAR  CAPS ULE-2 0:11 
DORSAL  RADIOCARPAL  LIGAMSNT-20-.12 


. ,    . . 


SUPERIOR    EXTREMITY  16. 

VOLAR  RADIOCARPAL  LIGAMSNT-20:13 
ULNAR  COLLATERAL  CARPAL  LIGAlEi;T-20:15 
RADIAL  COLLATERAL  CARPAL  LIGAL3HT-20:16 

b.  Intercarpal  articulation-2Q:10 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-20:11 
RADIATE  CARPAL  LIGAMENT-? * : 14 
DORSAL  INTERCARPAL  LIGAMENTS-20:17 
VOLAR  INTERCARPAL  LIGAMENTS-20;18 
INTEROSSEOUS  INTERCARPAL  LIGAMENTS-20:19 

4.  Pisiform  ar tic ulation-2 0:20 

ARTICULAR  CAPS ULE-2 0:21 
PISOHAMATE  LIGAMENT-20:22 
PISOMETACARPAL  LIGAMENT-20:33 
CARPAL  CANAL-20:24 

5.  Radioulnar  articulations 

PROXIMAL  RADIOULNAR  ARTICULATION-19:65 

ANNULAR  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  RADIUS-19:69 

RECESSUS  SACCIFCRMIS-20:! 
DISTAL  RADIOULNAR  ARTICULATION-20:4 

ARTICULAR  DISC-20:6 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE -2 0:5 

RECESSUS  SACCIFORMIS-20:7 
INTEROSSEOUS  MEMBRANE  OF  FOREARM-20:2 
OBLIQUE  CORD-20:3 

6.  Carpometacarpal  articulation8-20:25 

ARTICULAR  CAPS ULES-2 0:32 
DORSAL  CARPOMETACARPAL  LIGAMENTS -20:2 7 
VOLAR  CARPOMETACARPAL  LIGAMENTS-20:28 
CARPOMETACARPAL  ARTICULATION  OF  THE  THUMB-20:29 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-20:30 

7.  Intermetacarpal  articulations-20:31 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-20:32 
DORSAL  BASAL  LIGAMENTS-20:33 
VOLAR  BASAL  LIGAMENTS-20:34 
INTEROSSEOUS  BASAL  LIGAMENTS-20:35 

8.  Metacarpophalangeal  articulations-20:37 

ARTICULAR  CAPS ULES-2 0:3 8 

COLLATERAL  ]LIGAMENTS-20:39 

VOLAR  ACCESSORY  LIGAMENTS-20:40 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  HEADS  OF  THE  METACARPAL  BONES-20:41 

9.  Articulations  of  the  diffit8-20;42 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULSS-20:43 
COLLATERAL  LIGAMENTS -2 0:44 


•    '•. 

.  • "  • 

•  - .  • 


•  •  . '  • 

. 

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I-:.. -..,•; 

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• 


THORAX 


AND   DEEP   STRUCTURES   OF   THE   BACK 


THORAX  AND  DEEP  STRUCTURES  OF  THE  BACK  IV.. 

I .  General  Characteristics^ 

1.  Subdivisions  of  thorax  and  back 

THORAX-4:47 

THORACIC  CAVITY-4:48 

BR£AST-4:49 

MAMMA-4:50 

MAMMARY  PAPILLA-4:51 
BACK-4:52 

VERTEBRAL  COLUMN-4:53 

SPINAL  CANAL-4:54 

2.  Surf  ace  anatomy  .    ' 

For  the  surface  anatomy  of  the  thorax  and  back  see  Superior 
Extremity,  1:1  and  11:1. 

3.  General  osteological  characteristics  of  thorax 

THORACIC  CAVITY-S:58 

SUPERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  THORAX-7:59 

INFERBOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  THORAX-7 : 60 

COSTAL  ARCHES-7:61 

INTERCOSTAL  SPACES-7:62 

INFRASTERNAL  ANGLE-7:63 

4.  Regions  of  thorax*  and  back 

For  regions  of  the  thorax  and  back  refer  to  Superior  Extremity, 
1:2, and  11:2. 

II.  Thoracic  Wall:  Anterior  and  Lateral, Parts 
1.     Intercostal  muscles,   ligaments  and  nerves 

For  structures  of  the  thoracic  wall  external  to  the  costal  arches 
and  intercostal  muscles  see  Superior  Extremity,  11:3,  4, 
EXTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  MUSCLES-25:5 
EXTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  LIGAMENTS-19:32 
INTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  MUSCLES-25:6 

Exposed  ly  dividing  the  external  intercostal  muscles  and 

external  intercostal  ligaments  along  the  inferior  margins 

of  the  intercostal  spaces  and  reflecting  the  muscles  and 

ligaments  upward. 

INTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  LIGAMENTS-19:33 
ANTERIOR  RAMI   (INTERCOSTAL  NERVES)    OF  THORACIC  NERVES-70:! 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:2 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAM1-70:3 

POSTERIOR  AND  ANTERIOR  RAMI-70:4,    5 
LATERAL  MAMMARY  RAMl£70:6 

INTERCOSTOBRACHIAL  NERVES-70: 7 

ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-70:8 
iEDIAL  MAMMARY  RAMI«-70:9 


,          . 


: 


•  ...  .    .      ; 


' 


' 


- --'  •  ..-....-. 

-:•'''"•''  '       '        • 


THORAX 
Blood  Vessels 


HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ART£RY-43:63 
INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-43:59 
ANTERIOR  RAMI-49:65 

MUSCULAR  RAMI-49:66 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-49:67 
POSTERIOR  RAMI-49:68 
ANTERIOR  RAMI-50:l 
LATERAL  MAMMARY  RAMI-50:2 
ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-50:3 
MEDIAL  MAM4&RY  RAMI-50:4 

POSTERIOR  RAMI-49:60       See  also  Superior  Extremity,   1:3. 
INTERCOSTAL  VEINS-54:56 
INTEPJHffl,  M&MMARY  ARTERY-48:34 

Exposed  by  removing  the  intercostal  muscles  and  ligaments 
from  the  anterior  ends  of  the  intercostal  spaces,   guarding 
against  injury  to  the  pleura. 
STERNAL  RAMI-48:39 
PERFORATING  RAMI-48:40 
MAMMARY  RAM! -48: 41 
MUSCULAR  RAMI-48-.42 
CUTANEOUS  RAKI-48:43 
INTERCOSTAL  RAMI-44:45 
MUSCULOPHRENIC  ARTERY-44:46 

Exposed  by  cutting  away  the  medial  end  of  the  sixth 
costal  cartilage . 

SUPERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-44:47       Its  origin  only. 
INTERNAL  MAMMARY  VEIN-52:65 
TRANSVERSE  THORACIC  MUSCLE-25:8 

III. . Thoracic  Cavity  and  Viscera 
1.     Pleura  and  pleural  cavities 

The  pleura  is  exposed  by  removing  the  intercostal  muscles, 
separating  the  pleura  from  the  internal  surfaces  of  the  sternum 
and  ribs,  and  with  a  saw  and  bone-forceps,   removing  the  sternum 
and  costal  arches  by  the  following  incisions,  but  retaining  the 
pleura  intact?     a)  transversely  through  the  sternum  at  the  level 
of  the  lower  margin  of  the  first  costosternal   junction;  b)  trans- 
versely through  the  sternum  at  the  level  of  the  upper  margin  of 
the  sixth  costosternal   junction;  c)   dividing  the  second,  third, 
fourth,  and  fifth  ribs  at  the  junction  of  the  middle  and 
^posterior  thirds  of  each. 
ENDOTHORACIC  FASCIA-38:2 

The  pericardium  may  be  identified  by  inserting  the  finger  between 
the  lines  of  sternal  reflection  of  the  right  and  left  pleurae 
and  passing  it  through  the  areolar  tissue  of  the  anterior 
mediastinal  cavity. 

Incisions  through  the  pleura  exposing  the  pleural  cavity: 
a)  longitudinally  through  the  costal  pleura  midway  between  the 
sternum  and  vertebral  column  extending  from  the  first  to  the 
sixth  rib;  b)  transversely  along  the  inferior  margin  of  the  first 
rib  and  along  the  superior  margin  of  the  sixth  rib,  extending 


. 


THORAX 


19. 


medially  to  within  about  2  cm.   of  the  line  of  sternal  reflection 

the  pleura  and  laterally  to  the  line  of  the  cut  ends  of  the 
second  to  fifth  ribs. 
PULMONARY  LIGAMENT-38:16 
CUPULA  OF  PLEURA-38:5 
PULMONARY  PLEURA-38:6 
PARIETAL  PLEURA-38:7 

COSTAL  PLEURA-38:H> 
MEDIASTINAL  PLEURA-38:8 

MEDIASTINAL  LAYERS-38:9 
PERICARDIAL  PLEURA-38:1G 
DIAPHRAGMATIC  PLEURA-38:12 
PLEURAL  SINUSES-38:13 

PHRENICOCOSTAL  SINUS-38:14  ' 
COSTOMEDIASTINAL  SINUS-38:15 
ADIPOSE  FOLDS-38:17 

PLEURAL  VILLI-38:18 
MEDIASTINAL  SEPTUM-38:19 

ANTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  CAVITY-38:20 
POSTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  CAVITY-38:21 

2  .     Luns  . 

y  dividi°6  it8  ro°t  cloee  to  the 


a.  Surface  anatomy  of  lunge 
BASE  OF  LUNG-37:57 
APEX  OF  LUNG-37:58 
COSTAL  SURFACE-37:60 
MEDIASTINAL  SURFACE-37:61 
DIAPHRAGMATIC  SURFACE-37:62 
ANTERIOR  MARGIN-37:63 
INFERIOR  MARGIN-37:64 
HILUS  OF  LUNG-37:65 
ROOT  OF  LUNG-37:66 
SUBCLAVIAN  GROOVE-37:59 
INTERLOBAR  INCISURE-37:71 
SUPERIOR  LOBE-37:68 
MIDDLE  LOBE-37:69 
INFERIOR  LOBE-37:70 
8ARDIAC  NOTCH-37:67 

^  Internal  structure  of  lunga 

BRONCHI-37:41 


Demonstrated  by  tearing  and  removing  parts  of  the  pulmonary 

sue  and  following  the  bronchi  and  blood  vessels  and 
their  eubdivieions  as  far  as  possible  into  the  substance  of 
the  lung. 


BRONCHIOLES  -3  7  :  74 
RESPIRATORY  BRONCHIOLES-37:75 
ALVEOLAR  DUCTULES-37:76 
PULMONARY  ALVEOLI-37:77 
BRONCHIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-37:78 
BRONCHIAL  LYMPHATIC  NODULES-37'79 
PULMONARY  L'dMPH  GLANDS-37:80 


. 


. 


' 


THORAX  20. 

3 .  Root  of  lung  and  related  structures 

a.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  right  and  left  roots 
Anterior: 

ANTERIOR  PULMONARY  PLEXUS   OF  THE  VAGUS  NERVE-68:45 

PHRENIC  NERVE-69:21 

PERICARDIACOPHRENIC  ARTERY-48 : 3  8 
Posterior: 

VAGUS  NERVE-68:22 

POSTERIOR  PULMONARY  PLEXUS  OF  THE  VAGUS   NERVE-68:46 
Inferior: 

PULMONARY  LIGAMENT-SSae, 
In  relation  to  the  right  root  only: 

AZYGOS  VEIN- 54: 53 

SUPERIOR  VENA  CAVA-52:50 
In  relation  to  the  left  root  only: 

AORTIC  ARCH-46:49 

DESCENDING  AORTA-46:51 

b.  Structures  within  the  root  of  each  lung 
BRONCHIAL  ARTERIES-49:53 

PULMONARY  ARTERY-46:40 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  RAMI-46:41,   42 
PULMONARY  VEINS-52:37 

BRIGHT  AND  LEFT  PULMONARY  VEINS-52:38,   39 
BRONCHUS,   RIGHT  AND  LEFT-37:47 
BRONCHIAL  RAMI-37:48 

EPARTERIAL  BRONCHIAL  RAMUS-37:49 
HYPARTERIAL  BRONCHIAL  RAMI-37:50 
BRONCHIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:52 

4.  Phrenic  nerve  and  nerves  to  the  superficial  part  of  the  cardiac  plexus 

PHRENIC  NERVE-69:21 

PERICARDIAC  RAMUS-69:22 

PHRENICOABDOMINAL  RAMI-69:23 

Nerves  in  relation  to  t£e  superficial  part  of  the  cardiac  plexus: 
SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-7}:59       From  the  cervical  sympathetic. 
INFERIOR  CARDIAC  RAMUS-68:37       From  the  left  vagus  nerve. 
CARDIAC  GANGLION-72 :ll 

5.  Thymus-38:3l 


Usually  in  a  condition  of  atrophy  in  the  adult,  but  showing  the 
following  structures  in  the  child: 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  LOBES-38:32 
CENTRAL  TRACT-38:33 
LOBULES  OF  THE  THYMUS-38:34 


6.»  _..  Peridardiuia 


STERNOPERICARDIAL  LIGAMENTS-45:43 

Incisions  exposing  the  pericardial  cavity:  a)  longitudinally 

through  the  pericardium  from  the  aorta  to  the  diaphragm; 

b)  transversely  from  the  middle  of  the  right  to  the  qiiddle  of 

the  left  root  of  the  lung. 


: 


•  ••         •  ." 


THORAX  21. 

PERICARDIUM-45&41 

EPICARDIUM-45:45 

PERICARDIAL  FLUID-45;42 

TRANSVERSE  SINUS   OF  THE  PERICARDIUM-45:44 

~  —  Great  veins   of  the  thorax  and  their  tributaries 

SUPERIOR  VENA  CAVA-52:50 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  INNOMINATE  VEINS-  52:  51 

INFERIOR  THYRSOID  VEINS-52:52       Termination  only 

THYRSOIDEA  IMA  VEIN-  52:  53 

The  first  five  of  the  following  tributaries  are  snail 

and  usually  difficult  to  demonstrate: 

THYMIC  VEINS  -52:  56 

PERICARDIAC  VEINS-52:57 

SUPERIOR  PHRENIC  VEINS-52:58 

ANTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  VEINS-52:59 

ANTERIOR  BRONCHIAL  VEINS  -52:  60 

VERTEBRAL  WIN-  52:  63         Termination  only. 

INTERNAL  LiAlvL'ARY  VSIN-52:65 

HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  VEIN-  52:  68 
AZYGOS  VEIN-  54  :53 
INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA-55:3 

8.     Heart  and  aorta 

a.  Surface  anatomy 
APEX  OF  HEART-45:36 
STERNOCOSTAL  SURFACE-45:34 
DIAPHRAGMATIC  SURFACE-45:35 
RIGHT  ATRIUM-46:! 

RIGHT  AURICLE-46:7 
LEFT  ATPJUM-46:26 

LEFT  AURICLS-46:27 
RIGHT  VENTRICLE-46:13 
LEFT  VENTRICLE-46.-29 
CORONARY  SULCUS  -4  5  :  40 
ANTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  SULCUS-45:38 
POSTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  SULCUS-45'39 
NOTCH  AT  APEX  OF  HEART-45:37 

b.  Nerve  and  vascular  supply 

RIGHT  CORONARY  ARTERY  OF  THE  HEART-46'52 

POSTERIOR  DESCENDING  RAMUS-46:53 
LEFT  CORONARY  ARTERY  OF  THE  HSART-46:54 

CIRCUMFLEX  RAMUB-46:55 


GREAT  CARDIAC  VEIN-  52:42 

POSTERIOR  VEIN  OF  LEFT  VENTRICLE-  52  -43 

5BLIQUS  VEIN  OF  LEFT  ATRIUM-  52:44 

MIDDLE  CARDIAC  VEIN-  52:46 

SMALL  CARDIAC  VBIN-52:47 
AH3BRIOR  VEINS  OF  THE  HEART-52:48 
SMALLEST  VEINS   OF  THE  HEART-  52149 
ANTERIOR  CORONARY  PLEXUS-72'10 
POSTERIOR  CORONARY  PLEXUS-72:12 


•   • 


.:: 


':'>'    - 


• 
-•••'•'•' 


':' 


THORAX  22. 

Cavities   of  the  heart.     Pulmonary  vessels 
RIGHT  ATRIUM-46:!' 

Incisions  exposing  the  cavity  of  the  right  atrium: 

a)  longitudinally  frozn  a  point    just  anterior  to  the 

superior  vena  cava,   dov/nward  and  backward  to  the  inferior 

rena  cava;  b)    from  the  middle  point  of  the  preceding 

incision  obliquely  upward  to  the  tip  of  the  right  auricle. 

EPICARDIUM-45:45 

MYOCARDIUM-45:46 

ENDOCARDIUM-45:47 

SULCUS  TERMINALIS  OF  RIGHT  ATRIUK-46:3 

CRISTA  TERMINALIS-46:4 

SINUS   VENARUM     CARVARUM  -46:5 

PECTINATE  MUSCLES-46:2 

INTERVENOUS  TUBERCLE-46:8 

SEPTUM  OF  THE  ATRIA-45:54 

MEMBRANOUS  PART-45:55 
FOSSA  OVALIS-46:10 

LIMBUS  FOSSAE   OVALIS-46:6 
VALVE  OF  THE  INFERIOR  VENA  CAVA-46:9 
VALVE   OF  THE  CORONARY  SINUE-46:!! 
VENOUS   ORIFICE-45:56 

FORAMINA  OF  THE  SMALLEST  CARDIAC  VEINS-46:12 
RIGHT  VENTRICLE -4 6: 13 

Incisions  exposing  the  cavity  of  the  right  ventricle: 

a)   from  the  diaphragmatic  surface  of  the  heart  upward  •£  cm. 

to  the  right  of  and  parallel  with  the  anterior  longitudinal 

sulcus  to  the  origin  of  the  pulmonary  artery;  b)   from  the 

upper  end  of  the  preceding  incision  transversely  to  the 

right,   parallel  with  and  1  cm.  inferior  to  the  coronary 

aulcus. 

CONUS  ARTERIOSUS-46:19 

SUPRA VENTRICULAR  CREST-46:18 

VENOUS  ORIFICE-45:56 

TRICUSPID  VALVE-46:14 

ANTERIOR  CUSP-46:I5 
POSTERIOR  CUSP-46:16 
MEDIAL  CUSP-46:17 
PAPILLARY  MUSCLES-45:60 

CHORDAE  T3NDINAE-45:61 
TRABECULAE   CARNEAE-45:58 
PULMONARY  ARTERY-46:40 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  RAMUS-46:41,   42 

LIGAMENTUM  ARTERIOSUM-46:44 

DU6TUS  ARTERIOSUSx-46:43 
ARTERIAL  ORIFICE(pF  RIGHT  VENTRICLEJi-45:57 

SEMILUNAR  VALVES  OF  PULMONARY  ARTERY-46--20 

ANTERIOR,   RIGHT,   AND  LEFT  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46:21,23 
NODULES  OF  THE  SELilLUNAR  VALVES-46:24 
LUNULAE  OF  THE  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46:25 
LEFT  ATRIUI^-46:26 

The  cavity  and  vascular  communications  of  the  left  atrium  are 
exposed  by  dividing  the  inferior  vena  cavaj.  turning  the  heart 
upward  and  making  an  incision  through  the  left  atrial  wall 
extending  from  the  middle  of  its  posterior  margin  forward  to 
the  tip  of  the  left  auricle. 


.    -     , 

;  •        . 

. 


, 


'  '     '       ' 

'        - 


- 
• 


THORAX  23 . 

VALVE  OF  THE  FORAMEN  OVALIS-46:28 
LEFT  VENTRICLE-46:29 

Inciscions  exposing  the  cavity  of  the  left  ventricle: 
a)  beginning  near  tne  coronary  sulcus  anteriorly  and  extend- 
ing parallel  and  1  cm.  to  the  left  of  the  anterior  longituni&l 
sulcus  to  the  apex  of  the  heart;  b)  beginning  posteriorly  near 
the  coronary  sulcus  and  extending  parallel  and  1  cm.  to  the 
left  of  the  posterior  longitudinal  sulcus  and  joining  the 
end  of  the  first  incision  at  the  apex  of  the  heart» 
TRABECULAE   CARNEA£-45:58 
PAPILLARY  MUSCLES-45:60 
CHORDAE  TENDINEAE-45:61 
VENOUS  ORIFICE-45:56 
ARTERIAL  ORIFI CE-45 : 57 
BICUSPID  VALVE-46:30 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  CUSPS-46:31,   32 
VENTRICUIAR  SEPTUM-45:49 

MUSCULAR  SEPTUM  OF  VENTRICLE-45:50 

MEMBRANOUS  SEPTUM  OF  VENTRICLE-45:51 

d.  Aorta  and  its  branches 
ASCENDING  AORTA-46:46 

BULB  OF  AORTA-46:47 

SINUS   OF  AORTA-46:48 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  CORONARY  ARTERIES-46:52 ,    54 
AORTIC  ARCH-46:49 

ISTHMUS  OF  AORTA-46:50 

INNOLxINATE  ARTERY-4  6 : 57 

(THYREOIDEA  IMA  ARTERY] -46: 58 

COMMON  CAROTID  ARTERY  LLEFTJ -46: 59 

S  UBCLA VIAN  ARTERY  $ LEFT)  -48:20 

DESCENDING  AORTA  {THORACIC  PORTI 01^-46:51         Origin  only. 
SSMILUNAR  VALVES  OF  AORTA-46:33 

RIGHT,   LEFT  AND  POSTERIOR  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46:34-36 

NODULES  AND  LUNULAE  OF  THE  SEMILUNAR  VALVES-46:37.  38 

e.  Myocardium  and  fibrous  riBgs  of  the  heart 

The  subsequent  structures  are  exposed  to  better  advantage  after 
the  great  blood  vessels  have  been  divided  near  their  juncture 
with  the  heart  and  the  heart  removed. 
ATRIOVENTRICULAR  BUNDLE     OF  HIS 

Demonstrated  more  favorably  in  the  sheep's  heart. 
FIPROUS  RINGS-45:63 

Exposed  by  removing  the  atria  of -the  heart. 

FIBROUS  TRIGONES-45:62 

f .  Cardiac  plexus 

For  the  superficial  part  of  the  cardiac  plexus,   see    111:4. 

The   following  nerves  entering  into  the  formation  of  the  deep  part 

of  the  cardiac  plexus  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  aortic  arch  at 

its   junction  with  the  descending  aorta  and  turning  aside  the 

aortic  arch. 

MIDDLE  CARDIAC  NSRVE  OF  SYMPATHETIC  SYSTEIi-71:61 

IltfFERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE  OF  SYMPATHETIC  SYSTEM- 71: 64 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVES   OF  VAGU5-68:34 

(DEPRESSOR;  NSRvs)-s8:35 

INFERIOR  CARDIAC  RAMI   OF  THE  RECURRENT  NERVE-68:37 


•     • 


THORAX  24. 

9.  Trachea  and  bronchi 

BRONCHIAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:52 
TRACHEA-37:41 

BIFURCATION  OF  THE  TRACHEA-37:46 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  BRONCHI-37:47 
BRONCHOESOPHAGEAL  MUSCLED :  72 

10.  Posterior  mediastinal  cavity  and  structures  within  it 

POSTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  CAVITY-38:21 

The  following  structures  are  exposed,  so  far  as  they  are  in 

relation  to  the  posterior  mediastinal  cavity,   by  making  a 

longitudinal  incision  through  the  posterior  wall  of  the 

pericardial  cavity  and  reflecting  the  pericardium. 

VAGUS   NERVE- 68: 32 

RECURRENT  NERVE- 68:3 6 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  BRONCHIAL  RAMI-68:43,   44 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  PULMONARY  PLEXUSES-68:45.  46 
Cf.  Thorax,   111:3. 
OESOPHAG-EAL  RAMI-68;47      . 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  OESOPHAGEAL  PLEXUSES- 68:48,   49 
THORACIC  PART  OF  OESOPHAGUS-32 : 68 
THORACIC  AORTA- 59: 51 

VISCERAL  RAMI-49:52 

BRONCHIAL  ARTERIES -4 9: 53 
OESOPHAGEAL  ARTERIES -4 9: 54 
PERICARDIAC  RAM -49: 55 
PARIETAL  RAMI-49:56 

MEDIASTINAL  RAMI-49:57 
SUPERIOR  PHRENIC  ARTERIES-49: 58 
INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49: 59 
THORACIC  DUCT-56:25 
POSTERIOR  MEDIASTINAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:54 

IV »     Thoracic  Wall:     Posterior  Part 


1.  Thoracic  part  of  the  sympathetic  nervous  system 

Exposed  by  removing  the  parietal  pleura  from  the  posterior  part 
of  the  thoracic  wall, 

SYMPATHETIC  TRUNK-71:30 
THORACIC  CANGLIA-72:2 

RAMI  COMMUNICANTES-68:72 
GREAT  SPLANCHNIC  NERVE-72:3 

SPLANCHNIC  GANGLION- 72: 4 
SMALL  SPLANCHNIC  NERVS-72:5 
(LOWEST  SPLANCHNIC  NERVE) -72: 7 

2.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  internal  surface  of  the  posterior 

fhoracic  v;all 

SUBCOSTAL  MUSCLES-25:7     Not  c-onstant  in  degree  of  development. 

INTERNAL  INTERCOSTAL  MUSCLES-25:6 
INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49: 59 
HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERY-48:63 
INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:! 


: 


i 


- 


' 

., 

•    - 


.'  ;/  \ 


. 
•  •  . 


. 


THORAX  25. 

INTERCOSTAL  VEINS-54:56 
AZYGOS  VEIN- 54: 53 

HEMIAZYGOS  VEIN- 54: 54 

The  following  veins  are  variable  in  their  relationship  and 

degree  of  development: 

ACCESSORY  HEMIAZYGOS  VEIN- 54: 55 

OESCPHAGEAL  VEINS-54:59 

POSTERIOR  BRONCHIAL  VEINS-54:60 


V.  Deep  Structures  of  the  Back 

1.  Posterior  serrati  muscles  and  the  lurabodorsal  fascia 

For  the  muscles  and  related  structures  external  to  the  posterior 

serrati  muscles,  see  Superior  Extremity,  1-3,  4. 

For  the  structures  of  the  back  of  the  neck  see  Head  and  Neck, 

IV:2-4. 

SERRATUS  POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-23:22 

SERRATUS  POSTERIOR  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-23:21 

LUMBODORSAL  FASCIA-24:5 

A  longitudinal  incision  through  its  posterior  layer  and  a 
medial  displacement  of  the  subjacent  sacrospinalis  muscle 
exposes  its(  a#^r,fPfpfaye-r'     A  longitudinal  incision  through 
this  anterior/ layer  close  to  its  attachment  to  the  tips  of 
the  transverse  processes  and  a  medial  displacement  of  the 
lateral  margin  of  the  subjacent  quadratus  lumborum  muscle 
exposes  the  transversalis  fascia. 

2.  Intrinsic  muscles  of  the  back.^- 

For  the  corresponding  muscles  of  the  neck  see  Head  and  Neck,  IV:3. 
SACROSPINALIS  MUSCLE-23 :25 

ILIOCOSTALIS  MUSCLE-23:26 

Demonstrated  by  successive  lateral  eversions  of  its 
inferior,  middle  and  superior  subdivisions,   guarding 
the  nerves  and  vessels  emerging  between  the  iliocostalis 
and  the  longissimus  dorsi  muscles. 
ILIOCOSTALIS  LUMBORUM  MUSCLE-23:27 
ILIOCOSTALIS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23;28 

ILIOCOSTALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23 :29         Origin  only. 
LONGISSIMUS  MUSCLE-23 :30 

LONGISSIMUS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23 :31 

LONGISSIMUS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23 :32         Origin  only. 
LONGISSIMUS  CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23 :44       Thoracic  origin  only. 
SPINALIS  MUSCLE-23 :45 

SPIRUIS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23  :46 
SEMISPINALIS  MUSCLE-23 :49 

Exposed  by  removing  the  spinalis  dorsi  muscle  and  reflecting 
the  longissimus  dorsi  muscle  laterally. 
SEM3&3IHALIS  DORSI  MUSCLE-23: 50 

SEMISPINALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23: 51       Thoracic  portion  only. 
MULTIFIDUS  MUSCLE-23: 53 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  semispinalis  muscle  at  its 

insertion  and  reflecting  it  laterally. 

•*•  Many  of"  the  structures   indicated  in  sections  2  to  6  may  also 
be  demonstrated  as  exposed  in  a  cross  section  of  the  posterior 
thoracic  wall  made  at  about  the  level  of  the  fourth  thoracic 


•''•'. 


•   •  '  • 


'-'  '. 


.  •     .    .  . 


..'•'•.' 

.     •..  . 


THORAX  26. 

ROTATORES  MUSCLE-23 :54 

Exposed  by  removing  the  multifidus  nuscle,    guarding  against 
injury  to  thoracic  and  lunbar  nerves  and  vessels. 
ROTATGRES  LONGI  IJUSCLE-23  :55 
ROTATORES  BREVES  LiUSCLBS-23  :56 

The  following  muscles  are  not  as  well  developed  in  the  back  as 

in  the  neck: 

INTERSPIUALIS  IJUSCLES-23  :57 

INTERTRANSVERII  MUSCLES-23 : 58 

INTERTRANSVERSARII  MEDIALES  MUSCLES-23  :60 
INTERTRANSVERSARII  LATERALES  MUSCLES-23  : 59 

3.  Nerves  and  blood  vessels 

POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  THORACIC  NERVES-69:75 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-69:76 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI-69:77 
POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  LUMBAR  NERVES-70:12 

MEDIAL  RAMUS-70:13 

LATERAL  RAMUG-70:14 

•  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  SACRAL  A1ID  COCCYGSAL  NERVES-70:18 
POSTERIOR  KAMI   OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:60 

MUSCULAR  RAMI -49: 62 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RA13-49:63 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI -4 9: 64 

DORSAL  RAM   OF  THE  HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERY-48:64 
DORSAL  RAMUS   OF  LUMBAR  ARTERIES -50: 10 
DORSAL  RAMUS   OF  INTERCOSTAL  VEINS- 54: 57 

The  lumbar  veins  also  have  dorsal  tributaries   from  the  back 
comparable  to  the  dorsal  rani  of  the  lunbar  arteries. 

4.  Vertebral   canal:     blood-vessels  and  menin^es 

The  contents  of  the  vertebral  canal  are  exposed  by  cutting 

through  the  laminae  of  the  vertebral  arches  close  to  the 

articular  processes,  dividing  the  ligamentua  flava  and  removing 

the  posterior  wall  of  the  vertebral  canal. 

LIGAJffiNTA  FLAVA-18:40 

SUPRASPINOUS  LIGAi3NT-18:44 

INTERSPINOUS  LIGAMENTS-18:43 

Arteries  supplying  the  vertebral  column: 

SPINAL  RAMUS  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:61 

SPINAL  RAMUS  OF  LUMBAR  ARTSRIES-50:11 
CAVUI.I  EPIDURALE-65:42 
DURA  MATER  SPINALI3-65:40 

EILUIvI  DURAE  MATRIS  SPINALIS-65:41 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  making  a  median  incision 
through  the  dura,    guarding  against  injury  to  the  subjacent 
arachnoidea . 
CAVUM  SUBDDRALE-65:43 
PIA  HATER  SPINALIS-65:54 
ARACHNOIDEA  SPIMALIS-65:44 
CAVUM  3UBARACKj:OIDEALE-65:46 
UGAJSENTUSi  D3NTICULATUM-65 : 55 


THORAX  27. 

5.  Spinal  cord:  nerves,  blood  vessels  and  surface  anatomy 

For  the  cervical  part  of  the  spinal  cord  see  Head  and  Neck,  IX:4, 

a>  Spinal  nerves 

THORACIC  lffiRVES-69:74 

LUMBAH  K33VS3-70:lO 

SACRAL  NERVES-70:17 

COCCYGEAL  NSRVES-70:17 

CAUDA  EQUINA-68:74 

ANTERIOR  ROOT- 68: 67 

POSTERIOR  ROOT- 68: 68 

FILIA  RADICULARIA-68:66 

SPINAL  GANGLION-68:69 

ANTERIOR  RAMUS-68-.70 

POSTERIOR  RAMVS - 68 : 71 

RAMUS  kEKXNGKUB-68:73  Difficult  to  demonstrate'. 

In  demonstrating  the  remaining  structures  of  the  spinal  cord, 

the  spinal  nerve  trunks  are  cut,   the  cord  divided  transversely 

at  about  the  level  of  the  first  thoracic  vertebra,  and  the  cord, 

and  its  membranes  removed  from  the  vertebral  canal. 

b.  Blood  vessels  of  the  spinal  cord.  Usually  difficult  to 
demonstrate. 

SPINAL  RAMI  OF  POSTERIOR  RAMI   OF  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES -49: 61 

SPINAL  RAMI  OF  LUMBAR  ARTERIES-50:11 

SPINAL  RAliUS  OF  ILIOLUMBAR  ARTERY- 50: 60 

SPINAL  RAMI  OF  LATERAL  SACRAL  ARTERY- 50: 63 

INTERNAL  SPINAL  VEINS-55:2 

POSTERIOR  EXTERNAL  SPINAL  ?EINS-55:1 

ANTERIOR  EXTERNAL  SPIJIAL  VEINS-54:70 

INTERVERTEBRAL  VEINS-54:69 

c.  Surface  anatomy  of  the  spinal  cord 
THORACIC  PART-58:23 

LUMBAR  PART- 58:24 

LUMBAR  ENLARGEMENT-58:25 
MEDULLARY  CONE- 58*2 6 

VENTRICULUS  TERMINALIS-58:28 
FILUM  TERMINALE-5Bi27 
ANTERIOR  MEDIAN  FISSURE- 58:2 9 
POSTERIOR  MEDIAN  SULCUS-58:30 
ANTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS-58:31 
POSTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS-58:32 
POSTERIOR  INTERldEDIATE  SULCUS- 58:33 

(ANTERIOR  INTERMEDIATE  suLCus)-58:34 

FUNICULI  OF  THE  SPINAL  CORD-58:45 
ANTERIOR  FUNICULUS-58:36 
LATERAL  FUNICULUS-58:37 
POSTERIOR  FUNICULUS-58:38 

6.  Spinal  cord:   internal   structure.^ 

Demonstrated  by  making  transverse  sections  through  the  spinal 
cord  at  various  levels,, and  in  some  instances  requiring  ths 
aid  of  a  hand  Ions. 


THORAX  28, 

a.  Gray  matter 
CENTRAL  CANAL- 58:40 
CENTRAL  GRAY  MATTER- 58: 41 
ANTERIOR  GRAY  COMMISSURE- 58: 43 
POSTERIOR  COMMISSUR3-58:44 
GRAY  COLUMNS-58:45 

ANTERIOR  COLUMN-48:46 
LATERAL  COLUMN- 58: 47 

RETICULAR  FORMATION- 58: 53 
POSTERIOR  COLUMN-58:48 

NECK  OF  POSTERIOR  COLUMN- 58:49 

APEX  OF  POSTERIOR  COLUMN-58:50 

GELATINOUS  SUBSTANCE-58:51 

b.  White  matter 

ANTERIOR  WHITE  COMMISSURE-58~..42 
ANTERIOR  FUNICULUS-58:54 

ANTERIOR  CEKEBROSPINAL  OR  PYRAMIDAL  FASICULUS-58:55 
LATERAL  FUNICULUS-59:2 

LATERAL  CEREBROSPINAL  OR  PYRAMIDAL  FA£ICULUS-59:3 

CEREBELLOSPINAL  FASICULUS-59:4 
POSTERIOR  FUNICULUS-59:7 

FASICULUS  GRACILIS-59:8 

FASICULUS  CUNEATUS-59:9 


VI.     Articulations   of  the  thorax 

1.  Sternocostal  articulatjLons-19:25 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:26 

INTERARTICULAR  STERNOCOSTAL  LIGAMSNT-19:27 

RADIATE  STERNOCOSTAL  LIGAMENTS-19:28 

MEMBRANE  OF  STERN(M-19:29 

COSTOXIPHOID  LIGAMENTS-19:30 

INTERCHONDRAL  ARTICULATIONS-19:34 

2.  Synchondrosis  sternalis-7:49 

3.  Costovertebral  articulations-19:12 

a.  Capitular  articulations-19:l3 
AP.TIGULAR  CAPSULES-19:14 

RADIATE  LIGAMENT  OF  HEAD  OF  RIB-19:15   • 
INTERARTICULAR  LIGAMENT  OF  HEAD  OF  RIB-19:16 

b.  Coc to transverse  articulation8-19;17 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-19:18 
LIGAMENT  OF  TUBERCLE  OF  RIB-19:19 
LIGAMENT  OF  NECK  OF  RIB-19:20 
ANTERIOR  COSTOTRANSVERSS  LIGAMSNT-19:21 
POSTERIOR  COSTOTRANSVERSE  LIGAfiENT-19:22 
LUfffiOCOSTAL  LIGAI-ffiNT-1 9:23 
COSTOTRANSVERSE  FORAMEN-19:24 


THORAX  29. 

4.  Articulations  of  the  vertebral  column 

For  the  ligaments  in  relation  to  the  vertebral  arches,,  see 

Thorax,  V:4. 

ANTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  L!GAIiENT-13:4S 

POSTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  LIGAM5;JT-18:47 

INTERVERTEBRAL  FIBROCARTILAGES-1S:37 

The   following  structures  nay  be  demonstrated  by  dividing  the 

thorax  at  about  the  level   of  the  fourth  thoracic  intervertebral 

disc,   and  making  incisions   through  the  disc: 

ANNULUS  FIBROSUS-18:38 

NUCLEUS  PUPi:USUS-18:39 


HEAD       AND       NECK 


30* 


I.  Structures  in  Relation  to  the  Scalp  and  Temporal  Region 

1.  General,  characteristics  of  cranium 

a.  Subdivisions   of   cranium 
CRANIUM-4:7 

VERTEX-4:8 
SIXI?UT-4:9 

FOR3HEAD-4:10 
OCCIPUr-4:ll 
TSI<.'iPLES-4:12 
EAR-4:13 

AURICLSS-4M4 

b.  Regions  of  head-82:l 
FRONTAL  RSGIOrI-82:2 
SUPRAORBITAL  REGION-C2:3 
PARIETAL  REGION-82:4 
OCCIPITAL  REGION-82:5 
TEMPORAL  R3GION-82:6 
AURICULAR  REGION-82:? 
TiASTOID  REGION-82:8 

2.  Scalp  and  temporal  regions:  Superficial  blood  vessels  and  nerves 

a.  Frontal  region 

Inciscions  for  skin  reflection:  a)  median  longitudinal  from  the 

glabella  to  the  external   occipital  protuberance;  to)   frontal  over 

the  vertex  from  the  right  to  the  left  mastoid  processes;   ( 

c)    from  a  point  on  the  latter  incision  just  above  the  ear,  down- 

ward and  slightly  anteriorly  to.  the  root  of  the  zygona. 

SUPRATROCHLEAR  NSRVE-  66:22 

SUPRAORBITAL  KERVE-66:20 

FRONTAL  ARTERY-48:12 

SUPRAORBITAL  ARTSRY-48:5 

ANGULAR  VEIN-  53:  71 

b.  Temporal   region 

TE^'iPORAL  BRANCHES  OF  FACIAL  NERVE-  67:  58 
AURICULOTSlviPORAL  i^RVS-67  :16 

ZYGOMATICOTEIiPORAL  BR,UJCH  OF  ZYGO.MATIC  NERVE-  66:41 
SUPERFICIAL  TEMPORAL  ARTBRY-47:36 

FRONTAL  RAMUS-47  :42 

PARIETAL  RAL1]3-47:43 
SUPERFICIAL  TE;iviPORAL  VEINS-  54:  7 

c.  Mastoid  and  occipital  regions 
POSTERIOR  AUFJCULAR  NSRVE-67:52 

OCCIPITAL  RAMUS^-eTiSS 

POSTERIOR  RAMUS   OF  GRSAT  AURICULAR  NERVEXX-69:12 
LESSER  OCCIPITAL  HERVE-69:10 
GREAT  OCCIPITAL  NSRVE-  69:  6 
POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  ARTERY-47:29 
OCCIPITAL  ARTERY-47:22 


HEAD     AliD     JSCK  31. 

POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  VEIN-54-J-21 
OCCIPITAL  VEIN-  54:20 

3.  Scalp:     Peeper  structures 

a.  Muscles 

EPICRANIUS  MU£CLE-24:8 

FRONTAL  MUSCLE-24:9 

PROCE  RUS  MUS  CLE  -2  4  :  11 
OCCIPITALIS  MUSCLE-24:10 

AURICULARIS  ANTERIOR  MUSCLE-24:20 

AURICULARIS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-24:21 

AURICULARIS  POSTERIOR  MUSCLE-2&:22 

GALEA  APONEUROTICA  -24:  42 

PERICRANIUM-12:16 

Exposed  by  dividing  the   galea  aponeurotica  by  two  incisions, 
about  4  cm.  in  length,   intersecting  each  other  at  right 
angles  at  the  vertex  and  reflecting  tne  flaps,  identifying  at 
the  same  time  the  loose  areolar  connective  tissue  external 
to  it. 

b.  Lymphatics 

OCCIPITAL  LUMPH  GLANDS-56:35 
POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  GLANDS-56:36 
ANTERIOR  AURICULAR  GLANDS-56:37 

4.  .Auricle  or  external  ear 

LOBULE  OF  THE  AURICLE-78:33 

TRAGUS-78:46 

INCISURA  INTERTRAGICA-78:49 

INCISURA  ANTERIOR-78:4» 

CONCKA  OF  AURICLE-78:43 

CYMBA   OF  CONCHA-78:44 
CAFITY  OF  CONCHA-78:45 
HELIX-78:35  / 

CRUS  HELICIS*X-78:36 

SPINA  HELICISXX-78:37 

CAUDA  HELICI5XX-78:38 
ANTHELIX-78:39 


FOSSA  TRIANGULARIS>'-x-78  :  40 
(Tuberculum  auriculae)xx-78:50 
FOSSA  ANTHELIXXX-78:59 

EMINENTIA  CONCHAEXX_78:  60 

EMINEIWIA  SCAPHAEXX-78:61 

EMINENTIA  FOSSAE  TRIAMGULARISXX_78:62 

The  muscles  and  ligaments  of  the  external  ear-78:67-74-  are 

exposed  by  removing  the  skin  from  the  auricle. 

II.     Intracranial  structures  in  relation  to  the  brain  and  cranial  wall 


1.     Structures,  exposed  by  the  removal  of  the  calvaria 

The  calvaria  may  be  removed  by:  a)  mking  a  median  longitudinal 
incision  through  the   galea  aponeurotica  and  pericranium,    extending 
from  the  glabella  to  the  external  occipital  protuberance,  and  reflec* 
ting  the  two  flaps  laterally  to  the  level  of  the  temporal  lines; 


. 


•• 


HSAD  AND  NECK  32. 

b)  detacning  the  temporal  muscle  and  temporal  fascia  from  the 
bone  and  completing  the  reflection  of  the  galea  aponeurotica, 
pericranium,  temporal  fascia  and  muscle  downward  to  the  level 
of  the  ears;  d)  with  K.  sav/  making  a  cut  along  the  largest  hori- 
zontal circumference  of  the  cranium  passing  just  superior  to 
the  glabella  anteriorly  and  a  little  above  the  external  occipital 
protuberance  posteriorly,  oawing  through  the  outer  table  of  the 
skull  only;  e)  with  a  mallet  and  chisel  splitting  the  inner  table 
of  the  bone  along  the  line  of  the  preceding  cut,  inserting  a  hock 
into  the  cut  in  front  and  forcibly  wrenching  off  the  skull  cap. 
DURA  MATER  OF  THE  BRAIrt-65:33 
MIDDLE  IvENINGEAL  ARTERY-47 : 50 
ARACHNOIDSAL  GRANULATIONS- 6 5 : 53 

The  following  structures  are  exposed:  a)  by  making  two  sagittal 
incisions  through  the  dura  cater,  one  on  each  side  of  the  super- 
ior sagittal  sinus,  along  its  entire  length  anteriorly  and 
pposteriorly;  b)  from  the  middle  of  each  of  the  preceding  inci- 
sions, cutting  lateralv.te.rd  through  the  dura  cater  down  to  the 
cut  mrgins  of  the  skull  and  reflecting  the  four  flaps  of  the 
dura  mater. 
SUBDFR/'lCAVE-65:43 
ARACHNOID  OF  THE  BRAIN- 65:45 
PIA  KATER  OF  THE  BRAIN- 65: 67 
VENAE  CER5ERI-53:41 
SUPERIOR  SAGITTAL  SINUS- 53: 19 

Its  interior  nay  be  exposed  by  an  incision  extending 

throughout  its  entire  length. 
FLLX  CEKEBRI-65:34 

2.  ^Structures  exposed  by  the  removal  tsTf  the  brain 

a.  Roots  of  cerebral  nerves 

As  preliminary  to  the  removal  of  the  brain  the  roots  of  the 
cerebral  nerves  r.ay  be  exposed  by:  a)  detaching  the  falx  cere'gri 
from  the  crista  galli  and  pulling  it  backward;  -b)  raising  the 
frontal  lobes  of  the  brain  from  the  floor  of  the  cranium 
(facilitated  by  letting  the  head  hang  back-.vard  over  a  head  block) 
and  detaching  the  olfactory  bulbs  from  the  lamina  cribrosa  of 
the  ethmoid  bone  and  thus  at  the  same  time  severing  the  olfactory 
nerves^  c)  dividing  (preferably  with  a  scissors)  the  optic  nerves, 
internal  carotid  arteries,  infundibuluroy oculomotor  nerves  and 
the  trochlear  nerves  (the  latter  being  found  in  relation  to  the 
free  margin  of  the  tentorium  cerebelli) ;  d)  exposing  the  tentor- 
ium  from  the  middle  cranial  fossae,  dividing  the  tentorium  along 
ita  attachment  to  the  superior  angle  of  the  temporal  bone  on 
each  side;  and  e)  identifying  and  dividing  in  succession  the 
following  cerebral  nerves: 
TRIGEMINAL  NERVE- 56 : 11 
ABDUCENT  NERVE- 67:46 
FACIAL  NE8VE-67:47 
ACOUSTIC  NERVS-67:65 
GLOSS OPHARYNGBAL  HERVE-68:8 
VAGUS  NERV2-68:22 
ACCESSORY  NERVE -68: 57 
HY50GLOSGAL  NERVE- 68: 60 


- 


.      • 


, 


HEAD     AND;    NECK  33. 

f)   The  detachment  of  the  brain  may  then  be  completed  by  dividing 
the  vertebral  arteries  and  spinal  cord   just  below  the  level   of  the 
f oramenimagnura  and  removing  the   organ. 

Note:     A  second  method  for  the  removal  of  the  brain  which 
may  be  adopted  at  stage    (d)   in  the  above  procedure  is  to  displace 
the  temporal  lobes   of  the  cerebrum,    dividing  the  midbrain,   remov- 
ing the  cerebrum  and  studying  the  structures  tnus  exposed  within 
the  base  of  the  cranium.     Next  dividing  the  tentorium  along  its 
attached  border,   studying  the  exposed  surface   of  the  cerebellum 
and  then  proceeding  as  in  stages    (e)  and   (f).     The  former  method 
is  the  one  usually  adopted  in  an  autopsy;  the  latter  method  is 
perhaps  more  instructive  although  it  does  not  leave  the  brain 
intact. 

b.  General  structural  characteristics   of  the  exposed  base   of  the 

cranium  and   related  dura  mater. 

The   following  structures  may  be  identified  by  inspection: 
ANTERIOR,   MIDDLE  AND  POSTERIOR  CRANIAL  FOSSAE-12 :29-31 
CRISTA  GALLI-10:38 

SMALL  'JTING  OF  THE  SPHENOID  BONE- 8: 41 
ANTERIOR  CLINOID  PROCSSS-8:44 
OPTHALMIC  ARTSRY-47:70 
POSTERIOR  CLIIIOID  PROCSSS-8:31 
DIAPHRAGM  SELLAE-65:37 
CISTERNA  INTERPEDUNCULARIS-65:51 
FALX  CEREBELLUM-65:36 
GREAT  CEREBRAL  VEINS-53:48 
BASILIAR  VEIN- 53: 51 

The   foramina  transmitting  the  cerebral  nerves  may  be  demonstrated 
in  a  skeletal  preparation  of  the  skull. 

c.  Sinuses   of  the  dura  mater-53:l3 

In  opening  and  demonstrating  the  following  sinuses,   the  dura 
should  be  left  in  situ  in  the  floor  of  the  cranium. 
TRANSVERSE  SINUS-53:14 

CONFLUENCE  OF  THE  SINUSES-53 :15 
OCCIPITAL  SINUS- 53: 17 
SUPERIOR  SAGITTAL  SINUS-53:19 
INFERIOR  SAGITTAL  SINUS-53:20 
STRAIGHT  SINUS-53:21 
INFERIOR  PETROSAL  SINUS-53:22 
SUPERIOR  PETROSAL  SINUS-53:23 
CAVERNOSUS  SINUS-53:24       Its  walls  and  contents  should  be  left 

intact. 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  INTERCAVERNOSUS  SINUSES-53 : 2 5-2 6 
CIRCULAR  SINUS-53:28 
SPHSNOPARIETAL  SINUS-53:28 
BASILAR  PLEXUS- 53: 18 
DIPLOIC  VEINS-53:34-37 
EMISSARY  VEINS-53 :34-37 

d .  Arteries 

Tne  cut  ends  of  the  following  arteries  may  be  identified  by 
inspection  of  the  floor  of  the  cranium  and  the  base  of  the  brain, 
and  their  osseous  relations  in  the  cranium  demonstrated  in  a 
skeletal  preparation  of  the  skull. 


HEAD  AND  NECK  34. 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:68 
VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21 
MIDDLE  MENIiJGEAL  ARTSRY-47:50 

e.  Hypofrhysis-62 :30 

Isolated  for  study  by  detaching  the  diaphragraa  sellae  and 
removing  the  hypophysis  from  the  sella  turcica. 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  L03E3-62:31,  32 

The  relations  of  its  lobes  may  be  further  examined  by  divid- 
ing the  hypophysis  in  the  sagittal  plane. 

To  retain  the  structure  in  the  floor  of  the  cranium  for  later 
study  the  cranial  cavity  nay  be  filled  with  tow  or  gauze 
soaked  with  preservative  fluid,  the  calvarium  replaced  and 
the  scalp  flaps  stitched  in  position  over  it. 

III.  Structures  in  the  lateral  and  anterior  regions  of  the  neck 

1.  Surface  anatomy 

HYOID  BONE-12:10 

GREATER  CORNUA-12 :13 
LARYNGEAL  PROMINENCE-3 6:19 
THYREOID  CARTILAGE-36:21 
CRICOID  CARTILAGE-36:35 
TRACHEA-37:41 

CAROTID  TUBERCLE  OF  THE   6th  CERVICAL  VERTEBRA-6:42 
JUGULAR  NOTCH-7:54 
CLAVICLE-13 : 59 

MANDI3LS-ll:60       Its  inferior  margin. 
MASTOID  PROCESS-8:78 
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  MUSCLE-24:55 

2.  Regions  of  the  neck 

ANTERIOR  REGIONS  OF  THE  NECK-82:24 

SUBMENTAL  RSGION-82:25 

HYOID  REGION-82:26 

SUBHYOID  REGION-82:27 

LARYNGEAL  REGI 011-82  :2 8 

THYREOID  REGION-82:29 

SUPRASTERNAL  REGI ON- 82: 30 
JUGULAR  FOSSA-82:31 

SUBMAXILLARY  REGI  ON- 82  :32 

CAROTID. FOSSA-82 :33 
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  REGION-82:34 

EESSER  SUPRACLAVICULAR  DOSSA-82:35 
LATERAL  REGIONS   OF  THE  NECK-82:36 

LARGER  SUPR&SLAVICULAR  FOSSA-32:37 

OMOCLAVICULAR  TRIANGLE- 82 :3 8 
POSTERIOR  REGIONS  OF  THE  NECK-82:39 

NUCHAL  REGION-82:40 

3.  Superficial   fascia,   platysma.   veins  and  cutaneous  nerves 

Incisions  for  skin  reflection:  a)  in  the  middle  line  from  the  chin 
to  the  nanubrium;  b)  from  the  middle  of  the  superior  margin  of  the 
manubriujT;  obliquely  upward  and  backward  along  the 


..:     -•  ,       '•      ,.  --      .. 

»  .  . 

.     '..   '. 


HDAD   AND   NECK  35. 

mastoid  muscle  to  the  mastoid  process;  c)  from  the  middle  of  the 

superior  margin  of  the  manubrium  laterally  along  the  clavicle  to 

the  acr onion. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

PLATYSMA  MUSCLE-24 : 54 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  reflecting  the  platysna 

upward : 

EXTERNAL  JUGULAR  VEIN- 54:19 

POSTERIOR  AURICULAR  VEIN-54:21 

ANTERIOR  JUGULAR  VEIN- 54:22 
SUPERFICIAL  CERVICAL  LYIviPH  GLANDS-56:41 
LESSER  OCCIPITAL  NERVE-69:10 
GREAT  AURICULAR  NERVE-69:!! 
CUTANEOUS   IERVE   OF  THE  NECK-69J.14 

SUPERIOR  RAMI-69:15 

INFERIOR  RAMI-69:16 
SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:17 

ANTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:18 

MIDDLE  SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69:19 

POSTERIOR  SUPRACLAVICULAR  i'ERVES- 69:20 
CERVICAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  FACIAL  NERVE-67:62 

4.  Cervical  fascia  and  sternocleidomastoid  muscle 

CERVICAL  FASCIA-24:70 

The  various  subdivisions  and  certain  deeper  relations  of 
the  fascia   can  as  yet  not  be  completely  exposed.     In  the 
region  of  the  sternum  the  superficial  or  investing  layer  of 
the  cervical  fascia  divides  into  two  layers  and  encloses  a 
suprasternal  space   (sometimes  called  the  space  of  Burns)  which 
may  be  exposed  by  making  a  transverse  incision  through  the 
fascia  immediately  above  the  sternum  and  a  second  incision 
about  2  cm.  in  length  along  the  anterior  border  of  each 
sternocleidomastoid  muscle,   reflecting  the  fascial  flap  up- 
wards and  demonstrating  the  areolar  tissue,    content  of  the 
space  and  the  lo^er  parts  of  the  anterior   jugular  veins  and 
their  anastomoses. 

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  I.1USCLE-24: 55 

5.  Posterior  triangle   of  the  neck. 

The  following  contents   of  the  posterior  triangle   of  the  neck 
are  exposed  by  carefully  removing  the  cervical  fascia,   noting 
its  relations  to  the  omohyoid  muscle  and  the  chain  of  deep 
cervical  lymph  glands  along  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
sternocleidomastoid  muscle  and  confining  the  dissection  to 
the  triangle  and  its  too  subdivisions. 

a.  Occipital  triangle 

OCCIPITAL  ARTERY-47-.22 

TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:67 

OCCIPITAL  VSIN- 54:20 

TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  VEINS-54:28 

SUPRACLAVICULAR  NERVES-69: 17-20 

ACCESSORY  NSRVE-68:57 

MUSCULAR  RAKE  OF  THE  CERVICAL  NERVES  TO  THE  TRAPEZIUS  AND  LEVATOR 

SCAPULAE  MUSCLES. 

vpp  rtrRvmT    T  VMDI.* 


HEAD     AND     NECK  36. 

b.  Supraclavicular  triangle 

This   triangle   has  also  been  designated  the   subfclavius   triangle. 

Cf.  omoclavicular  trie;one-82'-38. 

IHFERIOR  BELLY  OF  THE  OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-34:59 

PREVERTEBRAL  FASCIA-24:71 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  removing  the  prevertebral 

fascia. 

TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:67 

TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-48:60       Slightly  inferior  to  the  level 

of  the  triangle,   strictly  speaking. 

SUBCLAVIAN  ARTERY-48:20       Its  third  part. 

EXTERNAL  JUGULAR  VEII;-54:19 

ANTERIOR  JUGULAR  VEIN-  54:  22 

TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  VEINS-54:28 

TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  VEIN-  54:2  5 

SUBCLAVIAN  VEIN-  54:2  6       Slightly  inferior  to  the  level   of  the 

triangle,   strictly  speaking. 

INFERIOR  DEEP  CERVICAL  LYMPH  GLANDS-  5  6:43 

c.  Supraclavicular  part  of  the  brachial  plexus-69:25 
POSTERIOR  THORACIC  NERVES  -69:2  6 

DORSAL  SCAPULAR  NERVE-69:27 

LONG  THORACIC  NERVE-69:28 
ANTERIOR  THORACIC  NERVES-69:29 
SUBCLAVIAN  N3RVE-69:30 
SUPRASCAPULAR  NERVE-69:31 
THORACODORSAL  NERVE-69:33 
AXILLARY  N£RVE-69:34 

d«  Muscles  in  floor  of  posterior  triangle 
SPLENDIUS   CAPITIS  MUSCLS-23:24 
LEVATOR  SCAPULAE  ItfUSCLE-23  :20 
SCALENUS  MEDIUS   >:USCLE-24:67 
SCALENUS  POSTERIOR  lviUSCLE-24:68 

6.     Anterior  triangle 

The   following  structures  should  be  dissected  with  reference  to 
both  their  continuity  throughout  the  anterior  triangle  as  a  whole 
as  well  as  their  relations  to  its  three  subdivisions   (the 
submaxillary,    carotid  and  muscular  triangles),   removing  at  the 
same  time  the  cervical   fascia  but  guarding  against  injury  to 
nerves  . 

a.  Submaxillarv  or  digastric  triangle 

The   following  structures  may  be  identified  with  very  little  if 

any  dissection: 

SUBMAXILLARY  LYEPH  GLANDS-56:38 

SUBMAXILLARY  GLAND-3l:ll 

EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47:13 

S  UBMENTAL  ARTERYxx-47  :  1  6 

MYLOHYOID  RAMUS   OF  THE  INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY  xx-47:48 
ANTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN-53:70 
LINGUAL  VEIN'™-  53:  6 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVS-68:60 


MYLOHYOID  MUS  CLE  -2  4  :  51 
HYOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32  :3 


HEAD  AND  NECK  37. 

By  making  a  short  vertical  slit  in  the  Jpyoglossus  muscle 
between  the  hypoglossal  nerve  and  the  tendon  of  the  digastric 
muscle  the  lingual  artery  may  be  exposed  at  a  point  where  it 
is  frequently  ligated. 

b.  Carotid  triangle 

COMMON  CAROTID  ARTERY-46: 59 

In  determining  the  relations   of  the  carotid  artery  to  the  carotid 
sheath  of  the  cervical  fascia  it  will  be  observed  that  throughout 
the  greater  part  of  their  course  the  structures  within  the  carotid 
sheath  together  with  cervical  part  of  the  sympathetic  nerve  trunk 
are  strictly  speaking  internal  to  the  sternocleidomastoid  muscle 
rather  than  within  the  carotid  triangle,  and  that  their  exposure 
consequently  involves  a  lateral  retraction  of  this  muscle. 
EXTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-46 : 60 

SUPERIOR  THYREOID  ARTERY-46: 61 
HYOID  RAMUS -46: 62 
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID  RAMUS-46-:63 
SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  ARTERY-46: 64 

LINGUAL  ARTERY-47:8 

EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47:13 

STBRNOCLEIDOMASTCID  ARTERY-47:21 

OCCIPITAL  ARTERY-47:22 

ASCENDING  PHARYNGEAL  ARTERY-47:4 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:68 
INTERNAL  JUGULAR  VEIN- 52: 69 

LINGUAL  VEIN- 53: 6 

(SUPERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS )-53: 10 
COMMON  FACIAL  VEIN-53:69 

ANTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN- 53:70 ' 

POSTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN-54:6 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE- 68: 60 

DESCENDING  RAMUS- 68 : 61 

ANSA  HYPOGLOSSI-68:62 

THYREOHYOID  RAMUS-68:63 

ACCESSORY  NERVE-68:57       Its  external  ramus-68:59 
VAGUS  NERVE-68:22 

SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:30 
EXTERNAL  RAMUS-68:31 
INTERNAL  RAMUS-68:32 
CERVICAL  PART  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC  TRUNK- 71:34 

SUPERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLION-71:35 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVES-»71:45 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS-7J:46 
SUPERIOR  DEEP  CERVICAL  LEMPH  GLANDS- 56: 42 
LARYNX-36:18       Identified  without  dissection. 
PHARYNX-32:29     Identified  without  dissection. 
GLOMUS   CAROTICUM-38:30 

c.  Muscular  triangle 
STERNOHYOI D  MUS  CLE -2  4 : 5  6 
STERNOTHREOID  MUSCLE-24:60 

. NERVES  TO  THE  STERNOTHYREOID  AND  STERNOHYOID  MUSCLES 
EXTERNAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:31 
RECURRENT  NERVE -65; 3 6 
The  following  structures  are  identified  without  dissection: 


LARYKX-36:18 

TRACHEA-37:41 
THYREOID  GLAHD-38:22 
OESOPHAGUS-32:66 

7.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  anterior  median  line  of  the  neck 

Note  the  relations  of  the  following  structures  to  the  muscular 
triangle  with  very  little,  if  any,  dissection: 

a.  Suprahyoid  region 

PLATYSMA  MUSCLE -2 4: 54         Already  exposed,  111:3. 

SUPERFICIAL  F£SCIA-23:36 

ANTERIOR  AIJD  POSTERIOR  BELLES  OF  THE  DIGASTRIC  MUSCLES-24:48,   49, 

The  subraental  triangle  and  its  contents  are  situated  between 

them. 
MYLOHYOID  MUSCL3S-24:51         Separated  by  a  raphe. 

b,  Infrahvoid  region 
HYOTHYKEOID  HEMBEAtffl-36:34 

THYREOID  CARTILAG2-36:2l 

CRICOTHYRSGID  LIGAoENT-35:45 

CRICOID  CARTILAGE-36-.35 

C3UCOTHYREOID  IvIUSCLES-36:78 

TRACHEA-37:41 

ISTHMUS  OF  THYREOID  GLAND-38:23 

(PYRAMIDAL  LOBE  OF  THYREOID-  GLAND)-38-.24 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS- 52: 52 

8.  Muscles  of  the  neck:   second  and  thrid  layers 

aijZGASTRIC  MUSCLE-24:47 
STYLOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:50 
OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:57 
STERNOHYOID  IJUSCLE-24:56 
STERNOTHYREOID  MUSCLS-24:60 
THYREOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:61 

9;     Sternoclavicular  articulation-19:52 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  sternal  and  clavicular  heads  of  the 
sternocleidomastoid  muscle  and  reflecting  the  muscle  toward  its 
insertion. 

STERNOCLAVICULAR  LIGA&ENT-19:55 
INTERCLA VICULAR  LIGAMENT-1 9 : 57 
COSTOCLAVICULAR  LIGALffiNT-19:56 
ARTICULAR  GAPSULS-19:53 
ARTICULAR  DISC-19:54 

10.  Root  of  the  neck 

a.  Muscles 

ANTERIOR  SCALENE  MUSCLE-24:66 
MIDDLE  SCALENE  MUSCLE-24:67 
POSTERIOR  SCALENE  MUSCLE-24:68 

b.  Blood  vessels  and  lymphatics 

Many  of  the  following  structures  have  already  been  partly  exposed 
in  preceding  dissections  and  are  here  relisted  with  more  especial 


HEA3     AND     NECK  39. 

reference  to  their  relations  to  the  root  of  the  neck. 

SUBCLAVIAN  ARTERY-48:20 

VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21 
INTERNAL  MALMARY  ARTERY-48:34 
THYREOCERVICAL  TRUNK-48:48 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  ARTERY-49:49 
ASCENDING  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:55 
SUPERFICIAL  CERVLSIiL  ARTERY-48:59 
TRANSVERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTERY-48:60 
COSTOCERVICAL  TRUMK-48 : 62 

HIGHEST  INTERCOSTAL  ARTERY-48:63 
DEEP  CERVICAL  ARTSRY-48:66 
TRANSVERSE   CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:67 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  INNOMINATE  VEINS- 52: 51 
IHFERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS-52:52 
INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  VEIN-52:55 
LOWEST  THYREOID  VEIN- 52:  53 
UNPAIRED  THYREOID  PLEXUS-52:54 
VERTEBRAL  VEIN- 52: 63 

DEEP  CERVICAL  VEIN301 -52: 64 
INTERNAL  JUGULAR  VEIN- 52: 69 

INFERIOR  BULB  OF  THE   JUGULAR  VEIN-52:70 
SUBCLAVIAN  VEIN-54:26 

THORACOACROMIAL  VEIN-54:27 
TRANSVERSE   CERVICAL  VEINS-54:28 
THORACIC  DUCT-56C25 
RIGHT  LYMPHATIC  DUCT-56:24 

c ,  Nerves 


PHRENIC  NERVE-69:21 

VAGUS   NERVE-68:22 

CERVICAL  SYMPATHETIC  TRUHK-7l:34         Its  lower  part. 

MIDDLE  CERVICAL  GANGLION- 71: 60 

INFERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLION-71 : 62 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:59 

MIDDLE  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:61 

INFERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:64 

ANSA  SUBCLAVIA-71:63 

d.  Remaining  structures  at  the  root  of  neck 
Structures  identified  without  dissection. 
SUMMIT  OF  PLEURA-38:5 
TRACHEA-37:41 
OESCPHAGUS-32:66 

11.  Cervical  plexus  and  viscera  of   the  .peak 

CERVICAL  PLEXUS-69:9 

The  following  organs  should  be  left  in  situ  for  later  reference: 
THYROID  GLAND-38:22 
ISTHMUS-38:23 

(PYRAMIDAL  LOBE)-38:24 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  LOBES-38:25   ' 

(ACCESSORY  THYRSOID  GLANDS)-38:28  .     Also  designated 

parathyreoid  glands. 
TRACHEA-37:41 


•  -.-  .   i 


:  ...     .. 


. 


.         •• 


HEAD     AND     NECK  40. 


TRACHEAL  CARTILAGES -3 7: 42 
MEMBRANOUS  WALL-37:44 
CERVICAL  PART  OF  OESOPHAGUS-32 : 67 


IV.     Ba ck  of  the  head  and  neck 
1.     Regions   of  the  back  of  the  head  and  neck 

PARIETAL  REGION-82:4 
OCCIPITAL  REGION-82:5 
POSTERIOR  REGION  OF  THE  NECK-82:39 
NUCHAL  REGION-82:40 

FOVEA  NUCHAE-83:! 

2-     Fascia,   superficial  nerves  and  vessels 

Incisions   for  skin  reflection:  a)   from  the  external  occipital 

protuberance  to  the  spine   of  the  vertebra  prominens;  b)    from  the 

spine   of  the  vertebra  prominens  laterally  on  each  side  to  the 

medial  border  of  the  acrornion;  c)    from  the  external  occipital 

protuberance  laterally  on  each  side   for  about  B  era. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23  :3 6 

GREAT  OCCIPITAL  NERYE-69:6 

SMALL  OCCIPITAL  N3RVE-69:10 

OCCIPITAL  VEIN- 54:20 

(THIRD  OCCIPITAL  NERVE) -69: 7 

POSTERIOR  KAMI   OF  CERVICAL  NERVES  IV-VIII-69:2 

POSTERIOR  RALOJS   OF  GREAT  AURICULAR  NERVE-69:12 

The  following  structures  nay  be  exposed  in  the  suboccipital 

triangle : 

FIR35T2CERVICAL  NERVE-69 :1 

VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21          Its  third  part. 

3.     Muscles  in  relation  to  the  back  of  the  neck 

TRAPEZIUS  MUSCLE-23:15         Its  cervical  part  only. 

LEVATOR  SCAPULAE  irfUSCLE-23  :20 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  trapezius  muscle  at  its  origin  from 

the  superior  nuchal  line  and  external  occipital  protuberance, 

and  cutting  through  the  muscle  about  1  cm,  from  the  cervical 

vertebral   spines  and  reflecting  the  cervical  part  of  the 

muscle  laterally,    guarding  against  injury  to  underlying 

structures . 

The   following  structures  are  either  internal  to  the  levator 

scapulae  muscle  or  in  relation  to  the  superior  imrgin  of  the 

scapula. 

DESCENDING  RAMU5  OF  THE  TRANSVERSE  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:69 

DORSAL  SCAPULAR  NERVE-69 :27 

INFERIOR  BELLY  OF  OMOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:59 

TRANS-VERSE  SCAPULAR  ARTSRY-48:60 

SUPRASCAPULAR  NERVE- 69: 31 

RHOMBOIDEUS  MffiNOR  MUSCLE-23 :19         Its   origin  only. 

In  demonstrating  the  following  structures  the  rhomboideus  minor 

muscle  should  be  detached  at  its  origin  and  reflected  laterally. 

FASCIA  NUCHSS-24:6 

LIGAMENTUBI  NUCHAE-18:45 

SERRATUS  POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-23:22 


-  . 
-  , 


.  -  .  •    . 


HEAD  A1ID  1ECK  41. 

In  demonstrating  the  follov/ing  tv;o  nuscles  the  serratus  posterior 

superior  ;.:uscle  snouli  be  detached  at  its  origin  and  reflected 

laterally. 

6PLENIUS   CAPITIS  I..USCLS-23  :24 

SFLEHIUS  CSRVICIS  i.lUSCLE-23:23 

The   follovn.ng  muscles  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  attachments  of 

the  splenius  capitis  and  splenius  cervicis  muec2ss  close  to  the 

spines   of  the  vertebrae  and  reflecting  the  muscles. 

ILIOCOSTALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23:29 

LONGISSIMUS   CAPITIS  MU5CLE-23:44 

SPINALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23>:47 

SPINALIS  CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23:48 

In  demonstrating  the  following  tv/o  muscles  the  longissimus  capitis 

should  be  detached  at  its   origin  and  reflected  toward  its 

insertion. 

SEMISPINALIS  CERVICIS  MUSCLE-23:51 

SEMISPINALIS  CAPITIS  MUSCLE-23:52 

MULTIFIDUS  MUSCLE-23:53 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  semispinalis  capitis  muscle  from  the 

transverse  processes  of  the  cervical  vertebrae  and  reflecting 

the  muscle  toward  its  insertion.     Guard  the  vessels  and 

nerves  internal  to  the  muscle . 
ROTATERSS  MUSCLES-23:54 

Exposed  by  removing  the  multifidus  muscle. 

ROTATERES   LONGI  MUCLES-23 :56 

ROTATERSS  BREVES  MUSCLES-23 :57 
INTERSPINALES  MUSCLBS-23:58 
RECTOS  CAPITIS  POSTERIOR  MAJOR  MUSCLE-23:64 
RECTUS  CAPITIS   POSTERIOR  MINOR  MUSCLE-24:! 
OBLIQUUS  CAPITIS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE-24 :3 
OBLIQUUS  CAPITIS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-24 :4 

The  follo\?ing  structures  are  in  relation  to  the  suboccipital  space 
or  triangle  formed  by  rectus  capitis  posterior  major  and  the 
oblique  capitis  superior  and  inferior  muscles. 
SUBOCCIPITAL  NERVE-69:5.       Its  posterior  ramus . 
VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21  Its  third  part  only. 

POSTERIOR  ARCH  OF  ATLAS- 6: 69 

4.     Deeper  blood  vessels  and  nerves   of  the  back  of  the  neck 

For  the  more  superficial  vessels  and  nerves  see  I:2c. 
OCCIPITAL  ARTERY-47:22 

MU6CULAR  RAKIX^-47:S5 

RAMS  D3SCENDEK^xx-47:26 

MASTOID  RAMUS xx-47: 23 

AURICULAR  RAMUSxx-47:24 

OCCIPITAL  RAMIxx-47:28 
ASCENDING  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:55 
DEEP  CERVICAL  ARTERY-48:66 
OCCIPITAL  V3IN-54:20 

1.3ASTOID  EMISSARY  VEIN-53:35 
DEEP  CERVICAL  VEIN- 52: 64 
POSTERIOR  RAlil   OF  CERVICAL  NERVSS-69:2 

MEDIAL  RAM- 69: 3 

LATERAL  RAM- 69: 4 


HE5D     AND     NECK  42, 

V.  Face  and  frontal  region  of  the  head 
1»     Surface  anatomy 

GLAB3LLA-10:21 

SUPRAORBITAL  MARGIN  OF  FRONTAL  BONE-10:9 

INFRORBITAL  MARGIN  OF  AXILLARY  BOiE-10:74 

ZYGOMATIC  ARCH-12  :40 

TEMPORAL  FOSSA-12:39 

RAMU3   OF  THE  iviANDIBLE-ll:72 

BODY  OF  THE  IOANDIBLE-11 : 61 

FOSSA  RETRCMANDIBULARIS-82:22 

NOSE-4:23 

DORSUM-4:24 

APEX-4:25 

ALA-4:26 

SEPTUM-35:39 

NARSS-35:37 
MOUTH-4:27 

SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  LIPS-4:30,   31 

RIMA  ORIS-4:32 

AI1GLE  OF  THE  MOUTH-30:38 

NASOLABIAL  SULCUS-4:28 

CHESK-4:36 

CHIN-4:38 

HENTOLABIAL  SULCUS-4:37 
EYE-4:16 

SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  EYELIDS-4: 17,   18,    75:12,   13 

RIMA  PALPEBRARUM-4:19,    75:16 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  PALPEBRAL  COMMISSURES-75:17,   18 
ANGULUS  OCULI  J.ffiDIALIS  AND  LATERALIS-75:19,   20 
BULBUS   OCULI -4:20 
INFRAPALPEBRAL  SULCUS-4:22 
SUPERCILIUIvI-4:21 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  PALPEBRAL  SURFACES-75:15,   15 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  PALPEBRAL  MARGINS-75:21,   22 
TARSAL  GLANDS-75:27         Their  openings  only. 

SEBUM  PALPEBRALE-75:28 
TUNICA  CONJUNCTIVE  PALPEBRARUM-75:35 
TUNICA  CONJUNCTIVE  OCULI-75:34 

FORMIX  CONJUNCTIVE  SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR-75:36,   37 
LACUS   LACRI!'iALIS-75:47 
CARUNCULA  LACRIMALIS-7 5:33 
PLICA  SEIvIILUNARES   CONJUNCTIVAE-75:32 
PAPILLA  LACRIMALIS-7 5: 50 
PUNCTA  LACRIMLIA-75:48 
DUCTUS  LACRIMALES-75:49 

2.     Regions  of  the  face-82:9-St 

NASAL  REGION-82 :10 

ORAL  REGION-82 :11 

SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  LABIAL  REGIONS - 82 : 16.  17 

MENTAL  REGION-82 :14 

ORBITAL  REGION-82 :15 

SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  PALPEBRAL  REGIONS-82 :16,    17. 

INFRAORBITAL  REGION-82 :18 


HEAD     AIJD     NECK  43. 


INFRAORBITAL  REGION-82:20 
BUCCAL  REGION-82:19 
ZYGOMATIC  REGION-82  :20 
PATROTIDSOLIASSETERIC  REGION-S2  :21 
RETROMANDIBULAR  FOSSA-82:22 


3  .     Fascia  and  parotid 

Inciscions   for  skin  reflection:  a)   median  longitudinal  from  the 
forehead  to  the  tip  of  the  chin;  b)    from  the  anterior  median 
line  transversely  at  the  level  of  the  rima  palpebrarum,   encirc- 
ling the  P^S,  and  extending  posteriorly  to  the  ear;  c)   trans- 
versely from  the  angle   of  the  mouth  to  the  posterior  border  of 
the  rainus   of  the  mandible. 
PAROTID  GLAND-31:13 

Exposed  by  removing  the  parotideomasseteric   fascia. 

RETROMANDIBULAR  PROCESS  -3  1  :  14 

ACCESSORY  PAROTID  GLAKD-31:15 

PAROTI3  DUCT-31:16 

4.     Superficial,  nerves   of  the   face 

ANTERIOR  RAWS   OF  THE  GREAT  AURICULAR  NERVE**  -69:  13 

Branches   of  the   facial  nerve: 

Exposed  by  carefully  removing  the   parotid  gland,   a  part  at 
a  time.     The  exit  of  the   facial  nerve   from  the  s^ylomastoid 
foramen  is  exposed  by  cutting  away  (with  saw  and  chisel)   the 
free  projecting  part  of  ihe  mastoid  process,    guarding 
against  injury  to  the  posterior  auricular  nerve. 
.     PAROTID  PLEXUS-67:57 
TEMPORAL  RAMI-67:58 
ZYGOMATIC  RAMI-67:59 
BUCCAL  RAMI-67:60 
MARGINAL  MANDIBULAR  RAMUS-67:61 
DIGASTRIC  RAMUS-67:54 

STYLOHYOID  RAMUS-67:55 

Branches  of  the   opthalmic  division  of  the  trigeminal  nerve: 
SUPRAORBITAL  NERVE-66:20 

FRONTAL  RAMUS-66:21         Of  the   frontal  nerve 
SUPRATROCHLEAR  NERVE-66:22 

AliiBRieR  NASAL  KAMI   OF  THE  NASOCILIARY  NERVE*x-66:28 
SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  PALPEBRAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INFRATROCHLEAR 
NERVEx*-66:34,   35 

Branches  of  the  maxillary  division  of  the  trigeminal  nerve: 
ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL  RAMUS   OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC  NERVE-66:41 
ZYGOMATICOFACIAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC  NERVE-66:42 
INFERIOR  PALPEBRAL  RAMI  OF  THE   INFRA  ORBITAL  NERVE-  66:  52 
EXTERNAL  NASAL  RAMI   OF  THE  INFRAORBITAL  NERVE-66:53 
SUPERIOR  LABIAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INFRAORBITAL  NERVE-  66:  55 

Branches  of  the  mandibular  division  of  the  trigeninal  nerve: 
BUCCINATOR  NERVE-67U3 

May  be  identified  at  this  sta£e  of  the  dissection 
through  its  anastomoses  with  the  facial  nerve. 
AURICULOTEMPORAL  NERVE-67'W? 
MENTAL  NERVE-67:33 


HSAD     AND     1ECK  44. 

5.  Superficial  blood  vessels  of  the  face 

Branches  of  the  external  carotid  artery: 
SUPERFICIAL  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47 : 3 6 
PAROTID  RAMI-47:37 
TRANSVERSE  ARTERY  OF  FACE-47:38 
•  ANTERIOR  AURICULAR  EAMI-^:39 

ZYGOMATICOORBITAL  ARTERY-47 :40 
MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47: 41 

INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47: 44         Its  origin  only. 
EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY-47: 13 

INFERIOR  LABIAL  ARTERY-47: 18 
SUPERIOR  LABIAL  ARTERY-47: 19 
ANGULAR  ARTERY-47 :20 

POSTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES-54:6-9,   13,   14 
ANTERIOR  FACIAL  VEIN  AND  ITS  TRIBUTARIES-53:70-77,    54:1-5 

6.  Muscles  of  the   face  and   front  of  head 

PLATYSMA  MUSCLE-24:54 
FRONTALIS  MUSCLE-24:9 
PROCERUS  MUSCLE-24:ll 
ORBICULARIS  OCULI  MUSCLE-24:16 

PARS  PALPEBRALIS-24:17 

PARS  ORIBTALIS-24:18 

PARS   LACRIMALIS-24:19 
NASALIS  MUSCLE-24.:12 

PARS  TRANSVERSA-24:13 

PARS  ALARIS-24:14 
DEPRESSOR  SEPTI  NASI  MUSCLE-24:15 
ORBICULARIS  ORIS  MUSCLE-24:23 
QUADRATUS  LABII  SUPERIORIS  MUSCLE-24:28 

CAPUT  ZYGOMATICUM-24:29 

CAPUT  INFRA ORBITALE-24: 30 

CAPUT  ANGULARE-24:31 
ZYGOMATIC  MUSCLE-24:27 
RISORIUS  MUSCLE-24:26 
TRIANGULARIS  MUSCLE-24:24 
QUADRATUS  LABII  INFERIORIS  MUSCLE-24:32 
CANINUS  MUSCLE-24:33 
BUCCINATOR  MUSCLE-24:34 

BUCCOPHARYNGEAL  FASCIA-24:43 
INCISIVI  LABII  SUPERIORIS  AND  INFERIORIS  MUSCLES-24:35,   36 

VI.  Structures  in  relation  to  the  temporal  and  infratemporal   fossag 
1.     Fascia,  muscles  and  vessels 

TEMPORAL  FASCIA-24:45 

ZYGOMATIC  AND  TEMPORAL  RAM!   OF  THE  FACIAL  NERVE-67:59.   58 

2YGOMATICOFACIAL  AND  ZYGOMATICOTEMPORAL  RAMI  OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC 

NERVE- 66: 42,   41 

MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47: 41 

MASSETER  MUSCLE-24:38 

The  following  nerve  and  artery  may  be  exposed  as  they  pass  through 

the  mandibular  notch  by  detaching  the  temporal  fascia  from  the 


'  •• 


'    •  •'••'  ':'•'" 


-    '   , 

• .     •  i      -  .     .   • 

\  v 
i 


- 
.  •   ' 


HEAD  AND  NECK  45. 

zygomatic  arch,  with  a  saw  and  bone  forceps  dividing  the 
zygonatic  arch  immediately  anterior  and  posterior  to  the  origin 
of  the  masseter  muscle  (the  anterior  saw-cut  being  made  obliquely 
downward  and  anteriorly  connecting  the  anterior  ends  of  the 
superior  and  inferior  margins  of  the  arch),  and  carefully 
reflecting  the  detached  segment  of  the  zygomatic  arch  and  masseter 
muscle  (the  dissection  may  be  complicated  by  a  union  of  the 
masseter  and  temporal  muscles). 
MASSETER  NERVE- 67: 9 
HASSETERIC  ARTERY-47:54 
TEMPORAL  MUSCLE-24:39 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  masseteric  nerve  and  artery  and 

completing  the  reflection  of  the  masseter  muscle  toward 

its  insertion. 

The  deeper  structures  of  the  temporal  fossa  are  demonstrated  by 
removing  the  coronoid  process  of  the  mandible  by  a  cut  extending 
from  the  middle  of  the  incisur^  mandibulae  downward  and  anterior- 
ly to  the  junction  of  the  ramus;  with  the  body  of  the  mandib?a 
(making  the  incision  partially  with  a  saw  and  completing  the 
division  with  a  bone  forceps) ,  reflecting  the  coroniid  process 
and  the  attached  temporal  muscle  upward  (guarding  at  the  same 
time  against  cutting  the  buccinator  nerve),  and  with  the  handle 
of  a  scalpel  detaching  the  deeper  portion  of  the  temporal  muscle 
at  its  origin, 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  DEEP  TEMPORAL  NERVES-67:11,  12 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  DEEP  TEMPORAL  ARTERIES xx-47: 56,  55 
MEDIAN  TEMPORAL  ARTERY-47:41 

ZYBOMATICOTEMPORAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  ZYGOMATIC  NERVEXX-66:41 
The  following  structures  ih  the  infratemporal  fossa  are  more  fully 
exposed  by  removing  a  segment  of  the  ramus  of  the  mandible.  To 
this  end  two  incisions  nay  be  made,  one  through  the  neck  of  the 
condyloid  process  of  the  mandible  and  a  second  transversely 
through  the  ramus  of  the  mandible  immediately  superior  to  the 
level  of  the  mandibular  foramen  (locating  the  level  of  the 
foramen  by  inserting  the  hand  of  a  scalpel  between  the  ramus  and 
the  subjacent  structures  and  carrying  it  downwards  until  its 
progress  is  arrested  by  the  vessels  and  nerves  entering  the 
foramen) .  In  the  case  of  both  incisions  the  cut  should  be  made 
through  the  lateral  table  of  the  bone  with  a  saw  and  the  incision 
completed  with  a  bone  forceps;  the  isolated  segment  of  the 
mandibular  ramus  is  removed  and  the  subjacent  nerves,  vessels 
and  muscles  exposed. 
EXTERNAL  PTERYGOID  MUSCLE-24:40 
INTERNAL  PTERYGOID  MUSCLE-24:41 
BUCCINATOR  MUSCLE-24:34 

BUCCOPHARYNGEAL  FASCIA-24:43 

PTERYGOMANDIBULAR  RAPHE-32 : 52 
INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ART£RY-47:44XX  Its  first  and  second  parts 

DEEP  AURICULAR  ARTERY*x-47:45   Its  origin  only. 

ANTERIOR  TYMPANIC  ARTERY*x-47:46   Its  origin  only 

INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTSRY-47:47 
MYLOHYOID  RAMUS -47: 48 

MIDDLE  MENINGEAL  ARTERY-47:50 

(ACCESSORY  MENIGEAL  RAMUS )-47: 51 

MASSETERIC  ARTERY-47:54 

POSTERIOR  AND  ANTERIOR  DHEP  TEMPORAL  ARTERY  -47:55,  56 


. 


HEAD     AMD     NECK  46, 


PTERYGOID 

BUCCINATOR  ARTERYxx~i7:  58 

POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTERY-47:59 

The  following  tributaries  of  the  posterior  facial  vein  are 

seldom  well  enough  preserved  to  be  satisfactorily  demonstrated 

by  dissection: 

ARTICULAR  MANDIBULAR  VEINSXX-54:10 

STYLOMASTOID  VEINX**54:12 

PTERY30ID  PLEXUS  54:  13 

TRANSVERSE  FACIAL  VEIN*X-54:13 

2.     Kandibular  articulation-19:35 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:36 
TEMPORAMANDIBULAR  LIGAMENT-19:38 
SPHENOMANDIBULAR  LIGAMENT-19:39 
STYLOMANDIEULAR  LIGAMENT-19:40 
ARTICULAR  DISC-19:37 

Exposed  by  removing  the  temper  omandibular  ligament. 

3  .     Nerves 

The  demonstration  of  the  following  nerves  is  completed  by 
disarticulating  the  condyloid  process  and  reflecting  it  together 
with  the  external  pterygoid  muscle  anteriorly,    guarding  at  the 
same  time  against  cutting  the  auriculotemporal  nerve. 
MANDIBULAR  NERVE  -67:  6 

SPINOSUS  N2RVE-67:7 
MASTICATOR  NERVE-  67:  8 

MASSETERIC  NERVE-67:8 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  DEEP  TEMPORAL  NERVES-67:11,   12 
BUCCINATOR  NERVE-  67:  13 
EXTERNAL  PTERYGOID  NERVE-  67:  14 
INTERNAL  PTERYGOID  NERVE-67:15 
AURICULOTEMPORAL  NERVE-67:16 

NERVE   OF  THE  EXTERNAL  AUDITORY  MEATUS**^?:!? 

RAMIE  TO  THE  TYMPANIC  fcEMBRANExx-67:28 
LINGUAL  NERVE-67:23 
INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  NERVE-67:32 

MYLOHYOID  NERVE-67:32 
CHORDA  TYMPANI-67:64 

4.     Mandibular  canal  y?.2  :3 

Exposed  by  removing  (by  means  of  a  saw,    chisel  and  bone  forceps) 
the  outer  compact  layer  cf  the  mandible. 
INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTERY-47:47 
MYLOHYOID  RAMU3-47:48 
MEHTAL  ARTERY-47:49 
INFERIOR  ALVEOLAR  NERVE-67:28 

INFERIOR  CENTAL  PLEXUS-67:29 

INFERIOR  DENTAL  RA!II-67:29 
INFERIOR  GINGIVAL  RAMI-67:31 
MYLOHYOID  NERVE-  67:  32 
MENTAL  NERVE-  67:  33 

MENTAL  RAMI-67-.33 
MENTAL  RAMI-67:34 
INFERIOR  LABIAL  RAMI-67:35 


HEAD     AND     NECK  47. 

VII.      Submaxillary  region 

1.  Superficial  structures  in  the  subnaxillary  region 

With  the  exception  of  the    following  structures   the  more   super- 
ficial structures  in  this  region  have  already  been  listed  in 
connection  with  the  submaxillary  or  digastric  triangle,   III:6a. 
DISASTRIC  MUSCLE -2 4 : 47-4 9 
STYLOHYOID  MUSCLE -2 4: 50 
SUBMAXILLARY  GLAND-31 :11       Its  superficial  part  only. 

2.  Deeper  structures  in  the  subrraxillary  region 

MYLOHYOID  MUSCLE-24:51 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  anterior  belly  of  the  digastric 
muscle  near  its  attachment  to  the  mandible,   sawing  through 
the  mandible  slightly  lateral  to  the  median  plane   on  each 
side   (so  as  to  leave  intact  the  attachments  of  the   genia- 
hyoid  and  genioglossus  muscles),   and  everting  the  inferior 
border  of  the  lateral  part  of  the  mandible. 

LINGUAL  NERVK-67:23 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  inylohyoid  muscle  slightly  below  its 
origin  from  the  fcylohyoid  line   of  the  mandible  and  along  the 
median  raphe,  and  reflecting  the  muscle  downward  over  the 
hyoid  bone,    guarding  at  the  same  time  against  cutting  the 
mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth. 
SUBLINGUAL  N3RVE-xx_67:26 
LINGUAL  RAMI*X-67:27 

HYPOGLCSSAL  NERVE- 68: 60 
LINGUAL  RAMI- -68: 64 

S  UBMAXILLARY  GANGLI ON- 67 : 43 

COMMUNICATING  RAMI  WITH  THE  LINGUAL  NERVE-67:44 
SUBMAXILLARY  KAMI- 67 :45 

GL^'SSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:8 

SUBMAXILLARY  GLAND-31:!!       Its  deep  part. 
SUBMAXILLARY  DUCT-31:12 

SUBLINGUAL  GLAND-31: 8 

MAJOR  AND  MINOR  SUBLINGUAL  DUCTS-3H9,   10 

HYOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32:3 

STYLOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32:5 

CHONDROGLOSSUS  MU5CLE3«-32  :4 

GENIOGLOSSUE  MUSCLE-32:2 

GENIOHYOID  MUSCLE-24 : 52 

LINGUAL  ARTERY-47:8 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  hyoglossus  muscle  from  the  hyoid 

bone  and  reflecting  it  upward 

DORSAL  RAMI  OF  THE  TONGUE  xx-<17: 11 

SUBLINGUAL  ARTERYX*-47:10 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  THE  TONGUE **-47: 12 

LINGUAL  VEIN- 53: 6 

STYLOHYOID  LIGAMENT-18:54 

Villa     Structures  in  relation  to  the  deeper  regions  of  the  neck 

and  base   of  tne  cranium 

is — Ptic   ganglion,   tensor  veli  palatini.   stylopharyngeus  muscles 
OPTIC  GANGLI ON- 67: 3 6 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  lingual  and  inferior  alveolar  nerves 


HEAD  AND  NECK  48. 

immediately  inferior  to  their  origins  and  carefully  dis- 
placing the  mandibular  nerve.          . 
Roots: 

A  SHORT  ROOT  FROM  THE  MANDIBULAR  NERVE3™ 

A  LONG  ROOT,  THE  LESSER  SUPERFICIAL  FETROSAL  NERVE**- 

67:37 

A  SYMPATHETIC  ROOT  FROM  THE  PLEXUS  OF  THE  MIDDLE 

MENINGEAL  ARTERY  ** 
Branches  of  distribution: 

TENSOR  VELI  PALATINI  ^RVE>«-67:38 

TENSOR  TYL3PANI   NERVE™- 67:39 
Communicating  rarai: 

ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE   SPINOUS  NERVE  xx>67: 40 

ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE  AURICULOTEMPORAL  NERVE xx. 

67:41 

ANASTOKOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE  CHORDA  TYMPANIxx-67:42 
TENSOR  VELI  PALATINI  MUSCLE-32:25 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  internal  pterygoid  muscle  from  the 
posterior  border  of  the  lateral  lamina  of  the  pterygoid 
process-8:61 
STYLOPHARYNGEUS  MUSCL3-32:32 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  posterior  belly  of  the  digastric 
muscle  near  its  origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its  attach- 
ment to  the  hybid  bone,  cutting  through  the  external  carotid 
artery  just  inferior  to  its  termination,  dividing  the 
posterior  auricular  and  occipital  arteries  at  their  origins 
and  displacing  the  extern^  carotid  artery  anteriorly 
(guarding  against  injury  toMihe  glossopharyngeal  ner^e). 

2.  Blood  vessels 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:68 

In  completing  its  exposure  the  base  of  the  styloid  process 
may  be  divided  (with  a  bone  forceps)  and  the  styloid  pro- 
cess together  with  the  attached  muscles  reflected  downward 
and  anteriorly.  The  correlation  of  the  structures  at  the 
base  of  the  cranium  with  the  structures  previously  exposed 
in  the  floor  of  the  cranium  may  be  facilitated  by  removing 
the  calvarium  (guarding,  however,  against  drying  of  the 
cranial  floor). 

In  demonstrating  the  superior  portion  of  the  cervical  part 
of  the  internal  carotid  artery,  the  pharyngeal  rami  of  the 
vagus  nerve  should  first  be  secured  and  the  follov/ing  four 
nerves  identified  in  the  interval  between  the  internal 
jugular  vein, -namely,  the  glossopharyngeal,  vagus,  accessory 
and  hyphglossal  nerves. 
ASCENDING  PHARYNGEAL  ARTERY*x-47 :4 
ASCENDING  PALATINE  ARTERY** -47 : 14 

TONSILLAR  RAMUS  OF  THE  EXTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERY*x-47:15 
INTERNAL  JUGULAR  VEIN- 52: 69 

SUPERIOR  BULB  OF  THE  JUGULAR  VEIN-52:70 

LINGUAL  VEIN- 53;  6 

(SUPERIOR  THYREOID  VEINS) -53:10 

COMMON  FACIAL  VEIN- 53: 69 

By  slitting  open  the  inferior  part  of  the  internal 
jugular  vein  the  valve  situated  near  the  termina- 
tion of  the  vein  nay  be  demonstrated. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  49. 

3 .  Nerves 

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:8 

LINGUAL  RAMS?1 -68:83          Their  origin  only. 

TONSILLAR  RAl/J**- 68:20 

S  TYLOPHARYNGE AL  RAIviUS  xx-  68 : 1 9 

EHARYNGEA  L  KAMI  x*i  68 : 1 8 

S  UPERI  OR  GAIIGLI  ON-  68:9 

PETROUS  GANGLION-68:10 

TYMPANIC  NERVB-68:ll 

The  following  nerve  in  the  middle  cranial  fossa 
is  in  relationship  with  the  tympanic  nerve: 
LESSER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE-67:37 
VAGUS  NERVE- 68:22 

GANGLION  JUGULARE-68:23 

GANGLION  NODOSUM-68:24 

The  following  raini  cannot  be  satisfactorily  demonstrated  in 

an  ordinary  dissection. 

MENINGEAL  RAMUSxx-68:25 

AURICULAR  RAMUSxx-68:26 

ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE  GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVExx-68:27 

Review  the  following  rami: 

PHARYNGEAL  RAMI- 68:2 8 

SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE  AND  ITS  RAMI-68:30-33 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  RAMI- 68:34 

(DEPRESSOR  KERVE)-68:35 

RECURRENT  NERVE- 68:3 6 
.  ACCESSORY  NERVS-68:57 

INTERNAL  RAMUSxx-68:58 

EXTERNAL  RAMUS-68:59 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE-68:60 

The  demonstration  of  its  exit  from  the  hypoglossal"  canal  is 

facilitated  by  dividing  the  internal   jugular  vein  5  cm.  below 

the  base  of  the  skull  and  reflecting  it  upward. 

The   following  rani  have  already  been  exposed  in  preceding 

dissections: 

RAMUS  DESCENDS K5 -68: 61 

ANSA  HYPOGLOSSI-68:62 

THYREOHYOID  RAMUS- 68: 63 

LINGUAL  RALE- 68: 64 

4.  Sympathetic  trunk 

CERVICAL  PART  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC  TRUNK- 71: 34 
SUPERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLION-71:35 

JUGULAR  NERVEXX-71:36 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVE  *X-7I:37 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS^  -71:38 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVES™  -71:45 

EXTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS**  -71 :46 

LA.RYNGOPHARYNGEAL  RAICF'  -71 : 57 

SUPERIOR  CARDIAC  NERVE-71:59    . 
LJIDDLE  CERVICAL  GANGLION- 71: 60 
INFERIOR  CERVICAL  GANGLION-71 : 62 

The  remaining  rarni  and  plexuses   of  the  cervical  part  of  the 
sympathetic  system,  are  indicated  in  -71:47-54,    56,    58,    65-68. 
RSCTUS   CAPITIS  1ATERALIS  MUSCLlF1  -24:2 


HEAD  _VID  NECK  50. 

IX>  Structures  in  relation  to  the  cervical  part  of  the  vertebral  column 
and  the  posterior  ^art  of  the  base  of  th?  skull 


The  head  and  neck  may  be  divided  into  anterior  and  posterior  parts 
by:  a)   cutting  the  nerves  and  vessels   of  the  neck  at  the  level  of 
the  first  rib  and  forcibly  displacing  these  structures  together  •with 
the  oesophagus  and  trachea  anteriorly,   a^ay  from  the  cervical 
vertebrae  and  exposing  the  periosteum  investing  the  base  of  the  skull 
between  the  pharynx  and  prevertebral  muscles  ;  b)   making  a  transverse 
incision  through  this  thick  periosteum  and  exposing  the  pars 
basilaris   of  tne   occipital  bone;  c)   resting  the  floor  of  the  cranium 
upon  the  end  of  a  wooden  block  and  with  a  chisel  and  Ballet  dividing 
the  pars  basilaris  along  the  line  of  the   preceding  incision  (direct- 
ting  the  chisel  as  nearly  as  possible  at  right  angles  to  the  plane 
of  the  bone)  ;  d)  making  two  saw-cuts  through  the   skull,    one   on  each 
side,   beginning  at  a  point  2   cm.  posterior  to  the  mastoid  process 
and  extending  obliquely  anteromedially  to  a  point  immediately  post- 
erior to  the  jugular  foramen;  e)  with  a  chisel  completing  the  divi- 
sion of  the  base  of  the  skull  by  an  incision  on  each  side  uniting 
the  end   of  the  preceding  chisel-cut   (c)   ?;ith  the  adjacent  end  of  the 
saw-cut   (the  incision  in  each  case  passing  medial  and  posterior  to 
the   jugular  foramen)  ;   f  )   dividing  any  remaining  intervening  soft 
pf.rts  and  completing  the  separation  of  the  anterior  and  posterior 
parts  of  the  head  and  neck.     The  hypoglossal  nerve  would  be  divided 
close  to  the  base  of  the  irkull  and  superior  to  the  ganglion  nodosum 
of  the  vagus  nerve,  but  all  ether  cerebral  nerves  should  remain 
intact  and  be  carried  iway  with  the  anterior  part  of  the  skull. 

1.  Muscles,   nerves  and  blood  vessels 

RECTUS  CAPITIS  LATERALIS  MUSCLE**  -24:2     Previously  listed  in 
Section  X:4. 

RECTUS  CAPITIS  ANTERIOR  MUSCLExx-24-:65 

LONGUS   CAPITIS  MUSCLExx-24:64 

LONGUS  COLL!  liUSCLExx-24:63 

ANTERIOR,   MIDDLE  AND  POSTERIOR  SCALENE  MUSCLES-24:  66-68     Their 
attachments   only. 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  INTERTRANSVERSE  tOJSZ2S8zx*33:€Bt   63 

CERVICAL  HSRVES,   I-VIII-69:! 

Exposed  by  removing  the  prevertebral  and  scalene  muscles, 
ANTERIOR  RAMI-69:8 
POSTERIOR  RAMI-69:2 

VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21 

Exposed  by  removing  the   intertransverse  muscles,   the  rectus 
capitis  lateralis,   the    obliquus  capitis  superior  and  the 
obliquus  capitis  inferior  muscles,   and  with  a  bone  forceps  cut- 
ting avray  the  anterior  tubercles  and  costal  portions   of  the 
transverse  processes   of  the  third  to  sixth  cervical  vettebral. 
SERIAL  RAMI**  -48:22 

VERTEBRAL  VEIN-52:63 

2.  Articulations   of  the  cervical  vertebrae  III-VII 

INTERVERTEBRAL  FIBROCARTILAGES-18:37 

FIBROUS  RING-18:38 

NUCLEUS  PULPOSUS-18:38 
LIGAMENTA  FLAVA-18:40 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULSS-18:41 


.   ; 
''       '- 


! 


'••  :  ' ' 


HEAD     AND     NECK  51. 

» 

INTERTRANSVKRSE  LIGAMENTS** -18:42        Not  well  developed  in  thenaeck. 
INTERSPINOUS  LIGAMENTS-18:43 
LIGAMENTUM  NUCKAE-18:45 
ANTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  LIGAlvIENT-18:46 
POSTERIOR  LONGITUDINAL  LIGAMSNT-18:47 

3 ^Articulations   of  the  epistropheus.  atlas  and  occipital  bone 

ATLANTOOCIPPITAL  ARTICULATION-19 :1 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-19:2 
ANTERIOR  ATLANTOOCIPPITAL  MEMBRANE -19:3 
POSTERIOR  ATLANTOOCIPPITAL  MEMBRANE-19:4 

ATLANTOEPISTROPHSAL  ARTICUIATION-19: 5 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-.19:6 

TECTORIAL  MEMBRANE-19:!! 

Demonstrated  by  renoving  (with  a  bone  forceps)  the  posterior 
arches  of  the  atlas  and  epistropheus,  making  a  saw-cut  on 
each  side  of  the  occipital  bcne  extending  from  just  posterior 
to  the  jugular  process  and  occipital  condyle  to  the  foramen 
magnum,  detaching  the  squanous  portion  of  the  occipital  bone 
and  removing  the  exposed  portion  of  the  dura  mater. 

CRUCIATE  LIGAMENT  OF  ATLAS-19:10 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  tectorial  membrane  from  the 
epistropheua  and  reflecting  it  upward. 
TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  ATL£S-19:9 

ALAR  LIGAMENTS-19:? 

Demonstrated  by  detaching  the  vertical  part  of  the  cruciate, 
ligament  at  its  superior  attachment  to  the  occipital  bone  and 
reflecting  it  downward. 

APICAL  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  DENS-19:8 

4.  Cervical  portion  of  the  vertebral  canal  and  spinal  cord 

The  contents  of  the  cervical  portion  of  the  vertebral  canal  may  be 
Exposed  by  cutting  away  all  the  muscles  still  remaining  attached  to 
the  spinous  processes  and  arches  of  the  cervical  vertebrae  and 
removing  the  laminae  of  the  vertebral  arches.  For  the  meninges 
and  related  structures,  see  Thorax,  V:4. 
CERVICAL  NERVES-69:! 

ANTERIOR  ROOTS -68: 67 

POSTERIOR  ROOTS-68:68 

SPINAL  GANGLIA- 68: 69 

ANTERIOR  RAMI -68:70 

POSTERIOR  RAMI-68:71 

SPINAL  RAMI  OF  THE  VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-43:22 
POSTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY-48:23 
ANTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY-48:24 
CERVICAL  PART  OF  SPINA.L  CORD-58:21 

CERVICAL  ENLARGEI',5ENT-58:22 

For  surface  anatomy  and  internal  structure  of  the  Spinal  cord 

eee  Thorax,   V:5. 

X.  Remaining  structures  in  the  anterior  part  of  the  head  and  neck 

See  Section  IX  for  division  of  the  head  and  neck  into  anterior  and 
posterior  parts. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  52. 

1.     Pharyr.x-32:29.   4:43 

a.  Muscles  and  fascia   of  the  pharynx 
BUCCOPHARYNGEAL  FASCIA-24:43 

PTERYGOMANDIBULAR  RAPHE-32:52 
TUNICA  MUSCULARIS   OF  THE  FHARYNX-32 : 50 

CONSTRICTOR  PHARYNGEUS   INFERIOR  MUSCLE -3 2: 62 -64 
CONSTRICTOR  BHARYNGEUS  MEDIUS  MUSCLE-32 : 59-61 
CONSTRICTOR  PHARYNGEUS   SUPERIOR-32 : 53-57 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  pterygoideus  internus  muscle 
transversely  at  its  middle  and  reflecting  the  two  ends 
toward  their  origin  and  insertion,    guarding  against  cut- 
ting the  tensor  veli  palatini  muscle. 
FASCIA  PHARYNGOBASILARIS-32 :44 

b...  Cavity  of  the  pharvnx-32 :30 

Exposed  by  making  the  following  incisions:  a)   longitudinally  in  the 
middle  line  throughout  the  entire  extent  of  the  posterior  wall  of  the 
pharynx;  b)    from  the  superior  extremity  of  the  preceding  incision, 
transversely  through  the  fascia  pharyngobasilaris,   close  to  the  base 
of  the  cranium  and  extending  laterally  as  far  as  the  cartilage  of 
the  Eustacnian  tube. 

The  following  structures  may  be  identified  by  inspection: 
PARS  NASALIS-32 :22 

F.ORNIX  PHARYNGIS-32 :31 

PHARYHGEAL  OPENING  OF  THE  EUSTACHIAN  TUBE-32:35 
ANTERIOR  LIP-32:36 
POSTERIOR  LIP-32:37 
TORUS  TUBARIUS-32:38 
SALPINGOPHARYNGEAL  FOLD-32:39 

PHARYNGEAL  RECESS-32:40 

PHARYNGEAL  TONSIL-32 :47 

TONSILLAR  CRYPTS-32:48 

(Pharyngeal  bursa)-32:41 

SOFT  PALATE-30:41 

UVULA~32:13 
PARS   ORALIS-32:33 

GLOSSOPALATINE  ARCH-32:15 

PHARYNOPALATINE  ARCH-32 :1* 

LATERAL  GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC  FOLD-37:27 

MEDIAN  GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC  FOLD-37:26 

EPIGLOTTIC  VALLECULA-37:12 
PARS  LARYWGIS-32:34 

ARYEPIGLOTTIC  FOLD-37:28 

OPENING  INTO  THE  LARYNX-37:13 

PERIFORM  RECESS-32 :42 

FOLD  OF  THE  LARYNGEAL  NERVE-37:29 

Looking  anteriorly  from  the  nasal  part  of  the  pharynx  the  following 
are  visible  in  relation  to  the  -oosterior  part  of  the  nasal  cavity: 
NASAL  SEPTUM-35:39 
NASOPHARYNGEAL  MEATUS-35:59 
INFERIOR  NASAL  MEATUS-35:57 
MIDDLE  NASAL  MEATUS-35:55 
INFERIOR  NASAL  CONCHA-35:*8 
MIDDLE  NASAL  CONCHA-35:47 


. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  53. 

2.     Mouth  and  fauces 

To  facilitate  the  demonstration  cf  the  following  structures  the 
anterior  part  of  the  head  and  neck  rray  be  divided  into  two  lateral 
halves  by  making  the   following  incisions:  a)  with  a  knife  dividing 
the  uvula  and  soft  palate   in  the  median  sagittal  plane;  b)   in  a 
similar  manner  dividing  the  cartilaginous  part  of  the  nose  as  far 
as  the  nasal  bone  as  nearly  as  possible  in  the  mid-sagittal  plane, 
(before  making  this  incision  it  should  be  ascertained  whether  the 
nasal  septum  deviates  to  either  the  right  or  left  of  the  mid-plane, 
and  if  so,  making  the   cut  through  the   cartilage  close  to  concave 
side  of  the  septum  and  thus   guarding  against  cutting  the  septum 
itself) ;   c)  with  a  saw  cutting  through  the  floor  of  the  anterior 
part  of  the  skull,  beginning  posteriorly  and  sawing  forward  making 
the  cut  pass  through  the  hard  palate  and  root  of  the  nose   just 
lateral  to  the  nasal  septum  and,   in  line  with  preceding  incision, 
through  the  cartilaginous  part  of  the  nose;  d)  with  a  knife  dividing 
the  tongue  and  soft  structure  in  the  floor  of  the  mouth,   the  pharynx, 
larynx,   trachea  and  any  other  remaining  soft  structure  in  the  median 
sagittal  plane;  e)    completing  the  division  of  sawing  through  the 
anterior  part  of  the  mandible  in  the  same  plane. 

a.  General   characteristic.,      "_  the   oral   cavity 
CHEEK-30:29 

FAT  BODY  OF  THE  CHEEK*X-30:30 
VESTIBULE   OF  THE  MOUTH-30:31 
MOUTH  CAVITY  PROPER-30:32 
ORAL  FISSURE-30:33 
LIPS-30:34-36 
LABIAL  COMMISSURE-30:37 
ANGLES  OF  THE  MOUTH-30:38 
PALATE-30:39 

HARD  PALATE-30:40 

SOFT  PALATE-30:41 

RAPHE  OF  THE  PALATE-30:42 

b.  Mucous  membrane  of  the  mouth-30:43 

FRENULUM  OF  THE  UPPER  AND  LO\VSR  LIPS-30:44,   45 

GUM-30-.46 

SUBLINGUAL  CARUNCLE-30:47 

SUBLINGUAL  FOLD-30:48 

TRANSVERSE  PALATINE  FOLDS-30:49 

INCISOR  PAPILLA-30:50 

c.  Glands  of  the  iaouth-3l:l 

Only  the   openings   of  the  ducts   of  the   following  glands  can  be 
demonstrated  at  this  stage   of  the  dissection. 
SUBLINGUAL  GLAND-31:8 

MAJOR  AND  MINOR  DUCTS-31:9f   10 
SUBMAXILLARY  GLAHD-31:11 

SUBMAXILLARY  DUCT-3l:l2 
PAROTID  GLAND-31M3-15 

PAROTID  DUCT-31.-16 

The  following  structures  are  usually  difficult  to  demonstrate  in  an 
ordinary  dissection: 
LABIAL  GLANDS -3 1:2 
BUCCAL  GLANDS-31:3 
MOLAR  GLA!IDS-31:4 


HEAD     AND     NECK  54. 

PALATINE   GIANDS-31:5 
LINGUAL  GLANDS-31:6 
ANTERIOR  LINGUAL  GLAND-31:? 

d.  Teeth-31:lS 

SUPERIOR  AMD  INFERIOR  DENTAL  ARCHES-31 :45,    46 
INCISOR  TEETH-31:47 
CANINE  TEETH-31:48 
PREMOLAR  TEETH-31:49 
MOLAR  TEETH-31:50 

DENS  SEROTINUS-31:51 
PERMANENT  AND  DECIDUOUS  TEETH-3l:52,    53 

e.  Tone;ue-31:54 

DORSUM  OF  THE  TOKGUE-3l:55 

ROOT  OF  THE  TONGIE-31:56 

BODY  OF  THE  TONGUE -3 1:57 

INFERIOR  SURFACE-31:58,    59 

LATERAL  MARGIN-31:60 

APEX-31 : 61 

MUCOUS  MEMBRANE-31:62 

For  the  muscles  and  papillae  of  the  tongue  see  X:7. 

f  .  Fauce-s-32:10 

Isthmus   of  the  fauces-32:ll 

Velum  palatinum-32:12 

Uvula-32:13 

Palatine  arches-32 :12 

GLOSSOPALATINE  ARCHES-32 :15 

PHARYNGOPALATINE  ARCHES-32 :16 
5ALPIMGOPALAT1NB  FOLD**  -32:17 
PALATINE  TGHSIL-32:18 

TONSILLAR  CRYPTS-32:19 
TONSILLAR  SINUS-32:20 
PLICA  TRIANGULARIS-32  :2lJ 
SUPRATONSILLAR  FOSSA-32:22 

3.  Soft  palate  and  related  structures 

A  satisfactory  dissection  of  the  soft  palate  is  made  with  difficulty 
in  the  ordinary  Jadave  material;  in  demonstrating  its  structures  the 
soft  palate  should  be  na.de  tense  by  means  of  a  hook  and  the  mucous 
membrane  removed  from  its  oral  and  pharyngeal  surfaces  and  from  the 
surface  of  the  gloss opala tine  and  pharyngopalatine  arches. 

a.  Muscles 

GLOSSOPALATINE  HUSCL^:xx-32  :27 

PHARYNGOPALATINE  MUSCLExx-32  :28 

SALPINGGPHARYNGEUS  MUSCLE3"  -32 : 58 

UVULAE  MUSCLE xx_32:2 6 

IBVATOR  VELI  PALATINE  MUSCLEXX_32  :24 

Exposed  by  removing  the  wall  of  the  pharynx  between  the  auditory 
tube  superiorly  and  the  upper  margin  of  the  superior  pharyngeal 
constrictor  muscle  inferiorly. 

TENSOR  VELI  PALATINI  MUSCLE-32:25 


HEAD     AND     NECK  §5. 

b.  Arteries 

ASCENDING  PALATINE  ARTERY  xx-47: 14 

PHARYNGEAL  RAM  OF  THE  ASCSNDIHG  PHARYNGEAL  ARTERYxx-47:6 

DESCENDING  PALATINE  FROM  THE   INTERNAL  MAXILLARY  ARTERYxx-47 : 62 

c.  Nerves 

PHARYNGEAL  RAMI   OF  THE  VAGUS   NERVExx-68:28 

Component  fibres   of  these  rarai  are  derivatives   of  the 
accessory  nerve. 

NERVE   OF  THE  TENSOR  VELI  PALATINIxx-67:38 

POSTERIOR  PALATINE  NERVE^-eViS 

MIDDLE  PALATINE  NERVE  xx-67:4 

4.  Auditory  tube-78:ll 

OSSEOUS  PART  OF  THE  AUDITORY  TUBE-78:13 
CARTILAGINOUS  PART  OF  THE  AUTORY  TUBE- 78: 16 
CARTILAGE  OF  THE  AUDITORY  TUBE-78:17 

MEDIAL  CARTILAGINOUS  LAMINA-78:18 
LATERAL  CARTILAGINOUS  LAMINA-70:19 
IJEMBRANOUS  LAMIHA-78:20 
TUNICA  MUCOSA-78 :21-23 
.      PHARYNGSAL  OPENING  OF  THE  AUDITORY  TUBE-78:24 

5.  Nasal  cavity 

a.  Nasal  septum-35:39 
CARTILAGINOUS  3EPTUM-35:40 

Exposed  by  removing  the  mucous  membrane   from  the  septum. 
MEMBRANOUS  SEPTUM-35;41 

The  following  structures  may  be  demonstrated  by  carefully  removing 
the  cartilage  and  thin  bony  part  of  the  septum  (a  small  piece  at 
a  time),   but  retaining  intact  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  opposite 
side. 

OLFACTORY  NERVES-66:3 
MEDIAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI-66:62 

NASOPALATINE  NERVE-66:63 

MEDIAL  NASAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INTERNAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  ANTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL 
NERVE-66:31 

POSTERIOR  NASAL  ARTERIES  OF  THE  SEPTUM-47:67 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL  ARTERIES -40: 6,   $ 

Difficult  to  demonstrate  in  ordinary  material. 

b.  Cavity  and  lateral  walls  of  the  nose 
NARES-35:37 

CHOANAE-35:38 

VESTIBULE   OF  THE   NOSE-35:42 

VIBRISSAE-79:34 
LIMEN  NASI-35:43 
OLFACTORY  SULCUS-35:44 
SUPERIOR  NASAL  CONCHA-35:46 
MIDDLE  NASAL  CONCHA -3 5: 47 
INFERIOR  NASAL  CONCHA-35:48 
(CONCHA  SUPREMA)-35:45 
MUCOUS  MSMBRANE-35:49 
CAVERNOUS  PLEXUS  OF  THE   CONCHA-35:50 
AGGER  NASI-35:51 
SPHENOETHMOIDAL  RECESS-35:52 
MSATUSES   OF  THE  NOSE-35:53 


' 


• 


HEAD     AMD  NNECK  56- 

SUPERIOR  MEATUS-35:54 

MIDDLE  MEATUS-35:55 

ATRIUM  OF  THE  MIDDLE  MEATUS-35:56 

INFERIOR  MEATUS-3S:57 

COMMON  MEATUS-35:5G 

NASOPHARYNGEAL  MEATUS-35:59 
RESPIRATORY  REGICN-3 5 : 60 
OLFACTORY  REffilOM-35:61 
OLFACTORY  GLANDS -3 5: 62 
NASAL  GLANDS-a5:71 
ETHMOIDAL  INFUNDIB ULUIvl-3  5:60 

Exposed  by  forcing  the  middle  concha  upwards, 

HIATUS  SEMILUNARIS-3  5:70 
BULLA  ETHMOIDALIS-35:50 

NASOLARCRIMAL,  DUCT~75:54         Its  inferior  opening  only. 
ETHMOIDAL  CELLS-35:67         Only  their  openings  are  exposed. 

c.  Paranasal  simj3es-3J^;_6_3_ 
MAXILLARY  S I NIK  -3 5 : 64  ~ 

Its  cavity  is  exposed  by  sawing  upwards  through  the  base  of  the 
zygooatic  process  of  the  maxilla  and  removing  its  lateral  wall. 

SPHENOIDAL  SINUS-35:65 

FRONTAL  SINUS-35:66 

d.  Nerves  and  vessels   in  the  lateral  wall   of  the  nasal  cavity 
OLFACTORY  NERVES-6553 

LATERAL  NASAL  RAMI  OF  THE  INTERNAL  BRANCH  OF  THE  ANTERIOR 

ETHMOIDAL  NERVE-66:30 

Branches   from  the  sphenopalatine  ganglion: 

LATERAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI-66:61 

Difficult  to  demonstrate  in  an  ordinary  dissection. 

[LATERAL)  INFERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMi-67:i 

SPHENOPALATINE  ARTERY-47:66 

The  descending  palatine  branch  of  the  internal  maxillary  artery-47: 
62,  and  the  anterior  and  posterior  ethmoidal  arteries-40:6.  7,  also 
contribute  small  twigs  to  the  nasal  muco-periosteum. 

e.  Nasal  cartilages-36:6 
LATERAL  NASAL  CARTILAGE-36:9 

CARTILAGE  OF  THE  NASAL  SEPTUM-36:7       See  also  X:5a. 
GREATER  ALAR  CARTILAGES-36:10 

LATERAL  CRUS-36:12 

MEDIAL  CRUS-3l:12 
LESSER  ALAR  CARTILAGES-36:13 


6.     Larvnx-36:lC 


a.  Cavity  of  the  larynx-37:ll 

The  laryngeal  cartilages  constituting  the  ground  plan  of  the  larynx 
are  listed  under  subhead  6d. 
APERTURE  OF  THE  LARYNX-37:13 
ARYEPIGLOTTIC  FOLD-37:20 

CUI'ffilKORIu  TUBERCLE-36:74  ' 

CORNICULATE  TUBERCLE-36:75 
INTERARYTENOID  NOTCH-37:35 
MEDIAN  GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC  FOLD-37:26 
LATERAL  GLOSSOEPIGLOTTIC  FOLD-37:27 


HEAD     AND     NECK  57. 

EPIGLOTTIS  VALLECULA-37:i2 

VESTIBULE   OF  THE  LARYNX-37:14 

RIMA  VESTIBULI-37:15 

VENTRICULAR  FOLDS-37:30 

SUPERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  GLOTTIS-37:34 

LARYNGEAL  VENTRICIE«:37:21 

APPENDIX  OF  THE  LARYNGEAL  VENTRICLE-37:22 

VODAL  FOLD-37:31 

MACULA  FLAVA-37:32 

The  vocal  and  ventricular  folds  subdivide  the  laryngeal  cavity 
into   three  subdivisions;  a  superior,    or  the  vestibule ,  a  middle 
subdivision  corresponding  to  the  ventricles,   and  an  inferior 
subdivision  inferior  to  the  level  of  the  vocal  cords, 

VOCAL  LIP-37:16 

GLOTTIS-37;17 

RIMA.  GLCTTIDIS-37:10 

INTERM5MBRANOUS  PART-3 7:19 
INTERC£RTIJAGINOUS  PART-37:20 

INFERIOR  APERTURE   OF  THE  GLOTTIS-37:33 

LARYNGEAL  MUCOUS  M3MBRANS-37:23 
LARYNGSAL  GLANDS-37:36-39 

LYMPHATIC  NODULES   OF  T       LARYNX-37:40 

b.  Laryngeal  muscles,    hyothreoid  and  elastic  membranes 

Having  examined  the  relations  of  the  thryreoid  gland,   ithe  following 
structures  are  exposed  by  removing  this   organ  together  with  the 
omohyoid,   sternohyoid,   sternothyrecid,   thyreohyoid  and  inferior 
pharyngeal  constrictor  muscles,    guarding  against  injury  to  the 
internal  and  external  rani  of  the  superior  laryngeal  nerve,   the 
inferior  laryngeal  nerve,  and  the  superior  and  inferior  laryngeal 
arteries. 
HYOTHYREOID  MEMBRANE-36:34 

MIDDLE  HYOTHYREOID  LIGAMENT-36:33 
LATERAL  HYOTHYREOID  LICAMENT-36:31 

TRITICEOUS  CARTILAGE-36:32 
CRICOTHYREOID  MUSCLE-36:70 
STRAIGHT  PART-3 6: 79 
OBLIQUE  PART-37:! 
POSTERIOR  CRICOARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:2 

Exposed  by  removing  the  tunica  mucosa  from  the  posterior  aspect 
of  the  cricoid  and  arytaenoid  cartilages,   retaining  intact, 
however,   the  superior  and  laryngeal  artery  and  nerve. 
OBLIQUE  ARYTAENCID  MUSCLE-37:9 

ARYEPI GLOTTIC  MUSCLE-3 6 : 77 
TRANSVERSE  ARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:10 

It  is  preferable  to  demonstrate  the  following  muscles  and  the  elastic 
membrane  in  only  one  half  of  the  larynx,   reserving  the  other  half 
for  the  demonstration  of  nerves  and  vessels. 
LATERAL  CRICOARYTAENOID  MUSCLE-37:4 

Exposed  by  removing  the   cricothyreoid  muscle,  naking  an  incision 
through  the  lamina    if  the  thyreoid  cartilage  parallel  to  and  a 
little  to  the   right  of  the  anterior  ;-iedian  line,  dividing  the 
right  lateral  hyothyreoid  ligament,   disarticulating  the  right 
inferior  cornu  of  the  thyroeid  cartilage  and  completing  the 
removal  of  the  lamina.. 
THYREOARYTAENOID  MUSCLS-37:C 
VOCAL  MUSCLE-37:6 


HEAD     AND     NECK  50. 

Exposed  by  carefully  removing  the  lateral  cricoarytaenoid  muscle, 
THYREOEPICLOTTIC  MU2  CLS-3  7 : 7 
VENTRICUTAR  MUSCLE-37:5 

Difficult  to  demonstrate  in  an  ordinary  dissection. 
ELASTIC  MEMBRANE  OF  THE  LARYNX-37:24 

Exposed  by  removing  the  vocal  muscle. 

ELASTIC  COKE-37:25 

VOCAL  LI GAM3NT-3  5 : 63 

(3.ESAMOID  CARTILAGE )  -3 6 : 64 

VENTRICULAR  LIGAMENT-36:62 

c .  L&SVngeal  nerves  a.nd  vessels 

The   folloTdng  structures  may  be  demonstrated  in  the  remaining  half 

of  the  larynz : 

INTERNAL  RAMUS  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE-60:32 

Its   position  in  the  piriform  sinus  may  be  determined  by  produc- 
ing a  traction  on  the  nerve  external  to  the  hyothyreoid  membrane 
and  demonstrating  the   fold  of  the  laryngeal  nerve-37:29 
ANASTOMOTIC  RAMUS  WITH  THE  INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:33 

INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  NERVE- 68: 40 
ANTERIOR  RAMUS- 68: 41 
POSTERIOR  RAMUS- 6° '42 

SUPERIOR  LARYNGEAL  ARTEh»-46:64 

INFERIOR  LARYNGEAL  ARTERY-48 : 50 

d,  iiarvngeal  ca r t i lages  and  ligaments 
EPIGLOTTIS-3~6:~67 

PETIOLU5  EPIGLOTTIDIS-36:68 

EPI GLOTTI C  TUEERCLE-3 6:69 

EPI GLOTTIC  CARTILAGE-36:70 
THYREOEPIGLOTTIC  LIGAMENT-36:71 
HYOEPIGLOTTIC  LIGAMENT-3 6 : 72 
THYREOID  CARTILAGE -3 6: 21 

RIGHT  AND  LEFT  IAMINA-36:22 

PROMINENTIA  LARYNGEA-3  6:16 

SUPERIOR  THYREOID  INCISURE-36:23 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  INCISURE-36:24 

SUPERIOR  THYREOID  TUBERCLE-36:25 

INFERIOR  THYREOID  TUBERCLE-36:26 

\OBLIQUE  LINE)-36:27 

SUPERIOR  CORNU-36:28 

INFERIOR  CORMU-36:29 

(THYREOID  FORAMEN) -3 6:30 
CRICOTHYRESID  ARTICULATION-36:40 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-36:41 

CERATOCRICOID  LAGAMBNTSxx-36:42^44 
CRICOID  CARTILAGE-36:35 

The  exposure   of  the  cricoid  cartilage  is  completed  by  dividing 

the  ligaments  connecting  the  thyreoid  and  cricoid  cartilages 

and  removing  the  thyroeid  cartilage. 

ARCH -3  6:3  6 

LAMINA-36t37 

ARYTAENOID  ARTICULAR  SURFACE-36:38 

THYRSOID  ARTICULAR  SURFACE-36:39 
CRICOTRACIEAL  LIGAMENT-36:46 
CORNICULATE  CARTILAGE-3  6 : 57 

ARYCORNICULATE  SYKCHOMDROSIS-3 6 : 58 


• 


HEAD     AND     NECK  59, 


CORNI CULOPHARYNGEAL  LI  GA:.ENTxx-3  6 : 61 

CRI CCPHA.RYNC3AL  LI  GAM3NTXX-3  6 : 60 
ARYTAENOID  CARTIT.AGE-36:47 

AP5X-36-.54 

BASE-36:49 

ARTICULA R  SURFACE-3  6 :48 

CRISTA  ARC UATAxx-3  ?. :  50 

COLLICULUSx"-36:5l 

FOVEA  OBLONGAXX-S 6 : 52 

FOVEA  TRIANGULARISxx-3  6 : 53 

VOCAL  PROCE3S-36:55 

MUSCULAR  PROCESS-36:56 
CUNEIFORM  CARTILAGE-36:73 
CRICOARYTAENOID  ARTICULATION-3  6:59 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-36:65 

POSTERIOR  CRICOARYTAENOID  LIGAMENT**^  6: 66 

7.     Tongue -31: 54 

a.  General  chara c teris tics  and  surface  anatomy 
DORUM  OF  TONCfUE-31:55 

ROOT  OF  TONGUE -31: 56 
BODY  OF  TONGUE-31:57 
INFERIOR  SURFACE-31:58 

FIMBRIATED  FOLD-31:59 
.      LATERAL  MRGIN-31:60 
APEX  OF  TONGUE-31:61 
MUCOUS  AEMBRAKE  OR  TONC-UE-31 :62 
FRENULUM  OF  TONGUE-31:63 
LINGUAL  PAPILLAE-31:64 

FILIFORM  PAPILLAE -3 1:65 
.    CONICAL  PAPILLAE-31:66 
FUNGIFORM  PAPILLAE-31:67 
LENTICULAR  ?AFILLAE-31:68 
VALLATE  PAPILLAE-31:69 
FOLIATE  PAPILLAE-3l:70 
MEDIAL  SULCU3-3l:71 
TERfflNAL  SULCUS-31:72 
FORAMEN  CAECUM-3i:73 

(LINGUAL  DUCT) -31: 74 

THYREOGLOSSAL  DUCT-31 : 75 
LINGUAL  TONSIL-31:76 

LINGUAL  FOLLICLES-3l:77 

b.  Muscles   of  the  tonRv.e-32:l 

Preferably  demonstrated  in  one  half  of  the  tongue  only  retaining 

the   other  half  for  ^he  demonstration  of  nerves  and  vessels. 

GENIOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE^33  :2 

HYOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32:3 

CHONDROGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32 :4 

STYLOGLOSSUS  MUSCLE-32 : 5 

The  four  preceding  muscles  may  be  characterized  ae  extrinsic  and 

the  following  three  muscles  as  intrinsic  muscles   of  the  tongue: 

LONGITUDINALIS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLE xx-32 : 6 

LONGITUDINALIS   INFERIOR  MUSCLExx-32 :7 

TRANS  VERSES  LINGUAE  MUSCLExx-32  :'.; 

VARTICALIS  LING'UAE  MUSCLE xx-32  : 9 


HEAD     AND     NECK  60. 

SEPTUM  OF  TONGUE-31:78 

p.   Nerves  and  vessels   of   the   tonpue 

LINGUAL  RA'JI   OF  THE  GLOSS OPKARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:21 
LINGUAL  NERVE- 67:2 3 

SDBLINGUAL  NERVE-67:26 

LINGUAL  KAMI- 67:2 7 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVF.-eS^O 

LINGUAL  KAMI- 68:64 
LINGUAL  ARTERY-47:8 

DORSAL  RAMI  OF  TONGUE-47:11 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  TONGUE-47:12 

8.._.._  Structures  in  the  middle  cranial   fossa 

Incisions   for  removal   of  the  dura  mater;  a)   having  secured  the  cut 
ends   of  the  oculomotor,    trochlear  and  trigeminal  nerves  as  they 
pierce  the  dura  an  incision  is  made  through  the  dura  just  lateral  to 
these  nerves  from  the  anterior  clinoid  process  to  the  apex  of  the 
petrous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone    (the  cut  should  be  rcade  no 
deeper  than  the  thickness   of  the  dura) ,  and  then  extended  from  the 
apex  of  the  petrous  bone  backward  and  laterally  along  the  superior 
petrosal  sinus  to  the   ^'gnoid  sulcus;  b)  a  second  incision  is  rrade 
through  the  dura  frfcm  t<i6  clinoid  process  anterolaterally  along  the 
posterior  nargin  of  the  small  wing  of  the  sphenoid  bone;  d)   the  dura 
may  then  be  reflected  lateralward,   carefully  disengaging  it  from  any 
underlying  nerves   or  other  structures  which  may  be  Attached  to  it. 
CAVERNOUS  SINUS-53:24 

SUPERIOR  OPHTHALMIC  VEIN- 53: 54 
INFERIOR  OPTHALMIC  VEIN- 53: 68 
SPHENOPARIETAL  SINUS-53;28 
TRIGEMINAL  NERVE-66:11 

PORTIOMAJOR-66:12       Sensory  root. 
PORTTO  MINOR-65:14       Motor  root. 
SEMILUNAR  GANGLION-66:13 

MANDIBULAR  NERVE-67:6         Origin  and  foramen  of  exit  only. 
An  accessory  meningeal  artery- (47: 51)   is  sometimes 
associated  with  it  in  its  foramen  of  exit. 
MAXILLARY  NERVE-66:38         Origin  and  foramen  of  exit. 

MENINGEAL  RAluUS-66:39 
OPHTHALM&LIC  NERVE- 66:1 5 

LACRIMAL  NERVE-66:17         Its  origin  only. 
NASOCILIARY  NERVE- 66 :23    .  Its  origin  only. 
FRONTAL  NERVE-66:19       Its  origin  only. 

The  following  three  nerves  are  listed  with  reference  to  the  cavernous 
sinus  only: 
OCULOMOTOR  NBRVE-66:5 
TROCKLEAR  NERVE- 66: 9 
ABDUCENT  NERVE- 67: 46 

CAVERNOUS  PLEXUS  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC-71:39       Difficult  to  demonstrate, 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:58 

OPHTHALMIC  ARTERY-47 : 30         Its  origin  only. 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC-71:38       Difficult  to 

demonstrate  in  an  ordinary  dissection. 
GREATER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE-66:59 
LESSER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE-67:37 
MIDDLE  MENINGEAL  ARTERY-47:50 


HEAD  AND  MBCK  61. 

SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  RAMUS** -47 : 52 

(ACCESSORY  MENINGEAL  RAMus)-47:5i 

9.  Eyelids  and  lacrimal  apparatus 

For  the  surface  anatomy  of  the  eye  see  Section  V:l. 

a.  Evelids~75:ll 

In  demonstrating  the  following  structures  the  palpebral  part  of  the 

orbicularis  oculi  muscle  is  removed,  guarding  against  injury  to 

underlying  nerves  and  vessels. 

ORBITAL  SE?TUM-75:5 

S  UPERIOR  TARS  US  -  7  5 : 2  C- 

INFERIOR  T.\RSU3-74:24 

TARSAL  GLA.MD3  -75:  ?.  7 

LATERAL  PALPS3RAL  RA?HE-75:26 

MEDIAL  PALPEBRAL  LlGAM3NT-75:25 

LEVATOR  PALPSBRAE  SUPERIORIS  MUSCLE-75:3       Its  tendon  of  insertion 

only. 
For  nerves  and  vessels   of  the  eyelids  see  L:2a  and  V:4. 

b.  Lacrimal  apmratus-75:41 
SUPERIOR  LACRIMAL  GLAIL      r:42 

Should  be  identified  with  a  minimum  dissection. 
Exposed  by  dividing  the   palpebral  fascia  at  the  upper  and  lat- 
eral angle  of  the  orbit. 
INFERIOR  LACRIMAL  GLAND-75:43 

(ASBESSORY  LACRIMAL  GLAND)-75:44 

EXCRETORY  DUCTULES-75:45 
LAflRIMAL  DUCT-75:49 

Exposed  by  reflecting  the  medial  palpebral  ligament. 

AMPULLA  OF  THE  LACRIMAL  DUCT-75:51 
LACRIMAL  SAC-75:52 

FORNIX  OF  THE  LACRIMAL  SAC-75:53 
NASOLACRIMAL  DUCT-75:54 

The  following  muscles  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  eyelids  through 
the  middle  by  a  sagittal  section  and  removing  the  conjunctiva  at 
the  medial  angle  of  the  eye. 
TARSALIS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLED -7 5:2  9 
TARSALIS  INFERIOR  MUSCLEXX-75:30 

10,  Structures  in  relation  to  the  orbit 

a.  Structures  in  the  superior  part  of  the   orbit  and,  fascia  of  the 

eyqbal^ 

Exposed  by  removing  (with  a  bone  forceps,  saw  and  chisel)  the  thin 
roof  superior  wall  of  the  orbit  (12:67),  the  thick  cranial  wall 
above  the  orbital  opening  (12:64),  and  the  superior  wall  of  the 
superior  orbital  fissure  (12:71),  retaining  intact,  however,  the 
superorbital  margin  (12:65)  of  tte'-crbital  opening  and  a  ring  of  bone 
around  the  optic  foramen  (cutting  away  the  anterior  clinoid  process 
will  also  facilitate  the  subsequent  dissection) ,  dividing  the 
periostevjsi.ilongitudinally  midway  between  the  medial  and  lateral 
walls  of  the  orbit  and  also  transversely  close  to  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  superior  orbital  wall,  and  reflecting  the  two 
periosteal  flaps  laterally  and  medially. 


HEAD     AND     NSCK  62. 

FRONTAL  NERVE-66:19 

SUPRAORBITAL  NERVE-66:20 

FRONTAL  RAMUS-66:21 

SUPRATROCHLEAR  NERVE-66 :22 

Attention  has  already  been  directed  to  the  peripheral 

distribution  of   these  nerves,  J:2a  and  V:4. 
CORPUS  ADIPOSUM  ORBITAL -75: 9 

To  be  removed   gradually  during  the  ensuing  dissection. 
TROCHLEAR  NERVE-66:9 
LACRIMAL  NERVE-66:17 

LACRIMAL  GLANDS-76:42-45  See  also  9b. 
LEVATOR  PALP5BRAE  SUPERIORIS  MUSCLE-75:3 
FASCIA  OF  EYEBALL-75:? 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  frontal  nerve  and  levator  palpebrae 

superioris  muscle  in  the  middle  of  the   orbit  and  reflecting 

their  cut  ends. 

INTERFASCIAL  SPACE-75:8 

Its  extent  iray  be  determined  by  naking  an  opening  through 
fascia  and  introducing,    the  the  handle   of  a  scalpel  or  a 
blunt  forceps  into  the  opening. 
RECTUS  SUPERIOR  MUSCLS-74:65 
OBLIQUUS  SUPERIOR  MUSCTE-74:71 

TROCHLEA~75:1 

b.  Optic  nerve. _ nas oc iliary  nerve  and  ciliary  ganglion 

The   following  structures  are  exposed  by  dividing  superior  rectus 
muscle  midway  between  its  origin  and  insertion,   reflecting  the  cut 
ends    (noting  the  superior  division  of  the  oculomotor  nerve   subjacent 
to  its  posterior  part) ,  and  carefully  removing  the  orbital  fat. 
OPTIC  NERVE- 66: 4 
NASOCILIARY  NERVE-66:23 

LONG  ROOT  OF  THE  CILIARY  GANGLION- 66:24 

LONG  CILIARY  NERYES-66:25 

POSTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL  NERVE- 66:2 6 

ANTERIOR  ETHNOIDAL  NERVE-66:27 

INFRATROCHLEAR  NERVE-66:33-35 
CILIARY  GANGLION-66:63 

SHORT  CILIARY  NERVES-66:37 

c.  Blood  vessels  of  the   orbit 
OPHTHALMIC  ARTERY-47:71 

CENTRAL  ARTERY  OF  RETINA-47:72 

LACRIMAL  ARTERY-47:72 

MUSCULAR  RAICE-47i74 

CILIARY  ARTERIES-47:75,    76,   48:1-4 

SUPRAORBITAL  ARTERY-48:5 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  ETHMOIDAL  ARTERIES-48:6,   7 

MEDIAL  PALPEBRAL  ARTERIES-48:9-ll 

FRONTAL  ARTERY-48:12 

DORSAL  ARTERY  OF  NOSE-48:13 
SUPERIOR  OPHTHALMIC  VEIN- 53: 54 
INFERIOR  OPHTHALMIC  VEIN- 53: 68 
CENTRAL  VEIN  OF  RETINA- 53 :6£ 
Tributaries  of  the  ophthalmic  veins  ard  indicated  in  53:55,    53:64-67 

d.  Retraining  structures   o f  the   orbit 
RECTUS  MEDIALi'S  MUSCLE- 74: 67 


,.  .'    . 


HEAD     AND     NECK  63. 

RECTUS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE-74:66 
RECTUS  FATPRALIS  MUSCLE-74:68 

LACERTUS  OF  RECTUS  LATERALIS  MUSCLE-74:69 
COMMON  TENDINOUS  RING  OF  ZINN-74:70 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  optic  nerve  close  to  the  optic  foramen 

and  turning  the  eyeball  anteriorly. 
OCULOMOTOR  NBRVS-66:5 

SUPERIOR  RAMUS-66:6 

INFERIOR  RAMUS-66-.7 

SHORT  ROOT  OF  CILIARY  GANGLION- 66: 8 
ABDUCENS   NERVE -67:46 
OBLIQUUS  INFERIOR  MUSCLE -7 5:2 

Exposed  by  replacing  the  eyeball  in  its  normal  position, 

everting  the  lower  eyelid,    carefully  removing  the  conjunctiva 

in  the  region  of  the  inferior  fornix. 
ZYGOMATIC  NERVE-66:40 

11.  Structures  in  the  caro tid_and  infraorbital  canals,  and  in  the 

jaterygopala-Sine   fossa. 

a.  Carotid  canal-9:41 

The  cbno,en-iis  of  the  carotid  canal  may  be  exposed  by  removing  (with 
a  bone  forcepeD  the   inferior  wall  of  the  carotid  canal,    guarding 
against  injury  to  the  auditsry  tube. 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:6fl 

CAROTICOTYMPANIC  RAMUSxx-47:69 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  NERVE  OF  SYMPATHETIC  SYSTEM- 71 :3E 

INTERNAL  CAROTID  PLEXUS-71:38 

SEEP  PETROSAL  NERVE-66:60         Its  origin  only 

b.     Maxillary  nerve  and  infraorbital  canal 

The  structures   in  relation  to  the  infraorbital  canal  and  pterygopal- 
atine  fossa  may  be  exposed  by  making  the  follordng  dissections:     a) 
begin  at  the  cut  margin  of  the  skull  just  above  the  external  acoustic 
meatus  and  sawing  through  the  squamous  part  of  the  temporal  bone  and 
great  ring  of  the  sphenoid  bone  in  a  plane  passing  obliquely  dovn- 
-.vard  and  fortrard  to  the  medial  end  of  the  superior  orbital  fissure, 
the  sar-cut  passing  just  lateral  to  the  foramen  rotundum;  b)  making 
a  second  saw-cut  extending  from  the  cut  margin  of  the  cranial  wall, 
just  above  the  anterior  m?.rgin  of  the  great  rang  of  the  sphenoid,  doTm- 
ivardinto  the  superior  orbit?,!  fissure,   joining  the  first  saw-cut; 
c)  detaching  the  r'edge  of  bone  included  beti-'een  the  tv-o  saw-cuts  and 
~ith  a  bone  forceps  removing  twhat  remains  of  the  great  "ring  of  the 
sphenoid  bone  lateral  to  the  foranen  rotundum,  retaing  intact,   hoivever, 
the  bony  circumference  of  this  aperture;   d)   and  finally  v.-ith  a  bone 
forceps    (and  chisel  if  necessary)  removing  the  superior  rail  of  the 
infraorbital  canal. 
MAXILLARY  HBRVE-66:40 

ZYGOMATIC   NERVB-66:43 
SPHEHOPALATINE  HERVES*66 : 45 
INFRAORBITAL  NERVE-66 : 46 

flDDLB  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAE  RAMOS -66: 47 
ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  RPJII-66:4S 
SUPERIOR  DENTIL  PLEIiUS -66 : 49 

This  plexus  also  includes  the  posterior  superior  al- 
veolar rami. 


.  .•• 

••»-••          ••  »  /  • 


Jit    ••  .       • 


HEAD     AND     NECK  64. 

SUPERIOR  DENTAL  KAMI- 66: 50 
SUPERIOR  GINGIVAL  RAMI-66:51 
INFRAORBITAL  ARTERY-47:60 

ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTERIES-47 : 61 

c.  Sphcnopalatine   ganglion 

The  sphenopalatine   ganglion  nay  be  located  by  following  the  lateral 
superior  nasal  rami  together  with  the  nasopalatine  nerve  back  to  the 
sphenopalatine  foramen,  and  the  lateral  posterior  inferior  rami  of  the 
anterior  palatine  nerve  back  to  the  pterygopalatine  canal,    carefully 
opening  the  canal  and -following  the  palatine  nerves  upmrd  to  the 
sphenopalatine  ganglion  which  is  situated  in  the  pterygopalati'ne 
fossa;  the  exposure   of  the  ganglion  may  also  be  facilitated  by  re- 
moving the  orbital  process  of  the  palatine  bone  and  a  portion  of 
the   body  of  the  sphenoid  bone. 
SPHENOPALATINE  GANGLION- 66: 56 

NERVE  OF  THE  PTERYGOID  CANAL- 66: 58 

This  nerve  nay  be  exposed  by  cutting  away  the  sphenoidal 
process  of  the  palate  bone  and  carefully  opening  the 
pterygoid  process  of  the  sphenoid  bone,  a  dissection  dif 
ficult,   however,   to  make. 

GREATER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NERVE-66:59 
DEEP  PF"~OSAL  NERVE- 66: 60 
ORBITAL  RAMI- 66: 57 

LATERAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI-66:61 
MEDIAL  SUPERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMI-66:62 
NASOPALATINE  NERVE-66:63 

[LATERAL}  INFERIOR  POSTERIOR  NASAL  RAMi-67:i 

PALATINE  NERVES-67:2 

ANTERIOR  PALATINE  NERVE-67:3 
MIDDLE  PALATINE  NERVE-67:4 
POSTERIOR  PALATINE  NERVE-67:5 

d-  Internal  maxillary  artery 

The  following  terminal  branches  of  the  internal  maxillary  artery  are 

in  relation  to  the  pterygopalatine  fossa  v/ith  reference  to    u.~ir 

origin  only. 

POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ALVEOLAR  ARTSRY-47:59 

INFRAORBITAL  ARTERY-47:60 

DESCENDING  PALATINE  ARTERY-47:62 

SPHENOPALATINE  ARTERY-47:66 

12.  Auditory  apparatus:  external  and  middle  ear 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  incisions  made  through  the  skull  in  the 
course  of  the  preceding  dissections  have  restulted  in  the  isolation  of  a 
somewhat  wedge-shaped  segment  of  the  cranium  including  the  greater  part  of 
the  temporal  bone  and  the  organ  of  hearing.  With  reference  to  the  three 
subdivisions  of  the  organ  of  hearing,  some  of  the  structures  relative  to 
the  external  ear  have  already  been  listed  under  Section  1:4,  and  attention 
directed  to  the  auditory  tube  of  the  middle  ear. under  Section  X:4. 

c.   c.  Walls  of  the  tympanic  cavity 

The  tympanic  cavity  and  its  several  walls  may  be  demonstrated  by 
removing  the  squamous  part  of  the  temporal  bone  by  a  horizontal  saw- 
cut  made  just  above  the  level  of  the  petrous  part  of  the  temporal 
bone  and  making  an  opening  through  the  tegmen  tympani  of  the  temporal 
bone  (9:12)  just  lateral  to  the  arcuate  eminence  (9:13),  and  about 


• 


... 


•''.'. 

'. 

•    . 
' . 


HEAD  AND  NECK  65. 

1  cm.  anterior  to  the  superior  angle  (9:8)  of  the  pyramids  of  pars 

petrosa  (9:3),  and  exposing  the  tympanic  antrum  of  the  mastoid  wall 

of  the  tympanic  antrum  of  the  mastoid  wall  of  the  tympanic  cavity 

(77:17);  this  opening  may  then  be  carefully  enlarged  with  a  bone 

forceps  and  the  entire  roof  or  tegmental  wall  of  the  tympanic  cavity 

removed. 

TEGMENTAL  WALL-76:69 

EPITYMPANIC  RECESS-77:! 
PARS  CUPULARIS-77:2 
JUGULAR  WALL-77:3 

STYLOID  PRDMINENCE-77:4 
MASTOID  WALL-77:16 

TYMPANIC  ANTRUM- 77: 17 

PROMINENCE  OF  LATERAL  SEMICIRCULAR  CANAL-77:18 
PROMINENCE  OF  FACIAL  CANAL-77H9 
PYRAMIDAL  EMINENCE-77:20 
FOSSA  OF  INCUS-77:21 
POSTERIOR  SINUS-77:22 

TYMPANIC  APERTURE  OF  CANALICULUS   OF  THE   CHORDA-77:23 
CAROTID  WALL-77:26 
LABYRINTHIC  WALL-77:5 

FENESTRA  VESTIBULI-77:6,   7 
PROMONTORY-77:8-. 
SINUS  OF  TYMPANUM-77:ll 
FENESTRA  CBCHLAE-77:12-14 
PROCESSUS   COCHLEARIFORMIS-77:15 
MBkSTOID  CELLS-77:24 
TYMPANIC  CELLS-77:25 
MEMBRANOUS  WALL-77:27 

TYMPANIC  MEMBRANE-77:28 
PARS  FLACClDA-77:29 
PARS  TENSA-77:30 
LIMBU5  MEMBRANAE  TYMPANI-7T:31 
ANTERIOR  MALLSOLAR  FOLD-77:32 
POSTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  FOLD-77:33 
MALLEOLAR  PROMINENCE-77 :34 
MALLEOLAR  STRIA-77:35 
UMBO  MEMBRANE  TYMPANI-77:36 
FIBROCARTILAGINOUS  RING-77 : 3  8 

Structurally  the  tympanic  membrane  consists  of  several 
tissue  layers*<77:37,   77:41 
MUCOUS  MEMBRANE  OF  THE  TYMPANIC  CAVITY-78:! 

b.  Auditory  ossicles,   articulations,   ligaments  and  muscles 
STAPES-77:43 

HEAD-77:44 

ANTERIOR  LIMB-77:45 

POSTERIOR  LIMB-77:46 

BASE-77:47 
INCUS-77:48 

BODY-77 :49 

LONG  LIMB-77:50 

LENTICULAR  PROCESS-77:51 

SHORT  LIMB-77:52 
MALLEUS-77:53 

MANUBRJUM-77:54 


..    . 


.  •     -    :  :  .      ' 


HEAD     AND     NECK  65. 

NECK-77-.56 

LATERA^  PROCESS-77:57 

ANTERIOR  PROCESS-77:58 
ARTICULATIONS  OF  THE  AUDITORY  OSSICLES-77:59 

ARTICULATION  BETWEEN  INCUS  AND  MALLEUS-77:60 

ARTICULATION  BETWEEN  INCUS  AND  STAPES-77:61 

SYNDESMOSIS  OF  STAPES  AND  TYMPANUM-77  :  62 
LIGAMENTS   OF  THE  AUDITORY  OSSICLES-77:63 

The   following  ligaments  are  difficult  to  expose  in  an  ordinary 

dissection: 

ANTERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  MALLEUS-77:64 

SUPERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  MALLEUS-77:65 

LATERAL  LIGAMENT  OF  MALLEUS-77:66 

SUPERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  INCUS-77:67 

POSTERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  INCUS-77:68 

OBTURATOR  MEMBRANE  OF  STAPES-77:69 

ANNULAR  LIGAMENT  OF  BASE  OF  STAPES-77:70 
MUSCLES   OF  AUDITORY  OSSICLES.  77:  72 

TENSOR  TYMPANI  MUSCLE-77:73 

STAPEDIUS  MUSCLE-77:74 
AUDITORY  TUBE-78:11         See  also  Section  X:4. 


c.  External  acoustic  meg 

Its  interior  is  exposed  by  removing  (with  a  bone  forceps  and  chisel). 

the  anterior  wall  of  the  extenral  acoustic  meatue,   guarding  against 

injury  to  the  tympanic  membrane. 

EXTERNAL  ACOUSTIC  PORUS-78:26 

TYMPANIC  INCISURE-78:27 

CARTILAGINOUS  EXTERNAL  ACOUSTIS  MEATU3«78:28 

CARTILAGE  OF  ACOUSTIC  MEATUS  -78:2  9-31 

The  auricle  of  the  external  ear  has  been  dealt  with  under  Section  1:4, 

13.  Intr.i  osseous  course  of  the    iacial.   intermediate  and  acoustic  nerves 

The  squamous  portion  of  the  temporal  bone  has  already  been  removed, 
X:lCa,  and  the  upper  part  of  the  petrous  part  of  the  bone  may  now 
be  removed  by  a  horizontal  saw-cut   just  above  the  roof  of  the  inter- 
nal acoustic  meatus,  the  cut  extending  laterally  into  the  tympanum. 
In  relation  to  the  nastoid  wall  of  the  tympanum  attention  has  already 
been  directed  to  the  prominence  of  the  facial  canal  in  which  runs 
the  facial  nerve,  X:12a.     This  canal  may  now  be  opened  with  a  bone 
forceps  and  chisel,   followed  into  the  labyrinthic  wall  of  the 
tympanum,   the  roof  of  the  internal  acoustic  meatus  removed  and  the 
facial  nerve  exposed  through  the  superior  part  of  the  facial  canal. 
The  inferior  part  of  the  facial  canal  may  be  demonstrated  by  remov- 
ing the  bone  posterior  and  lateral  to  it  by  means  of  the  two  follow- 
ing saw-  cuts:  a)  a  frontal   (vertical  transverse)   cut  in  a  plane   just 
posterior  to  the  stylomastoid  foramen;  b)  a  sagittal   (vertical 
anteroposterior)  cut   just  lateral  to  the  stylomastoid  foramen  to 
meet  the  first  cut,   removing  the  excised  bone  with  a  bone  forceps 
and  chisel. 
FACIAL  NERVE-67:47 

GENU  OF  THE  FACIAL  NERVE-  67:  48 

GENICULATE  GANGLION-  67:  49 

STAPEDIUS  NERVE-  67:  50 

ANASTOMOSING  RAMUS  WITH  THE  TYMPANIC  PLEXUS-67:51 
INTERMEDIATE  NERVE-67:63 


:! 


- 
.  . 


HEAD     AND     NECK  67. 

GREATER  SUPERFICIAL  PETROSAL  NSRVE-66:69 

This  nerve,  while  transmitting  sensory  fibers  of  the 
intermediate  nerve,   is  classed  systematically  with  the 
sphenopalatine   ganglion  and  not  as  a  branch  of  the 
intermediate  nerve. 

CHORDA  TYMPANI- 67 : 64 
ACOUSTIC   NERVE-67:65 


XI.  Brain:   General   Characteristics.^  Meninges     Blood   Vessels  and  Cerebral 

Nerves 

1..     Larger  subdivisions  _of  the  brain 

For  the  removal  of   the  brain  see  II:2a.     A  demonstration  of  its 
structures  can  best  be  undertaken  in  a  specimen  which  has  been 
hardened  in  formalin. 

The  following  subfiitisions  of  the  brain  may  be  identified  by  in- 
spection without  disturbing  the  meninges  and  blood  vessels. 
ENCEPHALON  OR  BRAIN-59:10 
RHOMBENCEPHALON-  59:11 

MYELENCEPHALON-  5  9  :  12 

IEDUL*      CBLCNGATA-59:13 
METENCEPHALOiv-60  :18 
PONS-60:19 
CEREBELLUM-  60:  53 
CEREBRUM-61:36 

ME5ENCSPHALON-61  :40 
PROSENCEPHALON-62  :12 

DIENCEPHALON-62  :13 

Cannot  be  favorably  demonstrated  in  the 
intact  brain. 
TELENCEPHALON-63  :5 

Bubdivided  into  hemispheres-  63:  6  separated  by 
the  longitudinal  fissure  of  the  cerebrum-  63  :8. 

2.     Meninges  and  blood  vessels  of  the,  brain 

Some  of  the  follo7/ing  structures  have  already  been  listed  in  con- 
nection with  the  removal  of  the  brain  11:1. 


a  .  Meninges485  :32 

DURA  MATER  0?  BRAIil-65:33 
FALX  CEREBRI-65:34 
TENTORIUM  CEREBSLLI-65:35 
EALX  CEREBELLI-65-.36 
DIAPHRAGM  S£LLAE-65:37 
FORAJdEN  DIAPHHAGMATIS-  65  :  3  8 
IHCISURA  TENTORII-65:39 
ARACHNOID  OF  BRAIN-  65:45 

SUBARACHNOID  CAVITY-65:46 
SUBARACHNOID  CISTERNS-  6  5:47 

The  structural  characteristics   of  the  cubarachnoid  cis- 
terns may  be  demonstrated  by  making  a  median  sagittal 
incision  through  the  arachnoid  membrane  it:t;~c  region  of  the 
anterior  surface  of  the  medulla  oblongata  and  pons  and 


HEAD     AND     NECK  68. 

carefully  reflecting  the  txvo   flaps  of  the  arachnoid 
laterally. 

CISTERNA  CEREBELLOMEDULLARY** -65:48 
CISTERNA  FOSSAE  LATERALIS   CEREBRI     SYLVIIXX -65:49 
CISTERNA  CHIASMATIS**-65:50 
CISTERNA  INTERPEDUNCULARISX*_65:51 
CISTERNA  VENAE  MAGNAE  CEREBRI3"- 65: 52 
ARACHNCIDAL  GRANULATIONS- 65: 51          See  also  II  :l/' 
PIA  MATER  OF  THE  BRAIN- 65: 54 

b.  Blood  vessels  of  the  brain 

Demonstrated  by  carefully  removing  the  arachnoid  membrane  with 
scissors  and  forceps  so   far  as  this  can  be  done  without  injuring  or 
lacerating  the  brain  itself. 
VERTEBRAL  ARTERY-48:21 

POSTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY  **-48:2  3 

ANTERIOR  SPINAL  ARTERY*X-48:24 

POSTERIOR  INFERIOR  CEREBELLAR  ARTERY-48:26 
BASILAR  ARTERY-48:27 

ANTERIOR  INFERIOR  CERSEELLAR  ARTERY-48:28 

INTERNAL  AUDITORY  ARTERY»-48:29 

PONTINE  RAMP^S^O 

SUPERIOR  CEREBET..LAR  ARTSRY-48:3l 

POSTERIOR  CEREB^      ARTERY-48:32 

ARTERIAL  CIRCLE  OF  WILLIS-48:33 
INTERNAL  CAROTID  ARTERY-47:68 

POSTERIOR  COMMON! GATING  ARTERY-48:15 

CHORIOID  AAPJF,RYXX-48:16 

ANTERIOR  CEREbRAL  ARTERY-48:17 

ANTERIOR  COMMUNICATING  ARTERY-48:18 

MIDDLE  CEREBRAL  ARTERY-48:19 
VEINS 'OF  THE  BRAIN-53:41 

For  the  sinuses  of  the  dura  mater  see  II;2c.     The  cerebral  veins 

are  tributaries   of  these  sinuses.     The  deeper  veins  cannot  be 

favorably  demonstrated  at  the  present  stage   of  the  dissection; 

the  following  veins  are  superficial  in  position: 

SUPERIOR  CEREBRAL  VEINS-53:42 

MIDDLE  CEREBRAL  VEINS 53: 43 

INFERIOR  CEREBRAL  VEINS-53:44 

SUPERIOR  CEREBELLAR  VEINS- 53:45 

INFERIOR  CEREBELLAR  VEINS-53:46 

BASAL  VEIN- 53: 51 

3  .     Base   of  the  brain  and  the  cerebral  nefves 

a.  Base  of  the  brain 

Exposed  by  removing  (with  a  forceps  and  scissors)   the  remaining  parts 
of  meninges  and  blood  vessels  from  the  base   of  the  brain,    care  being 
taken  to   guard  against  the  tearing  away  of  the  cerebral  nerves. 
CEREBRAL  PEDUNCLES-61:46 
OPTIC  CHIASMA-62:36 
OPTIC  TRACT-62:33 
INTERPENDUNCULAR  FOSSA- 61 :42 
ANTERIOR  RECESSXX -61:43 
POSTERIOR  RECESS^-ei  :44 
POSTERIOR  PERFORATED  SUBSTANCE- 61:45 
MAMILLARY  BODIES-62:26 


HEAD     AND     NECK  69, 


TUBER  CINEREUM-62 :28 

INFUNDI8ULUM-62 :2  9 

LONGITUNINAL  FISSURE  OF  CEREBRUM-63:8 

LATERAL  FISSURE  OF  CEREBRUM- 63:16 

PONS-60:19 

MEDULLA  OBLONGATA-59:13 

b.  Cerebral  nerves 

OLFACTORY  NERVES-66:3 
OPTIC  NERVE- 66: 4 
OCULOMOTOR  NERVE- 66: 5 
TROCHLEAR  NERVE- 66: 9 
TRIGEMINAL  NERVE- 66 ;11 

PORTIO  lvIAJOR-66:12 

PORTIO  MINOR- 66: 14 
ABDUCENS  NERVE-67:46 
FACIAL  NERVZ-67:47 

INTERMEDIATE  NERVE- 67: 63 
ACOUSTIC  NERVE-67:65 

VESTIBULAR  ROOT- 67: 66 

COCHLEAR  ROOT" 67: 67 
GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL  NERVE-68:8 
VAGUS  NERVE-68:22 
ACCESSORY  NERVE-68:5r. 
HYPOGLOSSAL  NERVE-68:60 


XII.  Brain:  Surface  Anatomy  of  the  Rhombencephalon  and  Mesencephalon 
1«  Rhonbencephalon-59:ll 

To  facilitate  the  exposure  of  structures  in  the  rhombencephalon  and 
mesencfjphalon  the  following  incisions  may  be  made  for  the  removal  of 
the  right  hemisphere  of  the  cerebrum  and  the  right  half  of  the 
cerebellum:  a)  with  a  sharp,  thin  knife  making  a  transverse  incision 
through  the  right  cerebral  peduncle  just  behind  the  right  corpus 
mamillare,.  pressing  apart  the  two  cerebral  hemispheres,  exposing  *he 
corpus  callosum  and  beginning  at  the  corpus  callosum,  making  a  nearly 
median  sagittal  incision  through  all  the  structures  in  the  middle 
line  of  the  pirpsencephalon;  the  latter  incision  should  preferably 
pass  slightly  to  the  left  of  the  raidline,  leave  the  septum  pellucidua 
attached  to  the  right  hemisphere,  and  then  carried  posteriorly  until 
it  meets  the  transverse  incision  just  made  through  the  cerebral 
peduncle  and  thus  attaching  the  right  cerebral  hemisphere;  b)  in  the 
came  manner  a  second  median  sagittal  incision  is  aade  through  the 
vermis  of  the  cerebellum,  guarding  against  cutting  into  the  floor  of 
the  fourth  ventricle  but  carrying  the  incision  forward  through  the 
anterior  medullary  velum  as  far  as  the  inferior  colliculi  of  the 
mesencephalon;  finally  by  cutting  through  the  brachium  conjunctivum, 
brachium  pontis  and  the  corpus  restiforme  on  the  right,  the  right 
half  of  the  cerebellum  is  detached,  (both  the  right  cerebral  hemis- 
phere and  the  right  half  of  the  cerebellum  being  transferred  to  pre- 
serving fluid  for  later  reference.) 


- 


.     •    :  -..::•. 


HE<VD     Aro     NECK  70, 

a.  Medulla  oblon{gvta-59:13 

POSTERIOR  MEDIAN  FISSURE-.|J9:?.4 
ANTERIOR  MEDIAN  FISSUR£-59:15 
FORAMEN  CAECUM-59:16 
PYRAM1D--59:17 

DECUSSATION  OF  PYRAMIDS-59:18 
ANTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS-59:19 
POSTERIOR  LATERAL  SULCUS-59:20 
OLIVE~59:21 
RESTJFORM  BODY-  59:22 
FUNICULUS  LATERALIS-59:23 
FUNICULUS  CUNEATUS-59:24 
TUESRCULUM  CINEREUM-59-.25 
FUNICULUS  0^017,12-59:26 

CLAVA-59:37 
EXTERNAL  ARCUATE  FIBERS-59:28 

b.  Pons«SO:19 

BASILAR  SULCUS-60:20 
BRACHIUM  PONTIS-60:33 

c.  Isthmus   of  rhombencephalon-61:25 

BRACHIUM  CONJUNCTIVUM-61:26 
LEMNISCUS»61:2 

TRIGONUM  LEMNISCI-61:30 
ANTERIOR  MEDULLARY  VELUM-  61:31 

FRENULUM  OF  ANTERIOR  MEDULLARY  VELUM-61:32 

d.  Cerebellum 

GYRI  OF  THE  CEREBELLUM-  60:  54 
SULCI  OF  THE  CEREBELLUM-  60:  55 
VALLECULA  CEREBELLI-60:56 
INCISURA.  CEREBELLI  ANTERIOR-  60:  57 
INCISURA   CEREEELLI  POSTERIOR-  60:  58 
HORIZONTAL  SULCUS-60:59 
TRANSVERSE  FISSUREXX-60:60 
VERIflS-60:61 

LINGULA  CEREBELLI-  60:  62,    63 

CENTRAL  LOBE-60:6?f 

MONTICULUS-60:65 


DECLIVii-60:67 
FOLIUM  VERJ/HS-60:68 
TUBER  VERMIS-60:69 


NODULE  -60:  72 

HEMISPHERE  OF  CEREBELLUM-  60:  73 
SUPERIOR  SURFACE-  60:  14 

ALALLOBULI  CENTRALIS-60:75 
LOBULUS  QUAD.RANGULARIS-60:7f 
PARS  ANTERIOR,  60:  7  7 
PARS  POSTERIOR-60:78 
LOBUI.Uo  5ES3IUTJNARIS  SUPERIOR-61:! 
INFERIOR  SURFACE-61:2 

LOBUI.US  SEMILUNARIS  INFERIOR-61  :3 
LOBULUS  BIVENTER-61:4 
TONSIL  OF  CEREBULLU  M-61:5 


1 


HEA.D     AND     NECK  71. 

2.  Fourth  ventricle -59: 58 

a.  Floor  of  the  fourth  ventricle 

RHOMBOID  FOSSA-b9:59  • 

PARS  INFERIOR  ^CALAMUS  SCRIPTORIUSJ-59:60 
PARS  INTERMEDIA-  5  9 : 62 

LATERAL  RECSSS-59:63 
PARS  SUPERIOR- 59: 64 
SULCUS  LIMITANS-59:65 

FOVEA  INFERIOR-59:66 

FOVEA  SUPERIOR- 60:1 
21GONUM  N.  HYPOGLOSSI-60:2 
STRIAE  MEDULLARES-60:3 
EMIN3NTIA  MEDIALIS-60:4' 
riOLLICULUS  FACIALIS-60:5 
ALA  CINEREA-60:6 
AREA  ACUSTICA-60:? 
LOCUS   CAERULEUS-60:8 

b.  Roof  of.  the  fipurth  ventricle-60:9 

POSTERIOR  MEDULLARY  VELUM- 60: 10 
TAENIA  VENTRICULI   QUARTI-60:!! 

OBEX-60:12 
EPITHELIAL  CHOR-^D  LAYER.60:13  ^ 

MEDIAN  APERW.E  ^FORAIvlEN  OF  MffiNDIEJ-60:14 

LATERAL  AP2RTURE-60:16 
FASTIGIUM-60:17 

3 .  Me8encephalon-61 :40 

For  structures  relative  to  the  inferior  surface  of  the  mesencephalon- 
61:41^45,   see  XI:3a. 
CEREBRAL  PEDUNCLES -61:46 

AQUAEDUCTUS  CEREBRI-61:47 

SULCUS  LATERALIS-61:48 

SULCUS  N.  OCULOMOTORII- 61:49 
QUADRIGEMINAL  BODIES-62:! 

LAMINA  QUADRIGEMINA-62:2 

COLLICULUS  SUPERIOR-62:3 

COLLICULUS  INFERIOR-62 :4 

BRAOHIUM  QUADRIGEMINUM  SUPBRIUS-62 :5 

BRAGHIUM  QUADRIGEMINUM  INFERIUS-62 :6 

XIJX.  Brain:  Surface  Anatoniv_of  the  Prosencephalon 
11     General  gjibdivisions  of  the  prosencephalon 

The  remaining  cerebral  hemisphere  may  be  detached  by  carefully  cut-    . 
ting  through  the  left  cerebral  peduncle   just  posterior  to  the  left 
mamillary  body,   the  rhombencephalon  and  mesencephalon  being  trans- 
ferred to  preserving  fluid  for  a  later  reference. 
PROSENCEPHALON- 62 : 3.2 

DXENCEPHALCN-62 :13 

THARLAMSNCSPHALON-62 :51 
PARS  MAMMILLARIS  HYPOTHALAL'J-62  :25 
TELENCEPHALON-63 : 5 


:-•         -•    -    . 


•. 


.  • 


. 


•.      -• 


• 


'     .- 


HEAD     AND     !ECi:  72, 

HEMISPHERE- 63: 6 

BARS  OPTICA  HYPOTHALAMI-62:27 


2«     Telencephalon 


a.  Pallium;    general  characteristics 
LONGITUDINAL  FISSURE  OF  CEREBRUM-63 :8 
TRANSVERSE  FISSURE   OF  CEREBRUM-63 : 9 
SULCI  OF  THE   CEREBRUM-63 : 13 

GYRI  OF  THE   CEREBRUM-63  ilO 

GYRI  PROFUNDI~63:11 

GYRI  TRANSITIVI-63:12 

GRAY  SUBSTANCE- 58: 5 

WHITE  SUBSTANCE -58: 4 
PETROSAL  IMPRESSION-63:14 
LATERAL  CEREBRAL  FOSSA-63:15 
LATERAL  CEREBRAL  FISSURE     SYLVIAN  -63:16 

POSTERIOR  RAMUS-63:17 

ASCENDING  ANTERIOR  RAMUS-63:18 

HORIZONTAL  ANTERIOR  RAMUS-63:19 

The  pallium  as  a  whole  is  subdivided  into  the  following  five  lobes 
and  related  fissures  and  sulci: 
LATERAL  CEREBRAL  FISSURE  fSYLVIAN}-63:16 
CENTRAL  SULCUS-63 :3C 
PARIETO-OCCIPITAL  FISSuffi-64:12 
COLLATERAL  FISSURE-63 :60 
CIRCULAR  SULCUS-63  :25 
FRONTAL  LOBE- 63: 33 
TEMPORAL  LOBE- 63: 50 
OCCIPITAL  LOBE-63:63 
PARIETAL  LOBE- 63: 70 
INSULA-63:21 

b.  Lobes  of  the  cerebrum 
FRONTAL  LOBE- 63: 33 

FRONTAL  POLE-63:34 
ANTERIOR  CENTRAL  OfYRUS-63:31 
PRECENT.TAL  SULCUS-63  :35 
SUPERIOR  FRONTAL  GYRUS-63:36 
SUPERIOR  FRONTAL  SULCUS-63 :37 
MIDDLE  FRONTAL  GYRUS-63:38 

PARS  SUPERIOR-63:39 

PARS  INFERIOR- 63: 40 
INFERIOR  FRONTAL  SULCUS- 63:41 
INFERIOR  FRONTAL  GYRUS-63:42 

PARS  DPERCULARIS-63:43 

PARS  TRIANGULARIS-63:44 

PARS  CRBITALIS-63:4» 
STRIGHT  GYRUS-63:46 
OLFACTORY  SULCUS- 63: 47 
ORBITAL  GYRI- 63:48 
ORBITAL  SULCI-63-.49 
PARIETAL  LOBE- 63: 70 

POSTERIOR  CENTRAL  GYRUS-63:32 
SUPERIOR  PARIETAL  LOBULE-63:71 
TNTERPARIETAL  SULCUS- 63: 72 
INFERIOR  PARIETAL  LOBULE- 63: 73 


': 


HEAD     AND     NECK  73. 

SUPRAMARGINAL  GYRUS-63:74 

ANGULAR  GYRUS-63:75 
TEMPORAL  LOBE- 63: 50 

TEMPORAL  POLE -63: 51 
TRANSVERSE  TEMPORAL  SULCI-63&52 
TRANSVERSE  TEMPORAL  GYRI-63:53 
SUPERIOR  TEMPORAL   GYRUS-63:54 
SUPERIOR  TEMPORAL  SULCUS-63:55 
MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  GYRUS-63:56 
MIDDLE  TEMPORAL  SULCUS-63:57 
INFERIOR  TEMPORAL  GYRUS-63:58 
INFERIOR  TEMPORAL  SULCUS-63 :59 
COLLATERAL  FISSURE-63 .30 
FUSIFORM  GYRUS-63:61 
LINGUAL  GYRUS-63:6!| 
OCCIPITAL  LOBE-63:63 

OCCIPITAL  POLE- 63: 64 
TRANSVERSE  OCCIPITAL  SULCUS-63: 65 
SUPERIOR  OCCIPITAL  GYRI-63:66 
SUPERIOR  OCCIPITAL  SULCI-63:67 
LATERAL  OCCIPITAL  GYRI-63:68 
LATERAL  OCCIPITAL  SULCI-63:69 
INSULA-63221 

OPERCULUM-63:26 

PARS  FRONTS.  ;-63:27 

PARS  PARIETALIS-63:28 

PARS  TEMPORALIS-63:29 
GYRI  INS ULAE- 63:22 

Exposed  by  pulling  apart. the  margins  of  the  lateral  fissure, 

cutting  away  a  part  of  the     perculun  if  necessary. 

GYRUS  LONGUS  INSULAE-63:23 

GYRI  BREVES  INSULAE-63:24 
SULCUS   CENTRALIS-63:30 
SULCUS   CIRCULARISE 63:2 5 

c.  Medial  surface   of  the__hemisphere-63:76 
&ULCUS  CORPORIS   CALLOSI-63 :77 
SULCUS  CIMGULI-63:78 

PARS  SUBFRONTALIS-63L79 

PARS  MARGINALIS-64:! 
SULCUS  SUBPARIETALIS-64:2 
FISSURA  HIPPOCAMPI -64: 3 

In  the   figsura  hippocampi  the  fascia  dentata  hippocampi-64:56, 

and  the  fimbria  hippocarapi-64 : 53 ,   nay  be  observed. 
GYRUS  FORNICATUS-64:4 

GYRUS  CINGULI-64:5 

ISTHMUS   GYRI  FORNICATI-64:6 

GYRUS  HIPPOCAMPI- 64: 4 

UNCUS-64:8 

SUBSTANTIA  RETICULARIS  ALBA-64:9 
LOBULUS  PARACENTRALIS-64:10 
PRAECUNEUS-64:ll 
FISSURA  PARIETOOCCIPITALIS-64:12 
FISSURA  CALCARINA-64:13 


HEAD     AND     NECK  74. 

d.  Rhinencephalon-64:58     , 

SULCUS  PAROLFACTORIUS  ANTERIOR- 64: 59 
PARS  ANTERIOR- 64: 60 

LOB  US  OEFACTORIUS-64:61 

BULBUS   02FACTORIUS-64:62 
TRACTUS   OLFACTORIU3-64:63 
TRIGONUM  GLFACTORJKJM-64:64 
STRIA  ME DIALI 5-64:65 
STRIA  INTERMEDIA-64:66 
AREA  PAROLFACTORIA-64:67 
SULCUS  PAROLFACTORIUS  POSTERIOR- 64: 68 
PARS  POSTERIOR-64:69 

GYRUS  SUBCALLOSUS-64:70 

SUBSTANTIA  PERFORATA  ANTERIOR- 64: 71 
STRIA  OLFACTORIA  LATERALIS-64:72 
LIMEN  INSULAE-64:73 

e  .  Hvpothalamus-62 :24 

PARS  OPTICA  HYEOTHALAMI- 62:27 

Only  the  optic  part  of  the  hypothalamus  is  in  relation  to  the 

telencephalon;  the  raamillary  part-62:25,   includes  the  corpus 

mamillare-62  :26. 

TUBER  CINEREUM-62:28 

INFUNDIBULUM-62   "9 

HYPOPHYSIS-62:30 

LOBUS  ANTERIOR- 62: 31 

LOB US  POSTERIOR- 62: 32 
TRACTUS  OPTICUS-62:33 

RADIX  MEDIALIS-62:34 

RADIX  LATERALIS- 62:35 
CHIASMA  OPTICUM- 62:36 
LAMINA  TERMINALIS-62:37 

_f_._Corp_us_£allosum-64 : 15_ 

The  corpus  callosum  nay  be  demonstrated  by  slicing  off  the  upper  part 
of  the  right  hemisphere  at  the  level  of  the  sulcus  cinguli    (incident- 
ally exposing  the  centrum  eemiovale-64:76) ,   cutting  transversely 
through  the  middle  of  the  gyrus  cinguli  and  carefully  tearing  aisay 
the  anterior  and  posterior  parts  of  the   gyrus  cinguli,    exposing  at 
the  same  time  parts  of  the  radiatio  corporis  callosi-65:6-ll,  and 
the  cingulum-65:2. 
SPLENIUM  CORPORIS  CALLOSI-64:16 
TRUNCUS  CORPORIS  CALLOSI-64:17 
GENU  CORPORIS  CALLOSI-64:18 
ROSTRUM  CROPORIS  CALLOSI-64:19 

LAMINA  ROSTRALIS-64:20 
STRIAE  TRANS VERSAE- 64:21 
STRIA  LONGITUDINALIS  MEDIALIS-64:22 
STRIA  LONGITUDINALIS  LATERALIS- 64:23 
FASCIOLA  CINEREA-64:24 

R.  Ventriculus  lateralis-64:35 

The  lateral  ventricle  may  be  exposed  by  making  the  following  dissec- 
tions: a)   making  a  longitudinal  incision  through  the  corpus  callosum 
about  1  cm.  from  the  medial  sagittal  plane,   reflect  lateralward  and 
detach  the  part  of  the  corpus  callosum  lateral  to  the  incision,  tak- 
ing care  to  leave  in  situ  the  part  of  the  corpus     callosum  medial  to 


. 


HEAD     AND     NECK  75. 

the  incision  and  the-  pars   occipitalia   of  the  radiatio  corporis 
callosi-65:10;  b)    cutting  backward  and  lateralward  through  the 
medullary  substance   forming  the  roof  of  the  ventricular  cavity,   remove 
enough  of  the  roof  to  expose  the  interior  of  the  central  part  of  the 
cavity;  c)   to  open  the  inferior  cornu  extend  the  preceding  incision 
downward  and  forward  through  the  lateral  part  of  the  temporal  lobe 
towards  the  temporal  pole,    following  the  course  of  the  cavity  (which 
lies  nearly  parallel  to  the  superior  temporal  sulcus)  ,  and  remove  the 
part  of  the  temporal  lobe  superior  to  this  incision  together  with  the 
pars  temporalis  of  the   operculum-63  :36,   but  guarding  the  insula  from 
injury. 
CORNU  ANTERIUS-64:37 

CAPUT  NUCLEI   CAUDATI-  64:42 
PARS  CENTRALIS-64:36 

NUCLEUS   CAUDATUS-64:41 

STRIA  TERMINALIS-64:44 

TERMINAL  VEIN-  53:  50 

LAMINA  AFFICA-  64:45 

LAMINA  CHORIOIDEA  EPTTHELIALIS-64:47 

PLEXUS  CHORIOIDEUS   VENTRICULI  LATERALIS-65:62 

TAENIA  CHORIOIDEA.  64:  64 

THALAMUS-62:52         Largely  covered  by  the  fcborioid  plexus. 

TAENIA  FORNICIS-64:28 
CORNU  POSTERIUS-64:3R 

TAPETUM-65:11  1th  reference  only  to  the  roof  and  lateral 

wall   of  the  posterior  cornu. 

CALCAR  AVIS-  64:48 

(BULBUS  CORNU  POSTERIORIS)  -64:49 
CORNU  INFERIUS-64:39 

The  mutual  relations  of  the  inferior  cornu  and  the  insula  may  be 

more  thoroughly  examined  by  insinuating  the   fingers  beneath  the 

pars  frontalis  and  pars  parietalis  of  the  operculun-63:27,  28, 

and  carefully  tearing  away  the  cortex  in  an  upward  direction, 

The   following  two  structures  are  in  relation  to  the  inferior 

wall: 

E1HNENTIA  COLLATERALS-  64-50         Sometimes  absent. 
TRIGONUM  COLLATERALE-64:51 

The   following  structures  are  in  relation  to  the  lateral  and 

superior  walls  of  the  inferior  cornu: 

TAPETUM-65H1 

NUCLEUS  AMYGDALAE-65:21 

STRIA  TERMINALIS-64:44 

CAUDA  NUCLEI  CAUDATI-64:43 

In  relation  to  the  medial  wall  the  following  structures  may  be 

observed: 

HIPPOCAMPUS-64:52 

DIGITATIONES  HIPPOCAMPI-64:55 
KIMBRIA  HIPPOCAMPI-64:53 

CHORIOID  PLSXUS-65:62 

TAENIA  FIMBRIAE-64:54 

h.  Sgptua     ellucidum     fornix 


The  septum  pellucidum  and  fornix  are  exposed  by  cutting  through  the 
occipital  part  of  the  radiation  of  the  corpus  callosum  (of  the  right 
hemisphere)  and  through  the  fimbria  hippocampi  at  the  point  where  it 
passes  into  the  crus  fornicis,  then  carrying  the  knife  anteriorly  from 
the  anterior  end  of  the  inferior  horn,  above  the  level  of  the  uncus, 


. 

;       • 


HEAD     AND     NECK  76. 

through  the  temporal  pole,   separating  the  temporal  lobe,   together 
witn  the   hippocampal  gyrus  medial  to  it,   from  the  remainder  of  the 
brain  along  the  line  of  the  transverse   fissure  of  the  cerebrum; 
finally  paring  away  enough  of  the  cut  edge  of  the  medial  part  of  the 
corpus  callosum  necessary  to  satisfactorily  demonstrate  the  septum 
pellucidum  and  fornix. 
SEPTUM  PELLUCIDUM- 64:32 

LAMINA  SEPTI  PELLUCIDI- 64:33 
CAVUIvi  SEPTI  PELLUCIDI-64-.34 

Exposed  by  cutting  through  the  remaining  medial  part  of 
the  corpus  callosum  just  posterior  to  the   genu,   carefully 
detaching  it  from  the  septum  pellucidum  and  fornix  and 
separating  the  two  laminae   of  the  sejitum. 
FORNIX- 64:2 5 

CRUS  FORNICIS-64:26 
CORPUS  FORNICIS-64:27 

TAENIA  FORNICIS- 64:28 
COLUMNA  FORNICIS-64:29 

PARS  LIBERA  CCLlEiNAE  FORIJICIS-64:30 
PARS  TSCTA  COLUUNAE  FORNICIS- 64: 31 
TELA  CHORIOIDEA  YSKTRICULI  TERTII-65:60 

Exposed  by  cutting  transversely  through  the  middle  of  the  corpus 
fornicix,   carefully  raising  the  two  parts   of  the  fornix  and 
reflecting  them  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,    noting  the 
conmissura  hip^,     jnpi-64:57,   situated  between  the  crura  of 
the   fornix. 
INTERNAL  CEREBRAL  VEINS-53 :47 

VEIN  OF  SEPTUM  PELLUCIDUM-53 :49 
TERMINAL  VEIN-53:50 
CHORIOID  VEIN-53:52 
ELEXUS  CHORIOIDEUS  VENTRICULI  LATERALIS-65:62 

GLOMUS   CHORIOinEUM-65:63 
PLEXUS  CHORIOIDEUS  VENTRICULI  TERTII-65:61 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  terminal  vein  at  its  junction  with 
the  internal  cerebral  vein,   seizing  the  apex  of  the  tela 
chorioidea  and  pulling  it  backwards  exposing  the  cavity 
of  the  third  ventricle,   but  guarding  against  injury  to  the 
attachments  of  the  corpus  pineale-62:62 

2.     Thalamencephalon-62:51 

a.  _Thalamus-62:52 

PULVINAR-62 : 53 

TUBERCULUM  ANTERIUS  THALAMI-62 :54 

TAENIA  THALAMI-62 :55 

STRIA  MEDULLARIS-62:56 

LAMINA  CKORIOIDEA  EPITHSLIALIS-62:57 

b,.  Metathalarnus-62 : 58 

CORPUS  GENICULATUM  MEDIALE-62:59 
CORPUS  GENICULATU1!  LATERALE-62  :60 

c.  Epithalamus-62  :61 

CORPUS  PINEALE-62:62 
RECESSUS  PINEALIS-62:63 
RECESSUS  SUPRAPINEALIS- 62 : 64 
HABENULA-62:65 


. 


HEAD     AIH)     NECK  77 


C  OMMISS  URA  HABENULARUM- 62 : 6  6 
TRIGONUM  HAEE'NULAE-62 : 67 

3.     Ventriculus  tertius-82 ;14 

ADTTUS  AD  AQUAEDUCTUM  CEREBRI-62 :15 
COMMISSURA  POST£RIOR-62:16 
FORAMEN  V3NTRICULARE-62:17 
SULCUS  HYPOTHALAMIC US -62:18 
MASSA  INTSRMEDIA-62:19 
RECESSUS   OPTICUS-62:20 
RECESSUS   INFUNniBULI- 62:21 

COLMISSURA  ANTERIOR- 62:22 
RECESSUS  TRIANGULARIS- 62:23 


XIV.  j^i^  Sections  through  the  Brain. 

The  majority  of  the  structures  to  bo  observed  in  stained  and  unstain- 
ed sections  of  the  brain  require  a  hand  lens  or  microscope  for  their 
demonstration.  These  structures  have  not  been  repeated  in  detail 
here  since  they  are  given  complete  in  part  II,  as  originally  listed 
in  the  SNA. 

1.  Structures  in  section  of  '  *  medulla  oblongata-59:29-57 

Exposed  in  transverse  sections  made  at  (a)  the  level  of  the  decus- 
sation  of  the  pyramids;  (b)  between  the  decussation  of  the  pyramids 
and  the  olives;  and  (c)  through  the  middle  of  the  olives. 

2.  Structures  in  sections  of  the  pons-62 :24- 52 

Demonstrated  in  transverse  sections  made  at  (a)  about  the  junction 
of  the  pens  and  medulla,  passing  through  point  of  entrance  of  the 
acoustic  nerve;  (b)  at  the  level  of  the  roots  of  the  facial  and 
abducens  nerves;  (-3)  at  the  level  of  the  roots  of  the  trigeminal 
nerves,  and  (d)  through  the  anterior  medullary  velusi  and  the  middle 
of  the  pons. 

3.  Structure?  in  sections  of  the  cerebellun-6l:10-24 

Demon 

Demonstrated  in  the  following  sections:  a)  a  median  sagittal  section 

through  the  vernis ;  r)  a  frontal  section  through  about  the  middle  of 

one  half  the  cerebellum;  and  c)  a  horizontal  section  through  the 

other  half  of  the  cerebellum  in  the  plane  of  the  brachiuia 

conjunctivum. 

•  f 

4«     Structures  in  sections  of  the  rh oabe tree phalic  isthmus  and  the  "" 

nesencephalon. 

Demonstrated  in  transverse  sections  made   (a)  through  the  inferior 
colliculus  at  the  level  of  the  nucleus   of  the  trochlear  nerve;  and 
(b)   through   che  superior  colliculus  and  lateral  geniculate  body  at 
the  level   of  the  roots  of  the  oculomotor  nerve  and  the  nucleus  ruber. 

a.  Sections  of  the  isthmus  rhombencephali-61:33-35 

b.  Sections  of  the  nedunculus  cerebri-61: 50-65 


HEAD  AND  HECK  78. 

c.  In  sections  of  the  corpora  qusdrigemina-6_3.s.7_rll. 
5.  Structures  in  sections  through  the  prosencephalon 

For  the  demonstration  of  these  structures,  horizontal  sections 
about  \  to  1  cm.  thick  should  be  made  through  the  remainder  of  the 
right  cerebral  hemisphere.  In  the  left  hemisphere,  which  should 
have  been  retained  intcxct,  either  vertical  frontal  or  obliquely 
frontal  sections  may  be  made. 

The  vertical  frontal  sections  should  pass  through  the  following 
rjgions:  a)  through  the  genu  of  the  corpus  callosum;  b)  through  the 
septum  pellucidum  between  the  body  and  rostrum  of  the  corpus 
callosum;  c)  through  the  tips  of  the  temporal  lobes;  d)  through  the 
foramen  interventriculare;  e)  through  the  corpora  mamillaria;  f) 
through  the  subtha.lamic  region;  g)  through  the  upper  end  of  the 
aquaeductus  cerebri. 

The  bbliquely  frontal  sections  should  all  be  parallel  to  the  sulcus 
centralis  and  pass  through  the  following  regions  (in  accordance  with 
the  method  of  P-itris,  1877):  a)  through  the  lobus  frontalis  about 
5  cm.  anterior  to  the  sulcus  centralis;  b)  through  the  pars 
opercularis  of  the  gyrus  frontalis  inferior  and  the  corresponding 
portions  of  the  gyrus  raedius  and  gyrus  frontalis  superior;  c) 
through  the  middle  of  the  gyrus  centralis  anterior;  d)  through  the 
middle  of  the  gyrus  centralis  posterior;  e)  through  the  anterior 
ende  of  the  lobulus   -ietalis  superior  and  lobulus  parietalis 
inferior;  f)  through  tne  posterior  part  of  the  cerebrum  about  1  cm. 
anterior  to  the  fissura  parietooccipitalis. 

In  addition  to  the  preceding  horizontal  and  frontal  sections,  the 
following  sections  are  especially  instructive:  a)  through  the  brain 
in  a  plane  passing  parallel  to  the  course  of  the  brachia  conjunctive 
and  through  them;  and  b)  through  the  brain  in  a  plane  parallel  to 
the  course  of  the  cerebral  peduncles  and  through  them. 

a.  Sections  of  the  hypothalanure-63 :38~50 

b.  Sections  of  the  thalamencephalon~62 : 68-73.  63:1-4 

c.  Sections  of  the  telencephalon-64:75-77.  65:1-31 


XV.   Organ  of  Vision. 
1.  Optic  nerve-73:4  See  also  X:10b. 

VAGINAE  N.  OPTICI-73:5 
SPATIA  INTERVAGINALIS-73:6 

_g_.  Bulbus  oculi-73:7 

As  a  rule,  the  ordinary  cadaver  material  is  not  favorable  for  the 
present  purpose  and  must  consequently  be  supplemented  by  eyeballs 
obtained  from  the  ox  or  pig,  in  which  the  various  structures  may  be 
demonstrated  in  both  fresh  specimens  and  in  material  hardened  in 
formalin.  The  conjunctiva  and  fascia  bulbi  are  caught  with  a 
forceps,  cut  through  close  to  and  entirely  around  the  cornea  ana 
these  structures  together  with  any  other  soft  parts  removed  from  the 
surface  of  the  sclera,  and  two  hardened  eyeballs  cut  into  halves, 

the    Onf   bv  a    sacittal    and    the    othe>r    hv   ft    rnrnnnl     Rnn+.-inn 


HEAD     AND   'NECK  79. 

ANTERIOR  POLE-73:8 

POSTERIOR  POLE-73:9 

EQU&TOR-73:10 

MERIDIANS-73:ll 

EXTERNAL  AXIS  OF  EYEBALL-73 :12 

INTERNAL  AXIS   OF  EYEBALL- 73 : 13 

ePTIC  AXIS-73:14 

(tlNE  OF  VISIONJ -73: 15 

Ophthalmic  vesicle* -73  :16 

Ophthalmic  cuj£-73:!7 

3.  Tunica  fibrosa   oculi-73 :18 

a .  Sclera-73 :19 

Exposed  by  cutting  through  the  solera  at  the  equator  \vith  a  sharp 

knife  and  with  a  scissors  carrying  the  incision  completely  around 

the  eyeball  along  the  line  of  the  equator  (carefully  guarding  against 

injury  to  the  black  chorioid  coat) ;  separating  both  parts  of  the 

sclera  from  the  subjacent  structures  and  reflecting  the  anterior 

part  forwards,  breaking  the  attachment  of  the  ciliary  muscle  to  its 

deep  surface,  and  the  separating  of  the  posterior  part  by  dividing 

the  fibers  of  the  optic  nerve  in  a  plane  corresponding  to  the  inner 

surface  of  the  sclera. 

SULCUS  SCLERAE-73:20 

RIMA  CORNEALIS-73 :21 

SINUS  VENOSUS  SCLERAE-73 :22 

LAMINA  FUSCA-73:23 

LAMINA  CRIBROSA  SCLERAE-73 :24 

(RAPHE  SCLERAE)-73:25 

(FUNICULUS  SCLERAE)-73:26 

b.  Cornea-73:27 

ANNULUS  CONJUNCTIVAE-73 :28 

VERTEX  CORNEAE-73:39 

LBffiUS  CORNEAE-73:30 

FACIES  ANTERIOR-73 :31 

FACIES  POSTERIOR-T?3:32 

The  following  structures  can  only  be  adequately  demonstrated  in  thin 

sections  by  means   of  a  hand  lens  and  microscope. 

EPITHELIUM  CORNEAE-73 :?  >• 

LAMINA  ELASTICA  ANTERIOR-73 :34 

SUBSTANTIA  PROPRIA-73 :35 

LAMINA  ELASTICA  POSTERIOR- 73 :36 

ENDOTHELIUM  CAMERAS  ANTERIORIS-73:37 

4.  Tunica  vasculosa  oculi-73 :38 

a.  Chorioidea-73:3^ 

LAMINA  SUPRACHORIOIDEA-73 :40 
SPATIUM  PERICHORIOIDEALE-73:41 
LAMINA  VASCULOSA-73:42 

The  vorticose  vei  .he-53:60,  are  exposed  by  brushing  a\vay  the 
pigmeatwith  a  camel's  hair  brush. 
LAMINA  CHORIOCAPILLARIS-73 :43 
LAMINA  BASALIS-73:44 
(RAPHS  CHORIOIDEAE)-73:45 


HEAD  AND  NECK  80. 

b.  Corpus  ciliare-73 ;46 
CORONA  CILIARIS-73 : 47 

Demonstrated  by  making  a  coronal  section  through  an  eyeball 
slightly  anterior  to  the  equator  and  carefully  removing  the 
vitreous  humor  from  the  anterior  segment  of  the  eyeball. 
PROCESSUS  CILIARES-73 :48 
PLICAE  CILIARES-73 :49 
ORBICULARIS  CILIARIS-73: 50 
CILIARY  MUSCLE-73:51 

The  following  fibers  require  a  microscope  for  their 
adequate  demonstration: 
FIBRAE  MEEIDIONALES-73:52 
FIBRAE  CIRCULARES-73:53 
PLEXUS  GANGLIOSUS   CILIARIS-73 : 54 

.£i -Iris -73^5  5.. 

Exposed  by  cutting  around  the  sclerocorneal   junction  and  removing 
the  cornea,  making  several  meridional  incisions  through  the  anterior 
part  of  the  sclera;  the  strips  of  sclera  may  then  be  separated  from 
the  ciliary  muscle,  bent  aside  and  pinned  to  the  bottom  of  a  cork- 
lined  tray  filled  with  water,   the  iris  examined  and  then  removed  for 
a  more  complete  demonstration  of  its  structure. 
MARGO  PUPILLARIS-73:56 
MARGO  CILIARIS-73: 57 
FACIES  ANTERIOR- 73: 58 
FACIES  POSTERIOR- 74:1 
ANNULUS   IRIDIS  MAJOR-74:2 
ANNULUS   IRIDIS  MINOR- 74:3 
PITCaB  i?I£I6-74:4 
PUPILLA-74:5 

SPHINCTER  MUSCLE  OF  PUPIL-74:6 
STROMA  IRIDIS-74:7 
DILATOR  MUSCLE  OF  PUPIL- 74: 8 
PECTINATE  LIGAMENT  OF  IRIS-74:9 
SPATIA  ANGULI  IRIDIS-74:10 
GREATER  ARTERIAL  CIRCLE-74:11 
LESSER  ARTERIAL  CIRCLE-74:12 
(MEMBRANA  PUPILLARIS)X-74:13 

d.  8iliary  nerves  and  vessels 
SHORT  CILIARY  NERVES- 66:3 7 
LONG  CILIARY  NERVES-66:25 
SHORT  POSTERIOR  CILIARY  ARTERIES -47: 75 
LONG  POSTERIOR  CILIARY  ARTERIES-47:76 
ANTERIOR  CILIARY  ARTERIES-48:! 
VENAE  VORTICOSAE-53:60 

5.  Pigment  layer-74:14 

Exposed  by  removing  the  chorioidea  under  water. 
STRATUM  PIGMENTI  RETINAE-74:15 
STRATUM  PIGMENTI  CORPORIS   CILIARIS-74:16 
STRATUM  PGIMENTI  IRIDIS-74:17 

6.  Retina-74:18 

Exposed  by  removing  the  chorioidea  from  eyegall  from  whiib  the 


HEAD     AND     NECK  81. 

sclera  and  cornea  have  already  been  taken  away. 
PARS  OPTICA  RETINAE-74--19 

ORA  SERRATA-74 :20 
PARS   CILIAHIS  RETINAE-74:21 
PAPILLA  N.  OPTICI-74--22 
EXCA VATIC  PAPILLAE   N.  OPTICI-74:23 
MACULA  LUTEA- 74:24 
FOVEA  CENTRALIS-74-.25 
VASA  SANGUINSA  RETINAE-74:26-34 

May  be  examined  in  the  living  eye  with  the  ophthalmoscope. 

7.  Vitreous  body-y74:38 

Obtained  from  an  eyeball  which  has  been  kept  for  several  days  without 
preservatives,  by  dividing  the  coats  of  the  eye  at  the  equator,  care- 
fully turning  back  the  cut  edges  and  allowing  the  "eye-kernel" 
(vitreous  body  and  crystalline  lens)  to  slip  out  into  a  vessel  of 
water;  the  demonstration  of  the  hyaloid  membrane,  capsule  of  the  lens, 
and  the  zonula  ciliaris  may  also  be  facilitated  by  staining  for  a 
few  minutes  in  strong  picrocannin  solution  and  washing  in  water. 
HYALOID  ARTERYx-74:39 
CANALIS  HYALOIDEA-74:40 
FOSSA  HYALOIDEA-74:41 
MEMBRANA  HYALOIDEA-74:42 

STROMA  VITREUM- 74:43 

HUMOR  VTTREUS-74:44 

8.  Zonula  ciliaris-74:59 

FIBRAE  ZONULARES-74:60 

SPATIA  ZONULARIA-74:61 

Their  structural  characteristics  may  be  demonstrated  by  in- 
serting the  point  of  a  fine  blow-pipe  into  the  spaces  and 
inflating  them  with  air. 

9.  Crystalline  lens-74:45 

Isolated  for  observation  by  cutting  through  the  zonular  libers   of 

the   zonula  ciliaris  and  removing  the  lens. 

CAPSULA  LENTIS-74:51 

POLUS  ANTERIOR  LENTIS.-Z4:52 

POLL'S  POSTERIOR  LENTIS-74:53 

FACIES  ANTERIOR  LENTIS-74:54 

FACIES  POSTERIOR  LENTIS-74:55 

AXIS  LENTIS-74:56 

AEQUATOR  LENTIS-74:5* 

RADII  LENTIS-75:58 

SUBSTANTIA  LENTIS-74:46 

Exposed  by  cutting  through  the  anterior  wall  of  the  capsule  and 

pressing  the  lens   out  through  the  opening, 

SUBSTANTIA  CORTICALIS-74:47 

NUCLEUS  LENTIS-74:48 

With  the  aid  of  a  microscope  the  following  structures  may  be  dem- 
onstrated in  a  lens  which  has  been  hardened  in  alcohol  and  teased 
apart. 

FIBRAE  LENTIS-74:49 
EPITHELIUM  LENTIS-74:50 

10 >  Chambers   of  the  eyeball 

CAMERA  OCULI  ANTERIOR- 74:3 5 

ANGULUS  IRIDIS-74:36 
CAMERA  OCULI  POSTERIOR-74:37 


ABDOMEN   AND   PELVIS 


82, 

ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS 


I  .General  Characteristics 

1.  Subdivisions  of  abdomen  and  pelvis 

ABDOMEN-4:55 

ABDOMINAL  CAVITY-4:56 

SCROBICULUS  CORDIS-4:57 

UMBILICUS -4: 58 

FLANK-4:59 

LOIN-4:60 

GROIN-4:61 
PELVIS-5:! 

PELVIC  CAVITY-5:2 

MONS  PUBIS-5:3 

HIP-5:4 

BUTTOCK-5:5 

ANUS-5:6 

ANAL  CLEFT-5:? 

FERINE UM-5: 8 

2.  Surface  anatomy 


XIPHOID  PROCESS-7:52 

RIES-7:28         Anterior  ends  of  7th  to  12th  ribs. 

ILIAC  CREST-15:18 

POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPINE-15:24 

CRISTA  SACRALIS  MEDIA-7:18 

ANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPINE-15:22 

INGUINAL  LIGAMENT-25:41 

SUPERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  PUBIC  BONE-15:50 

SYMPHYSIS  PUBIS-15:53 

PUBIC  TUBERCLE-15:44 

LINEA  ALBA-25:34 

LINEA  SEMILUNARIS.25:49 

SUBCUTANEOUS   INGUINAL  RING-25:44 

SPERMATIC  CORD-40:37 

ROUND  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  UTERUS-42:23       In  the  female, 

TUBER  ISCHIADICUM-15:36 

INFERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  ISCHIUM-15:35 


3.     Regions 


EPIGASTRIC  REGION-83:15 
HYPOCHONDRIAC  REGION-83:16 
MESOGASTRIC  REGION-83:17 

UMBILICAL  REGION-83:18 

LATERAL  ABDOMINAL  REGION-83:19 
HYPOGASTRIC  REGION-83 :20 

PUBIC  REGION-83:21 

INGUINAL  REGION-83:22 

Regions  of  the  back  in  relation  to  the  pelvis: 
PERINEAL  REGION-83:33 
ANAL  REGION-83:34 
UROGENITAL  REGION-83:35 
PUDENDAL  REGION-83:36 


•  -  ;  •  -.-  ' 
-  • . . 


• ;  -  • 
1 


:      ...... 


-  •'   '  -        •     • 

...    '     ....•"  •?:'      "   .       '  •    •    '  •  " 


••..    ',  .,,..;      • 
'.        ••     • 


"         '       • 


•••-•• 

'        •'       :    ;i 


ABDOwEN  AND  PELVIS  83 

II.     Perireal  repion 
1.      Surface  anatomy 

a.  Perineal   region  jr.   general 
SYiviPHYSIS   PUB1S-15:53 
ARCUATE   LIGAMENT-20:61 
COCCYX-7:25 

INFERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  PUBIS-15:49 
INFERIOR  RAMUS  OF  THE  ISCHIUM-15:35 
SACROTUBERCUS   LIGAMENT-2 0: 49 
PERINEAL  RAPHE-43:18 

b.  Pudenda!  region  in  the  male 
CORPUS  PE KIS -40:63- 
DORSUM  OF  PENIS-40:70 
URETHRAL  SURFACE-40:71 
GUNS  PENIS-40:72 

CORONA  GLANDIS  -40:73 

SEPTUM  GLANDIS  -40:74 

COLLUM  GLAKDIS  -40:75 
PREPUCE-41 :1 

FRENULUk  OF  PREPUCE-41: 2 
EXTERNAL  URETHRAL  ORIFICE-4l:23 
SCROTUk-4l:31 

RAPHE  OF  SCROTUi*-4l:32 

c^     Puderdal  region  in  the   female 
kONS  PUBIS-5:s 
FEMALE  PUDENDUM-42:45 
LABIUJU  taAJUS  PUDENDAE-42546 
ANTERIOR  LABIAL  COMMISSURE-42 :47 
POSTERIOR  LABIAL  COMMISSURE-42: 48 
FREMJLUM  OF  PUDENDAL  LABIA-42:49 
RIMA  PUDBNDI-42 : 50 
FOSSA  KAVICULARIS-42:51 
LABIUM  MINUS  PUDENDI-42 : 52 
VESTIBULUM  VAGINAE-42 : 53 
ORIFICIUM  VAGINAE-42 : 57 
CLITORIS-42C59 

CORPUS   CLITORIS-42:6l 

GLANS   CLITORIS-42:62 

FRENULUM  OF  CLITORIS-42 : 63 

PREPUCE  OF  CLITORIS-42 : 64 
EXTERNAL  ORIFICE  OF  URSTHRA-42:71 
HYMEN-42:29 
HYlviEN  CARUNCLES-42:30 

2.     Urogenital  region:     Structures  external  to   the  urogenital  diaphrappi 

a.  In  the  male 

Skin  incisions  (The  body  being  in  the  lighotomy  position):  a)  trans- 
versely between  the  anterior  extremities  of  the  ischial  tuberosities ; 
bj  median  along  the  median  raphe  from  the  sacrum  to  the  tip  of  the 
coccyx,  encircling  the  anus. 
SUPERFICIAL  PERINEAL  FASCIA-43:45 

The  following  structures  in  the  compartment  between  the  superficial 
nnH  thp  uroerpnital  diaohraem  are  exposed  by  makine 


• 


• 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS 

an  Incision  through  the  deeper  layer  of  the  superficial  perineal 

fascia,  beginning  in  the  median  line  at  the  base  of  the  scrotum  and 

expending  to  the  ischial  tuberosity  on  each  side,  and  reflecting  the 

fascial  flaps. 

SUPERFICIAL  TRANSVERSE  PERINEAL  MUSCLE-43:42 

ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS  MUSCLE-43:43 

BULBOCAVERNOSUS  MUSCLE-43:44 

PERINEAL  ARTERY-51:19 

POSTERIOR  SCROTAL  ARTERIES-51:20 
PERINEAL  NERVE-7H21 

POSTERIOR  SCROTAL  NERVES-71:22 

PERINEAL  RAMI   OF  THE  POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE~70:53 
LYMPHATIC  VESSELS 
ROOT  OF  PENIS-40:67 
CRURA  OF  PENIS-40:69 
CORPORA  CAVERNOSA  PENIS-41:4 

The   following  structures  are  exposed  by  dividing  the  bulbocavernosus 
muscle  in  the  midline  and  reflecting  the  muscle. 
CORPUS  CAVERNOSUM  URETHRAE-41 : 5 
BULBUS  URETHRAE-41: 6 

HEMISPHERES  OF  BULB  OF  URETHRA-41;7 

SEPTUM  OF  BULB  OF  URETHRA-41 : 8 

b.  In  the   female 

Skin  incisions   (The  body  being  in  the  lithotomy  position) :   a)   trans- 
versely between  the  ischial  tuberosities;  b)  along  the  median  line 
extending  from  the  mons  pubis  to  the  tip  of  the  coccyx,  encircling 
the  labia  majora  and  the  anal  orifice, 
SUPERFICIAL  PERINEAL  FASCIA-43:45 
PERINEAL  ARTERY-51:19 

POSTERIOR  LABIAL  ARTERIES- 51:21 
PERINEAL  NERVE-71:21 

POSTERIOR  LABIAL  NERVES-71:23 

PERINEAL  RAMI  OF  THE  POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-70:53 
LYMPHATIC  VESSELS 
SUPERFICIAL  TRANSVERSE  PERINEAL  MUSCLE-43:42         Not  contant  in 

degree   of  development. 
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS  MUSCLE-43:43 
BULBOCAVERNOSUS  MUSCLE-43:44 

The  following  structures  are  exposed  by  reflecting  tbs  bulbo- 
cavernosus and  ischiocavernosus  muscles. 
BULBUS  VESTIBULI-42 : 54 
-;3LANDULA  VESTIBULARIS  MAJOR-42:58 
CRURA  CLITORIDIB-42:60 
CORPUS   CLITORIDIS-42:61 

CORPORA  CAVERNOSA  CLITORIDIS-42 :66 

SEPTUM  CORPORUM  CAVERNOSORUM-42 :67 

FASCIA  CLITORIDIS-42: 68 
GLANS  CLITCRIDIS-42:62 

3.     Urogenital  diaphragm 

a.  Inferior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm-43:37 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  ischiocavernosus  muscle  and  the  crus 
penis   (the  crus  clitoridis  in  the  case  of  the  female)    from  the 
pubic  arch  on  each  side;   guarding  against  injury  to  the 
inferior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm,   branches  of  the 


• 


' 
' 

•- 


I 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  85.. 

internal  pudendal  artery  and  the  dorsal   nerve   of  the   penis   (or 

the  clitoris  in  the   female). 

The  inferior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm  is  removed  in  expos- 
ing the  following  structures  situated  in  the  compartment  between  the 
inferior  and  the  superior  fascia  of  the  urogenital  diaphragm, 

b.  Structurss   in  the  Uro genital  diaphragm  in  the  male 
TRANSVERSE  PERINEI  PROFUNDUS  MUSCLE-43:34 
SPHINCTER  URETHRAE  MEMBRANACEAE  MUSCLE-43 :3 5 
ARTERY  OF  THE  PENIS- 51: 22 

ARTERY  OF  THE  BULB  OF  URETHRA- 51:24 

URETHRAL  ARTERY-51:23 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  PENIS- 51:2 6 

DORSAL  ARTERY  OF  PENIS- 51:27 
DORSAL  VEIN  OF  THE  PENIS-55:49 
DORSAL  NERVE  OF  THE  PENIS-71:24 
BULBOURETHRAL  GLANDS-40:62 

BODY  OF  GLAND-40:63 

EXCRETORY  DUCT-40:64 
MEMBRANOUS  PART  OR  URETHRA-41:24 
SUPERIOR  FASCIA  OF  UROGENITAL  DIAPHRAGM-43 :3 6 

The   following  structures  are   in  relationship  to  this 

fascia: 

ARCUATE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PUBIS-20:61 

TRANS VERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PELVIS-43:38 

S..  Structures  in  the  Urogenital  diaphragm. Ac  the   female 
TRANSVERSE  PERINEI   PROFUNDUS  MUSCLE-43 :34 
SPHINCTER  URETHRAE  MEMBRANACEAE  MUSCLE-43 :3  5 
ARTERY  OF  CLITORIS-51:28 

ARTERY  OF  BULB  OF  VESTIBULE- 51:2 5 

URETHRAL  ARTERY- 51:23 

DEEP  ARTERY  OF  CLITORIS-51:29 

DORSAL  ARTERY  OF  CLITORIS-51:30 
DORSAL  VEINS  OF  THE  CLITORIS-55:51 
DORSAL  NERVE  OF  THE  CLITORIS-71:25 
GLANDULA  VESTIBULARIS  MAJOR-42:58 
URETHRA-42:70 
SUPERIOR  FASCIA  OF  THE  UROGENITAL  DIAPHRAGM-43 :3 6 

The  following  structures  are  in  relationship  to  this  fascia: 

ARCUATE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PUBIS-20:61 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PELVIS-43:38 

4.     Anal  region 

SUPEREICIAL  PERINEAL  FASCI/U43 :45 
SPHINCTER  AND  EXTERNUS  MUSCLE-43 :34 

ANOCOCCYGEAL  LIGAMENT-43:25 
ISCHIORECTAL  FOSSA-43:41 

The  fat  in  the  ischiorectal   fossa  is  removed  in  the  demonstra- 
tion of  its  contents. 

INFERIOR  HAEMORRHOIDAL  NERVE-71^20 

INFERIOR  HAEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY- 51: 18 

The   following  structures  are  in  relationship  to  the  walls  of 

the  fossa: 

INFERIOR  FASCIA  OF  PELVIC  DIAPHRAGM-43 :32 

LEAVTOR  ANI  MUSCLE-43  :21 

OBTURATOR  FASCIA-43 :40 


' 


•     • 
. 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  86- 

The  following  nerve  and  artery  are  in  relation  to  the 
obturator  fascia: 

PUDENDAL  NERVE-71:19 

INTERNAL  PUDENDAL  ARTERY- 51: 17 
TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  THE  LEAVCOR  ANI  MUSCLE-43:22 

Situated  at  the  angle   of    junction  of  the  obturator 

fascia  and  the  inferior  fascia  of  the  pelvic 

diaphragm. 

OBTURATOR  INTERNUS  MUSCLE-26:72 

UROGENITAL  DIAPHRAGM-43:33    Its  posterior  margin  only. 
GLUTAEUS  MAXIMUS  MUSCLE-26:67   Its  posterior  or  distal 

margin  only. 
SACROTUBEROUS  LIGAMENT-20:49 


III.  Anterior  Abdominal  Wall 


1.  Fascia,  cutaneous  nerves  and  blood  vessels 

For  the  surface  anatomy  of  the  abdomen,  see  1:2. 
Skin  incisions:  a)  longitudinally  along  the  anterior  median  line 
from  the  xiphoid  process  to  the  mons  pubis  (encircle  the  umbilicus; 
b)  from  the  xiphoid  process  transversely  around  the  thorax  as  far 
back  as  possible;  c)  from  the  mons  pubis  laterally  along  the  line  of 
the  inguinal  ligament  to  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spine  and  then 
posteriorly  along  the  iliac  crest  as  far  back  as  nossible. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

Dividend  into  two  layers  toward  the  inferior  part  of  the 

abdomen. 

ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:8 
ANTERIOR  CUTANEOUS  RAMUS  OF  ILIOPHXPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70:28 
ILIOINGUINAL  NERVE-70:29 

LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  INTERCOSTAL  NERVES-70:3 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMUS  OF  THE  ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70:27 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-51:39 
SUPERFICIAL  CIRCIMFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY-51:40 
EXTERNAL  PUDENDAL  ARTERIES-51:41 
PARUMBILICAL  VEINS-55:36 
THORACOEPIGASTRIC  VEINS- 54:32 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  VEIN-55:65 


2.     Deeper  structures  of  the  anterior  abdominal  wall 

a.  Muscles  and  related  structures 

OBLIQUUS  EXT2RNUS  A3DOMINIS  MUSCLE-25:28 

Exposed  by  the  removal   of  the  deep  fascia,    guarding  at  the 
same  time  against  injury  to  its  aponeurosis  and  the  structures 
in  relation  to  the  subcutaneous  inguinal  ring. 

The  following  structures  are  in  relationship  with  the  External 

oblique  muscle: 

TRIGONUM  LUMBALE-25148 

INGUINAL  LI 65MENT-2  5 : 41 

LS.CUNAR  LIGAMENT-25:42 

SUBCUTANEOUS  INGUINAL  RING-25:44 
SUPERIOR  CRUS-25:45 
INFERIOR  CRUS-25:46 


ABDOMEH  AND  PELVIS  87': 

OBLIQUUS  INTERNUS  ABDOMINIS  MU5CLE-25:29 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  external  oblique  muscle  at  its  origin, 
dividing  the  muscJ.e  at  its  insertion  into  the  iliac  c£est,  froa 
the  superior  iliac  spine  carrying  an  incision  meadialward 
through  the  apor.eurosis  of  the  external  oblique  muscle  to  the 
lateral  margin  of  'the  rectus  abdominis  muscle,  and  reflecting 
the  external  cblique  muscle  medialward, 

CREMASTERIC  MUSCLF.-25:30 

TRANSVERSUS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLE-25:31 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  internal  oblique  muscle  at  its  origin 
and  reflecting  the  muscle  toward  its  insertion,  at  the  same  time 
guarding  the  subjacent  nerves  and  vessels,  and  leaving  intact 
the  inguinal  canal  and  its  contents. 

LINSA  SEMILUNARIS-25:49 

The  following  nerves  and  vessels  are  in  relationship  throughout  part 

of  their  course  with  the  internal  oblique  and  transversus  abdominis 

muscles. 

ANTERIOR  RAMI  OF  THORACIC  NERVSS-70:! 

ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70:25 

ILIOINGUINAL  NERVE-70:29 

INTERCOSTAL  ARTERIES-49:59 

LUMBAR  ARTERIES- 50: 9 

RECTUS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLE-25:25 

Exposed  by  making  a  longitudinal  incision  through  the 
aponeurotic  sheath  of  the  rectus  abdominis  muscle  at  s.  distance 
of  about  3  cm.  from  the  linea  alba,   the  inferior  end  of  each 
incision  curving  toward  the  symphysis  pubis. 
TENDINOUS  INSCRIPTIONS-23:37 
SHEATH  OF  THE  RECTUS  ABDOMINIS  MUSCLE-25:38 
LINEA  SIMICIRCULARIS-25:40 

The  following  arteries  are  in  relationship  to  the  rectus 
sheath: 

INFERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY- 51:32 
SUPERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-48:47 

PYRAMIDALIS  MUSCLE-25-'27 

LINEA  AL3A-25:34 

FASCIA  TRAMSYERSAL!S-25:50 

DEEP  CIRCUMFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY- 51:3 7 

PERIT01EUM-43 :46 

Exposed  by  the  removal  of  a  small  portion  of  the  fascia 
transversalis . 

b.  Internal  surface   of  the  anterior  abdominal  wall 

Exposed  by  beginning  at  a  point  jfust  above  the  umbilicus  making  three 

incisions  through  abdominal  wall,   two   of  them  extending  to  the 

anterior  superior  iliac  spine  on  each  side,  and  the  third  passing 

to  the  right  of  the  umbilicus  and  2  cm.  to  the  right  of  the  linea 

=tlba  and  terminating  at  the  superior  rainus  of  the  pubic  bone. 

URACHUS-39:34 

PLICA  UMBILICALISMMSDIA-44:22 

PLICA  UMBILICALIS  LATERALIS-44:23 

PLICA  EPIGASTRICA-44:24 

FOVEA  SUPRAVESICALIS-25:57 

FOVEA  INGUIMLIS  M3DIA«25:56 

FOVEA  INGUINALIS  LATERALIS-25:55 

ABDOMINAL  INGUINAL  RING-25:52 


- 

• 

•     •  •••          .     •       • 


ABDOMEN  AND  F2J..VIS  38, 

3.  Inguinal  canal,  scrotum,  spermtic  cord  and  testis, 

a.  Inguinal  canal -2 5: 51 

A  demonstration  of  i'ls  boundaries  involves  the  removal  of  'ohe 

peritoneum  from  the  antorior  abdominal  wall  in  the  region  of  the 

inguinal  canal. 

FALX  INGUINALIS-25:26 

REFLEX  INGUINAL  LlGA?ffiNT-25:43 

Tb.  Scrotum  and  sperroatic  cord 
SCROTIM-41:31 

The  scrotal  sac  is   opened  and  its  contents  exposed  by  making  a 

longitudinal  incision  through  the  anterior  wall  of  the  scrotun 

on  each  side   of  the  mid-line. 

RAPES  OF  THE  SCROTUM-41 :32 

SEPTUM  OF  THE  SCROTUM-41:33 

TUNICA  DARTOS-41:34 
SPERMATIC  CORD~40:37 

CREMASTERJC  FASCIA-40:47 

CREMASTERIC  MUSCLE-40:46 

(VAGINAL  PERITONEAL  PROCESS) -40:3 8 

TUNICA  VAGINALIS   COMMUNIS-40:45 

DUCTUS  DEFERENS~40:21 

INTERNAL  SPERMATIC  ARTERY- 50: 52 

EXTERNAL  SPERMATIC  ARTERY-51:35 

DEFERENTIAL  ARTERY- 51:11 

PAMPINIFORM  PLEXUS  OF  VEINS-5£:14 

SPERMATIC  VEIN-55:!! 

EXTERNAL  SPERMATIC  NERVE-70:35 

DEFERENTIAL  PLEXUS-72 :42 

LYMPHATICS 

c.  Testis-39:66 

TUNICA  VAGINALIS  PROPRIA  TESTIS-40:39 

LAMINA  PARIETALIS-40:40 

LAMINA  VISCERALIS-40:41 

SINUS  EPIDIDYMIDIS-40:44 

In  exposing  the  testis  an  incision  is  made  through  the  anterior  part 
of  the  lamina  parietalis  of  the  tunica  vaginalis  propria. 
SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  EXTREMITIES  OF  THE  TESTIS-39:67,    68 
LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  SURFACES-39:69,   70 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  MARGINS-39:71,   72 
EPIDIDYI£[S-40:9 

SBAD,   BODY  AND  TAIL  OF  SPIDIDYMIS-40:10-12 
APPENDIX  TESTIS-40:18 
The  following  structures  may  be  identified  in  crjss  section  ef  the 

testis: 

TENICA  ALBUGINEA-39:73 
MEDIASTINUM  TESTIS-89:74 
SEPTULA  TESTIS-39:75 
LOBULES-40:! 
PARENCHYLfiA-40:2 
For  the  structures  of  the  penis  see  11:1*,  2a  and  VJ:3a. 


. . 


•  ••   -.-..- 

'•'• ' 

.  •  • 

,:• 

:  •    •  .    • 
• 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS 
Abdominal  Cavity. 


1.  Abdominal  cavity  and  the  peritoneum 

a.  General  characteristi  cs  of  the  abdominal  cavity,  viscera  and 

per  it  one  van 

In  completing  the   opening  of  the  abdominal  cavity  and  demonstrating 
the  abdominal  and  peritoneal  relations   of  the  following  structures, 
the  incision  already  made  through  the  lower  part  of  the  anterior 
abdominal  wall   (lll:2b)   is  extended  upward  from  the  umbilicus  to  the 
xiphoid  process,   passing  just  to  the  left  of  the  mid^-sagittal  plane. 
LIVER-34:43 

GALL  BLADDER-35-.6 
STOMACH-32:78 
GREATER  OMENTUM-43  :  70 
SMALL  INTESTINE-33  :2  9 
LARGE  INTESTINE-33  :  61 
LESSER  OMENTUM-43  :  64 
PERrTONEUM-43:46 

PARIETAL  PERITONE  UM-43  :  4  9 

VIS  CERAL  PERI  TONE  UM-43  :  50 

PERITONEAL  CAVITY-43:51 

b.  Peritoneal   folds  and  fossa  in  relation  to  the  small  and  larpe 

intestine 
MESENTERY-43  :  53 

ROOT  OF  MESENTERY-43:  54 
DUODENOJEJUNAL  RECESS-44:9 
DUODENOJEJUNAL  FOLD-44:10 
GREATER  OMENTUM-43:  70 
MESOCOLON-43:56 

TRANSVERSE  MESOCOLON-43  :  57 

ASCENDING  MESOCOLON-43  :58  ' 

DESCENDING  MESOCOLON-43  :  59 

SIGMOID  MESOCOLON-43  :  60 
MESORECTUM-43  :  61 

MESENTERY  OF  THE  VERMIFORM  PROCESS-43  :  62 
ILEOCAECAL  FOLD-44:15 
SUPERIOR  ILEOCAECAL  RECESS-44:13 
INFERIOR  ILEOCAECAL  RECESS-44:14 
CAECAL  FOLD-44:18 
CAECAL  FOSSA-44:16 
RETROCAECAL  RECESS-44:17 
PARACOLIC  RECESS-44:19 
PHRENICOCOLIC  LIGAMENT-44:! 

c.  Peritoneal  ligaments  in  relation  to  the  liver,  stomach  and  spleen 

FALICIFORM  LIGAMENT  OF  LIVER-44:3 
LIGAMENTUM  TERES   OF  THE  LIVER-34:56 
CORONARY  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  LIVER-44:4 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  TRIANGULAR  LIGAMENTS  -44:  5,    6 
LESSER  OMENTUM-43  :  64 

HEPATOGASTRIC  LIGAMENT-43  :  65 

HEPATODUOPENAL  LIGAMENT-43  :  66 
GASTROSPLENIC  LIGAMENT-43  :  68 
F*ffENICOSPLENIC  LIGAMENT-44  :2 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  90. 

d.  Omental  bursa-43:71 

FORAMEN  EPIPLOICUM-43:77 

The   extend  and  following  subdivisions   of  the   omental  bursa  may 

be   exposed  by  inserting  the  finger  through  the  foramen 

epiploicum: 

VESTIBULE  OF  BUESA-43:72 

SUPERIOR  OMENTAL  RECESS-43:73 

INFERIOR  OKSNTAL  RECESS-43:74 

SPLENIC  RECESS-43:75 

i 

e.  Relations   of  the  pelvic  peritoneum 
RECTOVSSICAL  EXCAVATION  OR  POUCH-44:38 
PUBOVESICAL  FOLD-44:25 

TRANSVERSE  VESICAL  FOLD-44:26 

The  following  structures  relate  to  the   female  pelvis  only: 

BROAD  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  UTERUS-44:29 

RECTOUTERINE  EXEAVATION  OR  POUCH-44:36 

VESICOUTERINE  EXCAVATION  OR  POUCH-44:37 

f.  Peritoneal  relations  in  general 

The  relations  of  the  peritoneum  in  general  may  be  traced  in  cross 
and  sagittal  sections  of  the  abdomen,     Some  of  the  peritoneal  rela- 
tions  of  such  retroperitoneal   organs  as  the  kidney,   duodenum  and 
pancreas  may  be  determined  by  palpation. 

2.     Mesenteric  blood  vessels,    nerves  and  lynphatics 

SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  ARTERY-50:36       Not  including  its  origin. 

Exposed  by  removing  the  right  layer  of  peritoneum  of  the 

mesentery,   the  inferior  layer  of  the  transverse  mseocolon,   and 

the  peritoneum  of  the  posterior  abdominal  wall  between  the  root 

of  the  mesentery  and  the  ascending  colon, 

INTESTINAL  ARTERIES-50:37 

JEJUNAL  ARTERIES-50:39 
ILEAL  ARTERIES- 50: 40 

INFERIOR  PANCREATICDDUODENAL  ARTERY-50:38 

ILEOCOLIC  ARTERY- 50:41 

APPENDICULAR  ARTERY-50:42 

RIGHT  COLIC  ARTERY-50:43 

MIDDLE  COLIC  ARTERY-50:44 
SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  VEIN-55H7 

The  tributaries   of  the  superior  mesenteric  vein-55:l8-25, 

consist  of  vessels  corresponding  to  the  branches  of  the  superior 

mesenteric  artery,   together  with  veins   from  the  stomach  and 

pancreas. 

SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  SYMPATHETIC  PLEXUS- 72S-32 
MESENTERIC  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:64 
MESOCOLIC  LYMPH  GLANDS-56:65 
INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  ARTERY-50:45 

Demonstrated  by  removing  the  peritoneum  from  the  posterior 

abdominal  wall  betv/een  the  root  of  the  mesentery  and  the 

descending  and  iliac  colon. 

LEFT  COLIC  ARTERY- 50:46 

SIGMOID  ARTERIES- 50:47 

SUPERIOR  HAEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY-50:48       Exclusive  of  its 
termination. 


.    •  '          •'     • 

..•'•. 


>ti  3<ufc<- 

•  rsq   "to     • 


. 


ABDO'JEN  AND  PELVIS  91- 

INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  VEIN-55:26 
LEFT  COLIC  VEIN-55:27 
SIGMOID  VEINS -55: 2 8 
SUPERIOR  HAEMORRHOIDAL  VEIN-55:29 

Participates  in  an  important  anastomosis  between  the 
systematic  and  portal  circulation. 
INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  SYMPATHETIC  PLEXUS-72:35 

Mesenterial  small  intestine  and  the  large  intestine 

a-  Mesenterial  small  intestine-33 :58 
JEJUNUM-33:59 
ILEIM-33:60 

The   following  structures  can  best  be  demonstrated  in  the  intestine 
which  has  been  removed  from  the  abdomen,   spened  along  its  mesenteric 
border  and  its  contents  washed  out.     For  its  removal,  the  small 
intestine  nay  be  divided  between  ligatures  about  5  cm.  below  the 
duodeno je junal  flexure  and  about  10  cm.  above  the  ileocaecal  junc- 
tion,  and  its  connections  serered  with  the  mesentery  and  mesenterial 
blood  vessels. 
TUNICA  SEROSA-33:30 
TUNICA  MUSCULARIS-33:31 

LONGITUDINAL  LAYER-33 :32 

CIRCULAR  LAYER-33 :33 
TELA  SUBMUCOSA-33:34 
TUNICA  MUCOSA-33:35,   36 
PLICAE   CIRCULARES-33:37 

INTESTINAL  VILLI -33:38     Demonstrated  with  a  hand  lens. 
INTESTINAL  GLANDS-33:40       Demonstrated  with  a  hand  lens. 
AGGREGATED  LYMPH  NODULES-33 :41 
SOLITARY  LYMPH  NODULES-33 :40 
CHYME-33 :42 
CHYLE-33:43 
INTESTINAL  JUICE-33:44 

b.  Large  intestine-33 : 61 
CASClLd-33:62 
VERIFORM  PROCESS-33 : 67 
COLON-33:70 

ASCENDING  COLON-33:71 

RIGHT  COLIC  FLEXURE-33:72 

TRANSVERSE  COLON-33:73 

LEFT  COLIC  FLEXURE-33:74 

DESCENDING  COLON-33:75 

SIGMOID  COLON-33:76 
TAENIAE  COLI-33:82 

TAENIA  MESOCOLICA-34:! 

TAENIA  OMSNTALIS-34:2 

TAENIA  LIBERA-3<-:3 
HAUSTRA  COLI-33:78 
APPENDICES  EPIPLOICAE-33:80 

The  following  structures    can  be  demonstrated  to  best  advantage  after 
the  large  intestine  has  been  divided  between  ligatures  at  the    junc- 
tion of  the  sigmoid  colon  with  the  rectum,   removed  from  tbe  abdomen 
and  its  contents  washed  out. 
VALVULA  COLI-33:63 

INFERIOR  AND  SUPERIOR  LIPS-33:64,    65 

FRENULA  OF  THE  VALVE  OF  THE  COLON-33:66 


• 


• 


. 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  92. 

(VALVE   OF  THE  VERMIFORM  PROCESS )-33: 68 
AGGREGATED  NODULES   OF  THE  VERMIFORM  PROCESS-33:69 
TUNICA  SEROSA-33;79 
TUNICA  MUSCULARIS-33:81 
TUNICA  SUBMUCOSA-34:4 
TUNICA  MUCO£A-34:5,    6 
INTESTINAL  GLAHDS-34:7 
SOLITARY  LYMPHATIC  NODULES-34:8 

4,     Structures  in  relation  to  the  walls  of  the  omental  bufsa 

a.  Biliary  ducts  and  vessels   in  the  lesser  omentum 

The  exposure  of  the  structures  in  thelesser  omentuni  may  be   facilitat- 
ed by  the  removal  of  the  greater  part  of  the  left  lobe  of  the  liver. 
To  this  end  an  incision  may  be  made  through  the  left  lobe  in  an 
anterior-posterior  direction,    beginning  just  at  the  left  of  the 
falciform  ligament  and  terminating  near  the  left  margin  of  the  fossa 
for  the  ductus  ver.osus    (keeping  the  detached  part  of  the  liver 
wrapped  in  a  damp  cloth  for  later  study). 
COMMON  BILE  DUCT-35:16 

HEPATIC  DUCT-35:3 

SYSTIC  DUCT-35:10 
PORTAL  VEIN-55:15 
HEPATIC  ARTERY- 50:19 

RIGHT  GASTRIC  ARTERY-50:20 

PROPER  HEPATIC  ARTERY-50:2X 
RIGHT  RAMUS-50:22 
CYSTIC  ARTERY-50:23 
LEFT  RAMUS-50:24 
LEFT  GASTRIC  ARTERY-50:17 

b.  Remainins  vessels  in  relation  to  the  walls  of  the  omental  bursa 
GASTRODUODSNAL  ARTERY-50:25 

RIGHT  GASTROEPIPLOIC  ARTERY-50:29 

In  exposing  the  following  structures  tiny  remaining  parts  of  the 
lesser  omentuniaare  removed,   the  right  gastric  artery,  right'  gastro- 
epiploic  artery  and  stomach  are  divided  just  to  the 'left  of  the 
pylorus,   the  stomach  displaced  toward  the  left  side,  and  the  post- 
erior wall  of  the  lesser  omental  bursa  carefully  removed,   but  guard- 
ing against  undue  displacement  of  the  pancreas. 
SUPERIOR  PANCREATICODUODENAL  ARTERY-50:26 
COELIAC  ARTERY-50:16 

LEFT  GASTRIC  ARTERY-50:17 

HEPATIC  ARTERY- 50:19         For  its  branches  see  the  preceding 

section,  4a. 
SPLENIC  ARTERY- 50: 31 

PANCREATIC  RAMI-50:32 
LiiiFT  GASTRCEPIPLOIC  ARTERY-50:33 
SHORT  GASTRIC  ARTERIES-50:34 
SPLENIC  RAMI-50:35 
.PORTAL  VEIN-55:15 

CORONARY  VEIN  OF  THE  STOMACH- 55: 16- 
SUPERIOR  M2SENTERIC  VEIN-55:17 
INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  VEIN-55:26 
SPLENIC  VEIN-55:30 

LEFT  GASTROEPIPLOIC  YEIN-55:32 
CYSTIC  VEIN-55:33 


; 


ABDOISU  AND  PELVIS  93 


VEINS-55:36 

The  portal  vein  also  participates  in  important  oesophageal, 
rectal,   peritoneal  and  umbilical  anastomoses. 

5  .     Duodenum  and  pancreas 

Sii  Duodenum-33  :45 

PARS   SLPERIOR-33  :46 

PARS  DESCENDENS-33  :47 

PARS  HORISONTALIS-33  :49 

PARS  ASCENDENS-33  :  50 

SUSPENSORY  MUSCLE  OF  THE  DUODENUM-3  3  :  54 

DUODENAL  PAPILLA-33  :56 

Exposed  by  making  a  longitudinal    inrinion  through  tha 

anterior  -mall  of  the  duodenum. 
LONGITUDINAL  FOLD  OF  DUODENUM-33:  55 

b.  Pancreas-34:26 

HEAD  OF  PANCREAS-34:27 

UNCINATE  PROCESS-34:28 

NOTCH  OF  THE  PANCREAS-34:2Q 

BODY  OF  PANCREAS-34:30 

AHTSRIOR,   POSTERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  SURFACES-34:31-33 
SUPERIOR,  ANTERIOR  AID  POSTERIOR  MARSIN5-34:34-36 

OMENTAL  TUBER-34-.37 

TAIL  OF  PANCREAS-34:38 

PANCREATIC  DUCT-34:39 

ACCESSORY  PANCREATIC  DUCT-34:40 

(ACCESSORY  PANCREAS)  -34:  41 

6,     Stomach  and  spleen 

a._Stomach-32:78 

VAGUS  NER\"E-69:22       In  its  relation  to  the  stomach  and  adjacent 
organs  . 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  GASTRIC  PLEXUSES-  68:  51,    52 

HEPATIC  RAMI-68:53 

COELIAC  RAMI-68:54 
STOMACH-32:78 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  WALLS  OF  STOMA.CH-32  :79,   80 

GREATER  AND  LESSER  CURVATURES  OF  STOHACH-32:!,  2 

CARDIA-33:3 

FUNDUS  OF  STOMACH-38:4 

BODY  OF  STOMACH-33:5 
PYLORUS-33:6 
CARDIAC  PART-33:7 
PYLORIC  PART-33:8 
(CARDIAC  AlHROM)-33:9 
PYLORIC  ANTRUM-33:10 

The  exposure  of  the  following  stfiuctures  is  facilitated  by  dividing 
the  abdominal  part  of  the  oesophagus,  removing  the  stomach,  and 
opening  the  stomach  by  an  incision  along  its  greater  curvature* 
SEROUS  COAT-33:!! 
MUSCULAR  CCAT-33:12 

LONGITUDINAL  LAYER-33:13 

CIRCULAR  LAYER-33:15 

OBLIQUE  FIBERS-33:17 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  94. 

PYLORIC  VALVE-33:18 
TELA  SUBMUCOSA-33:19 
TUNICA  MUCOSA-33:20 

GASTRIC  PITS-33:24 

b.  Spleen-35:18 

DIAPHRAGMATIC  SURFACE-35:19 

RENAL  SURFACE-35:20 

GASTRIC  SURFACE-35:21 

SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  EXTREMITIES-35:22,  23 

POSTERIOR  AND  ANTERIOR  MARGINS-35:34,  25 

TUNICA  SEROSA-35:27 

TUNICA  ALBUGINEA-35:28 

SPLENIC  PULP-35:30 

SPLENIC  RAMI  OF  SPLENIC  ARTERY-35:31 

(ACCESSORY  SPLEEN) -3 5:34 

7.  Sympathetic  plexuses  in  relation  to  the  coeliac  ganglion  and  coeliae 

plexus 

COELIAC  PLEXUS-72:19 

COELIAC  GANGLION- 72:20 

If  the  thorax  has  been  previously  dissected,  these  ganglia  nay 
be  conveniently  located  by  tracing  the  great  splanchnic  nerves 
down  to  their  junction  with  the  ganglia. 

SUPERIOR  GASTRIC  PLEXUS-72:26 

HEPATIC  PLEXUS-72:24 

INFERIOR  GASTRIC  PLEXU5-72:27 

SPLENIC  PLEXUS-72:25 

RENAL  PLEXUS-72:29 

SUPRARENAL  PLEXUS-72:28 

PHRENIC  PLEXUS-72--22 

SUPERIOR  MESENTERIC  BLEXUS-"2 :32 

ABDOMINAL  AORTIC  PLEXUS-72:18 

8.  Liver-34:43 

For  the  ligaments  and  peritoneal  relation  of  the  liver,  see  IV:lc. 
The  removal  of  the  liver  involves  the  following  incisions:  a)   divi- 
sion of  the  portal  vein  at  the  level  of  the"  foramen  epipl/oicum;  b) 
raising  the  liver  as  much  as  possible,    cutting  through  the  inferior 
vena  cava  vein  at  the  point  where  it  comes  in  contact  with  the 
inferior  aspect  of  the  liver  and  to  the  right  of  the  inferior  vena 
cava  cutting  through  the  inferior  layer  of  the  coronary  ligament; 
c)   in  connection  with  the  superior  and  posterior  aspects  of  the 
liver  dividing  the  ligamentun  teres  and  the  falciform  ligament,  the 
right  and  left  triangular  ligaments  and  superior  layer  of  the  cor- 
onary ligament;  d)  separating  the  posterior  surface  of  the  liver 
from  the  diaphragm  and  make  a  second  cut  through  the  inferior  vena 
cava  just  below  the  disphragm  and  completing  the  detachment  of  the 
organ. 

RIGHT  LOBE  OF  LIVER-34:59 
QUADRATE  LOBE  OF  LIVER-34:60 
CAUDATE  LOBS  OF  LIVER-34:61 

PAPILLARY  PROCESS-34:62 

CAUDATE  PROCESS-34:63 
LEFT  LOBE   OF  LIVER-34:64 
RIGHT  SAGITTAL  FOSSA-34:49 


ABDOMEN  AMD  PELVIS  95. 

FOSSA  FOR  THE   GALL  BLADDER-34 : 50 

FOSSA  FOR  VENA  CAVA-34:51 
LEFT  SAGITTAL  FOSSA-34:52 

FOSSA  FOR  UMBILICAL  VEIN-34:S3 

FOSSA  FOR  DUCTUS  VENOSUS-34:54 
ANTERIOR  MARGIN-34:47 

INCISURA  UMBILICALIS-34;48 
SUPERIOR  SURFACE-34:44 
POSTERIOR  SURFACE-34:45 

OSSOPHAGEAL  IMPRESSION-34:68 

SUPRARENAL  IMPRESSION-34:73 
INFERIOR  SURFACE-34:45 

PORTA  HEPATIS-34:58 

OMENTAL  TUBER-34:67 

GASTRIC  IMPRESS I ON-34:6« 

DUODENAL  IMPRESSION-34:70 

COLIC  IMPRESS  1 013-34: 71 

RENAL  IMPRESSION-34:72 

The  following  hepatic  etructures  nay  be  demonstrated  in  cut  surfaces 
of  the  liver,  some   of  them  requiring  a  hand  lens   or  microscope  for 
their  identification. 
HEPATIC  LOBULES-34:74 
FIBROUS   CAPSULE-34:75 
INTERLOBULAR  ARTERIES-$4;76 
INTERLOBULAR  VEINS-34:77 
CENTRAL  VEINS-34:78 
BILE  DUCTS-35:! 
INTERLOBULAR  DUCTS-35:2 
VASA  ABERRATIA  HEPATIS-35:3 
BILE-35:5 
GALL  BLADDER-35:6 

FuHDUS  OF  GALL  BLADDER-3 5:7 

BODY  OF  GALL  BLADDER-35:8 

NECK  OF  GALL  BLSDDER-35:8 

CYSTIC  DUCT-35:10 

SPIRAL  VAI,VE-35:15 

The   following  structures  require  a  hand  lens  or  a  microscope 
for  their  adequate  demonstration: 
TUNICA  SEROSA  OF  GALL  BLADDER-3 5 : 11 
TUNICA  MUSCULARIS  OF  GALL  BLADDER-3 5 : 12 
TUNICA  MUCOSA  OF  GALL  BLADDER-3 5 : 13 

PLICAE  TUNICAE  MUCOSAE  OF  GALL  BLADDER-3  5 : 14 
GLANDULAE  MUCOSAE  BILIOSAE-35:17 

Suprarenal  gland,   kidney  and  ureter 

a.  Suprarenal   gland -3 9: 52 

HILUS  OF  SUPRARENAL  GLAND-39:55 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACES-39:56,    57 

BASE-39:58 

APEX-39:59 

SUPERIOR  AND  I»EDIAL  MARGINS-39:60,    61 

(ACCESSORY  SUPRARENAL  GLANDS ) -3 9 : 63 

CORTICAL  SUBSTANCE-3  9 : 53 

MEDULLARY  SUBSTANCE-3 9 : 54 

CENTRAL  VEIN-39:62 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  96. 

b.  Vascular  supply  of  the  kidney  and  suprarenal   glands 

Exposed  by  removing  the   kidneys  and  suprarenal   glandf   (before     *oing 
this  however,   advantage  may  be  taken  of  the  opportunity  of  determin- 
ing the  relations  of  the  kidney  to  these  organs  and  adjacent 
structures) . 
RENAL  ARTERY-50:50       of.  also-39:4 

INFERIOR  SUPRARENAL  ARTERY- 50: 51 
ICE  DOLE  SUPRARENAL  ARTERY- 50: 49 
RENAL  VEINS-55:9 
SUPRARENAL  VEINS-55:10 

c.  Kidney-38:37 

ADIPOSE   CAPSULE-38:49 
LATERAL  MARGIN-38:38 
MEDIAL  MARGIN-38:39 

RENAL  HILUS-38:40 

RENAL  5INUS-38:41 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACES-38:42,   43 ' 
SUPERIOR  AND  INFERIOR  EXTREMITIES-38:44,   45 
(HEPATIC  IMPRESSION) -38:46 
( GASTRIC  IL'PRF.SSION) -3 8 : 47 

The   following  nay  be  demonstrated  to  best  advantage  by  cutting 
through  the  kidney  along  its  lateral  margin  and  dividing  the 
organ  into  symmetrical  halves: 
TUNICA  FIBROSA-38:50 
CORTICAL  SUBSTANCE-3  8:55 
MEDULLARY  SUBSTANCE-3 8: 56 
RENAL  PYRAMIDS-38:58 
RENAL  PAPILLAE-38:60 
RENAL  COLUHNS-38:63 
RENAL  PELVIS-38:70 
RENAL  CALCYEES-38:71 

d.  Ureter-39:19 

ABDOMINAL  PART-39:20 


10.     Diaphragm 


DIAPHRAGM-25:9 

LUMBAR  PART-25-.10 

MEDIAL  CRUS-25: 11     • 
INTERMEDIATE  CRUS-25:12 
LATERAL  CRUS-25: 13 
COSTAL  PART-25:14 
STERNAL  PART-25:15 
AORTIC  OPENING-2  5:16 
OESOPHAGEAL  OPENING-25:17 
CENTRAL  TENDON-25:18 
OPENING  FOR  VENA  CAVA-25:19 
MEDIAL  LUf'BOCOSTAL  ARCH-25:20 
LATERAL  LUMBOCOSTAL  ARCH-25:21 


V.     Structures  in  Relation  to  the  Posterior  Abdominal  Wall 
1.     Blood-vessels  and  lymphatics 


ABDOIEN  AND  PELVIS  97. 

a.  Arteries 
ABDOMINAL  AORTA- 50: 5 

PARIETAL  BRANCHSS-50:6 

INFERIOR  PHRENIC  ARTERY-50:7 

SUPERIOR  SUPRARENAL  RAMI-50:8 
LUMBAR  ARTERIES- 60: 9-11 

These  arteries  pass  posterior  to  the  sympathetic 
trunk  which  together  with  other  nerves  of  the 
abdominal  wall  should  be  guarded  from  injury* 
MIDDLE  SACRAL  ARTERY-50:12         Origin  only. 
VISCERAL  BRANCHES-50:15 

For  the  rami  of  the  first  five  of  the  following  arteries 

see     IV:2,   4b  and  9b. 

COELIAC  ARTERY-50-.16 

SUPERIOR  ffiSENTERIC  ARTERY-50:36 

INFERIOR  MESENTERIC  ARTERY-50:45 

MIDDLE  SUPRARENAL  ARTERY-50:49 

RENAL  ARTERIES. 50 :50 

INTERNAL  SPERMATIC  ARTERIES -50: 52 

TESTICULAR  ARTERY- 50: 53         In  the  male. 
OVARIAN  ART3RY-50I54         In  the  female. 
COMMON  ILIAC  ARTERIES-50:55 

HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY-50:56         Origin  only.      • 
EXTERNAL  ILIAC  ARTERY-5V.31 

INFERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-5U32 
DEEP  CIRCUMFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY- 51:37 

b ,  Veins  and  lymphatics 
INFERIOR  VENA   CAVA-55:3 

PARIETAL  ROOTS-55:4 

INFERIOR  PHRENIC  VEIN-55:5 
LUMBAR  VEINS-55:6 
VISCERAL  ROOTS-55:? 

HEPATIC  VEINS-55:8 
RENAL  VEINS- 55: 9 
SUPRARENAL  VEINS-55:10 
SPERMATIC  VElrJ-55:ll 
2ESTICULAR  VEIN-55:12 
OVARIAN  VEIN-55:13 
COMMON  ILIAC  VEINS-55:37 

MIDDLE  SACRAL  VEIN-55:38 

HYPOGASTRIC  VEIN-55:39        Tenaination  only. 

EXTERNAL  ILIAC  VEINS-55:58 

INFERIOR  EPIGASTRIC  VBINS-55:S9 
DEEP  CIRCU1IFLEX  ILIAC  VEIN-55:50 
CISTERMA  CHYLI-56:28 
INTESTINAL  LYMPHATIC  TRUNK- 5 6:2 7 
LUMBAR  LYMPHATIC  TRUNKS- 56:2 6 
ILIAC  LYMPH  GLANDS- 56: 57 
LUMBAR  LYMPH  GLAND3-56:58 
COBLIAC  LYMPH    LANDS«56:59 
AZYGOS  VEIN- 56: 53 
HEMIAZYGOS  VEIN-56:54 

2.     Fascia  and  muscles  of  posterior  abdominal  wall 
ILIAC  FASCIA-27:55 


,. 
. 


i 

I 


ABDOM3N  AMD  PELVIS  98. 

QUADRATUS  LUMBORUM  MUSCLED 5: 32 
ILIOPSOAS  MUSCLE-26:63 

ILIAC  MUSCLE-26-.64 

P&OAS  MAJOR  MUSCLE-26:65 

In  the  demonstration  of  this  muscle  the  following  nerves 
are  encountered  and  should  be   guarded   from  injury:  the 
sympath;:^.  trunk,  medial  to  it,   the   genitofemoral  nerve  in 
relation  to  its  anterior  surface,   the  iliciu^uinnl     and 
lateral   femoral  cutaneous  nerves  in  relation  to  its 
lateral  margin,   and  the  femoral  nerve,   situated  between 
the  pooas  major  and  iliacus  muscles. 

PSOAS  MINOR  MUSCLE-26:66 

3.     Nerves  of  the  posterior  abdominal  wall 

ABDOMINAL  PART  OF  THE  SYMPATHETIC  TRUNK-72:15 

LUMBAR  GANGLION- 72: 16 

RAMI   COMMUNICANTES-68:72 
TlEiFTH  INTERCOSTAL  NERVE-70:! 
LUMBAR  NERVES-70:ll 

In  demonstrating  the  lumbar  nerves  and  lumbar  plexus  the  psoas 

major  muscle  is  removed  by  blunt  dissection. 
LUMBAR  PLEXUG~70:23 

MUSCULAR  HAMI-70:24 

ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70 :25 

ILIOINGUINAL  NERVE-7Ci29 

GENITOFEMORAL  NERVE-70 :33 

LUMBOINGUINAL  NERVE-70: 3 4 
EXTERNAL  SPERMATIC  NSRVS-70:35 

LATERAL  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70 :3 6 

FEMORAL  NERVE-70 :41 

OBTURATOR  NERVE-70 :37 
LUMBOSACRAL  IEUNK-70:22       Ocigin  only. 


VI.  PELVIS 
1.     Osteology 

COXAL  BONE-15:? 

OBTURATOR  FORAMEN-15:8 
ILIAC  BONE-15: 14 

ILIAC  CREST-15;18 

ILIAC  FOSSA-15:31 
ISCHIAL  BONE-15  :32 

SUPERIOR  RAMUS   OF  THE  ISCHIAL  BONE-15 :34 

INFERIOR  RAMUS   OF  THE  ISCHIAL  EONE-15:35 
PUBIC  BONE-15:40 

OBTURATOR  SULCUS-15:46 

INFERIOR  AND  SUPERIOR  RAMI  OF  THE  PUBIC  BONE-15 :49,    50 
SACRUIvI-7 : 5 

PELVIC  SURFACE-?:? 

PROMONTORY-?: 10 

ANTERIOR  SACRAL  FORAMINA-7:15 

APEX  OF  SACRAL  BONE-7:24 
COCCYX-7:25 
PELVIS-15:52 

SYJ.IPHYSIS  OF  PUBIC  BONE-15: 53 


ABDOL3N  AND  F2LVIS  99. 

EUBIC  ARCH-15:54 

MAJOR  PELVIS-15:56 

MINOR  PELVIS-15:57 

LINEA  TERMINALIS-15:58 

SUPERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  PELVIG-15:62 

INFERIOR  APERTURE  OF  THE  PELVIS-15:63 

PELVIC  AXIS-15-.64 

CONJUGATE,   TRANSVERSE  AND  OBLIQUE  DIAMETERS-15:65-67 

PELVIC  IMCLINATIOH-15:68 

2.     Peritoneum  and  fascia  in  relation  to  the  pelvis 

a.  Peritoneal  folds  in  the "male  pelvis 
TRANSVERSE  VESICAL  FOLD-44:26 
PUBOVESICAL  FOLD-44:25 
MESORECTUM-43 : 61 

b.  Peritoneum  of  the   feniale  pelvis 
RECTO UTERINE  FOLDS~44:35 
RECTOUTERINE  EXCAVATIOH-4-i:36 
YESICOUTERINE  EXCAVATION-44:37 
FOSSA  OVARICA-44:33 

BROAD  LIGAMENT  OF  UTERUS-44:39 

MESOMETRIUM-44 :30 

MESOSLPINX-44:31 

MESOVARIUM-44:32 
SUSPENSORY  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  OVARY-44:34 

c.  Fascia 

PELVIC  FASCIA-43:26 

Demonstrated  by  removing  the  pelvic  peritoneum  by  blunt  dis- 
section, guarding  at  the  same  time  against  injury  to  nerves 
and  vessels. 

SUPERIOR  FASCIA  OF  PELVIC  DIAPHRAGM-.43  :28 
TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  PELVIC  FASCTA-43:29 
ENDOPELVIC  FASCIA-43:27 

MIDDLE  PUBOPROSTATIC  LIGAMENT-43130   In  the  male. 
MIDDLE  PUBOVESICAL  LIGAHENT-43 :30    In  the  female. 
LATERAL  PUBOPROSTATIC  LIGAMENT-43 :31   In  the  male. 
LATERAL  PUBOVESICAL  LIGAMENT-43 :31   In  the  female. 
The  demonstration  of  the  anterior  relations  of  the  pelvic  fascia 
is  completed  and  the  subsequent  exposure  of  pelvic  viscera 
facilitated  by  making  the  following  dissections:  a)  detaching 
the  suspensory  ligament  of  the  penis  from  the  front  of  the 
symphysis,  guarding  at  the  same  time  against  injury  to  the 
dorsal  vein  of  the  penis;  b)  detaching  all  muscles  and  fascia 
from  the  anterior  surface  of  each  pubic  bone  over  a  region 
extending  about  2.5  cm.  laterally  from  the  symphysis  pubis ; 
c)  sawing  through  the  pubic  bones  by  an  incision  on  each  side 
of  the  symphysis  pubis  extending  from  the  pubic  tubercle  to  a 
point  just  below  the  attachment  of  the  arcuate  ligament  of  the 
pubis;  and  d)  detaching  the  pelvic  fascia  from  the  posterior 
surface  of  this  isolated  segment  of  bone  and  carefully  removing 
the  bone  (retaining  the  latter  for  later  reference). 

INFERIOR  F£SCIA  OF  THE  PELVIC  DIAPHRAGM-43:32 

OBTURATOR  FASCIA-43:40 

TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  THE  LEVATOR  ANI  MUSCLS-43 :22 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  100. 

SUPERIOR  FASCIA  OF  THE  UROGSNITAL  DIAPIIRAGM-43  :36 
3 »     Pelvic  viscera 

a.  In  the  male  pel vi.e 
URINARY  BLADEER-3  9 : 2 9 

VERTEX  OF  BLA-}EER-S9:30 

BODY  OF  BLADD2R-39:31 

FUND US   OF  BLADDER-39:32 

URACHUSx-.39:34 

The   following  structures  are  exposed  by  an  incision  beginning  at 

the  vertex  of  the  bladder  and  extending  through  its  wall  in  an 

anterior-poseterior  direction  in  the  line  of  its  median  piano. 

TUNICA  SEROSA-39:35 

TUNICA  MUSCULARIS-3 9:3  6*39 

TELA  SUBMUCOSA-39:42 

TUNICA  MUCOSA-39:43 

TRIGONE  OF  THE  BLADDER-39:46 

JVULA  OF  THE  BLADDER-39:47 

URETERAL  FOLD-39:48 

ORIFICE  OF  URETER-39:49 

INTERNAL  URSJTHRAL  ORIFICE-3  9 : 50 

URETHRAL  RING-39:51 
MALE  URETHRA-41:19 

Its  internal  structure  is  exposed  by  introducing  a  blunt  pointed 
scissors  into  the  internal  urethral  orifice  and  dividing  the 
dorsal  wall  of  the  urethral  canal  throughout  its  entire  extent. 
PROSTATIC  PART-41:20 

URETHRAL  CREST-41:21 

SEMINAL  HILLOCK-41 :22 

PROSTATIC  UTRICLE-41 :23 

EJACULATORY  DUCTS-40:30  Their  openings  only. 

PROSTATIC  DUCTS-40:59       Their  openings  only. 
MEMBRANOUS  PART-41:24 
CAVERNOUS  PART-41 : 2  5 

EXCRETORY  DUCTS   OF  BULBOURSTHRAL  GLANDS-40:64 

NAVICULAR  FOSSA  OF  URETHRA-41:26 

(VALVULA  FOSSAE  MVICULARIS)-41:27 

EXTERNAL  URETHRAL  .ORIFICE-41:28 

URETHRAL  LACUNAE-41:29 
PENIS-40166 

The  following  structures  are  demonstrated  in  cross  sections  of 
the  penis.     For  other  structures   of  penis  see  II:lb  and  2a, 
CORPUS  CAVERNOSUIvl  PENIS-41:4 
CORPUS   CAVSRNOSUM  URETHRAE-41 : 5 
TUNICA  ALBUGINEA-41:5 
SEPTUJ,!  EENIS-4l:10 

TRABECULAE  CORPORUM  CAVERNOSORUM-41:11 
CAVERNAE  CORPORUI.!  CAVERNOSORUM-41:12 

The  demonstration  of  the  remaining  pelvic  structures  may  be 
facilitated  by  detaching  the   fifth  lumbar  vertebrae  frora  the  sacrum, 
dividing  tha  sacrum,   coccyx,  and  any  remaining  soft  structures  in  the 
median  sagittal  plane,  and  separating  the  two  halves  of  the  pelvis. 
RECTUM-34:9 

SACRAL  FLEXURE-34:10 
PERINEAL  FLEXUR3-34:!! 
RECTAL  AMPULLA-34:12 
MUCOUS  MEMBRANE-34:17 


.. 


. 
. 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  101, 


TRANSVERSE  RECTAL  FOLDS-34:21 
RECTOCOCCYGEAL  MUSCLE-34:15 
ANAL  PART  OF  RECTUM-34:22 
RECTAL  GOLUUNS-34:3? 
RECTAL  S.1NUSES-34-.24 
HSfiORRHOTDAL  RING-34 : 2  5 
SPHINCTER  AND  INTSRNUS  MUSCLE-34:14 
PELVIC  PART  OF  URBTER«39:21 
PROSTATE -40: 50 
BASE-40:51 
APEX-40:52 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACES-40:53 ?   54 
RIGHT  AND  LEFT  LOBES-40:55 
ISTHMUS -40: 56 

(MIDDLE  LOBE) -40: 57 
SEMINAL  VESICLES-40:31 

BODY  OF  SEMINAL  VESICLE-40:32 
EXCRETORY  DUCT-40:36 
DUCTUS  DEFERENS-40:21 

AMPULLA  OF  DUCTUS  DEFERENS-40:22 

DIVERTICULA  OF  AMPULLA-40:23 
EJACULATORY  DUCT-40:30 

b.  In  the   female  pelvis 

The  demonstration  of  the   following  structures  may  be  facilitated  by 
detaching  the  fifth  lumbar  vertebrae   from  the  sacrum,  dividing  the 
sacrum,   coccyx,  rymphysis  pubis  and  any  remaining  soft  structures, 
in  the  median  sagittal  plane  and  separating  the  two  halves  of  the 
pelvis. 
PERITONEUM-43:46 

For  structures  relative  to  the  peritoneum  in  the  female 

pelvis,   see  Vl:2b. 
PELVIC  FASCIA-43:26    •   cf.  VI:2c. 
URIN/RY  BLADDER-39:29 

For  structures  relative  to  the  urinary  bladder,   see  VI:3a. 
FEMALE   URETHRA-42:70 

5Xir.r^-L  URETHRAL  ORIFICE-42  : 71 

CRISTA  URETHRALIS-43 :2 
PELVIC  PART  OF  T1RETER-39:21 
'i7AHY-41:JG 

HILUS-41:37 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  SURFACES-41:38,   39 

FREE  MARGIN-41:40 

MESOVARIAN  MARGIN-41:41 

TUBAL  EXTREMITY-41:42 

UTERINE  EXTREKITY-4I:43 

OVARIAN  LIGAMENT-41:56 

CORPUS  LUTEUM-41:54 

CORPUS  ALBICANS-41:55 
PAROOPHORON-42 :43 
EPOOPHORON-42:39 
UTERINE  TUBE-41:57 

OSTIUM  ABDOMIMLE-41:58 

INFUNDIBULUM-41 : 59 

FIMBRIAE-41:60 

FIIJBHIA  OVARICA-41 : 61 

AI.IPULLA-4l:62 


ABDOMEN  AND  PELVIS  102. 

ISTHMUS-41 : 63 
UTERUS-41:76 

BODY  OF  UT3RUS»41:77 
FUNDUS-43:! 
LATERAL  MARGIN-42 :2 
VESICAI,  STlKFAGE-43:3 
INIESTINAJ,  5UR7£CE-42:4 
UTEPJHE  CAVITY-42:5 
CERVIX-42:7 

SUERA VAGINAL  PART-42:8 
VAGINAL  PART-42:9 
EXTERNAL  ORIFICE  OF  UTERUS-42:10 
ANTERIOR  LIP-42:11 
POSTERIOR  LIP-42:12 
CANAL  OF  THE  CERVIX-42:13 
INTERNAL  ORIFICE  OF  THE  UTERUS-42:6 
LIGAMENTUM  TERES-42 :23 
VAGINA-42:25 

FORNIX  OF  VAGINA-42:26 
ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  YJALLS-42  :27,   28 
HYMEN-42:29 

HYMENEAL  CARUNCLES-42:30 
RECTUM-34:9 

For  its  structural   characteristics,   see  VI: 3a. 

Pelvic  blood  vessel^  (male  and   female) 

In  the  follo'.ving  tabulation  vessels  which  are  either  male   or  female 
only  are  so  indicated.     All  other  vessels  are  common  to  both  sexes. 

_a.  Arteries 

HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY- 50: 56 

PARIETAL  RAMI  OF  THE  HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY- 50: 57 
ILIOLUMBAR  ARTERY- 50':  58 

LUMBAR  RAMUSXX.50:59 
SPINAL  RAMU3«-i.50:60 
ILIAC  RAMUSxx-50:61 

LATERAL  SACRAL  ARTERY- 50: 62 

SPINAL  RAMIXX-50:63 
frBTCRATBR  ARTERY- 50: 64 

PUBIC  RAMUS-50:65 
SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  ARTERY- 51:1 
INFERIOR  5LUTEAL  ARTERY- 51: 4 
VISCERAL  RAHI   OF  THE  HYPOGASTRIC  ARTERY- 51: 6 
UMBILICAL  ARTERY-51:7 

SUPERIOR  VESICAL  ARTERIESX^,51:8 

LATERAL  UIBILICAL  LiQUffl!NTj«-5i:.9 

INFERIOR  VESICAL  ARTERY- 51:10 

DEFERENTIAL  ARTERY*  x- 51: 11 

UTERINE  ARTERY- 51:12         In  the  female   anly. 

VAGINAL  ARTERY- 51: 13 

OVARIAN  RAMUS-51:14 

TUBAL  RAMUS-51:15 

OVARIAN  ARTERY-50:54         In  the  female   only. 
MIDDIJS  HEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY-51:16 
INTERNAL  PUDENDAL  ARTERY-51:17 

For  its  perineal  rami  in  both  male  and  fenale  see 

11:2-4. 


ABDOMINAL  AND  PELVIS  103  . 


SUPERIOR  HEMORRHOIDAL  ARTERY-  50:  48 
MIDDLE  SACRAL  ART£RY»50:12 

LOWEST  LtPCAR  ARTERY301  -50:13 
RLOMU3  COOCYGEUMXX-50  :14 


Veins   of   thr*. 

HYPOGAS  TRT  C  V.  .  ±    .    5  :  3  9 

The  tributaries   of  the  hypogastric  vein-55:40,   49:53,    55-57, 
correspond  to  $.  large  degree  with  the  branches  of  the  hypo- 
gastric  artery. 

HEMORRHOIDAL  PLEKU5-S5  :46 

VESICAL  PLEXUS  x::~5  5  :47 

PUDENDAL  PLSXUff-*  -5?:  48     ' 

UTEROVAGINAL  PLEXUS  ;:>i-  55:  54       In  the  female  only. 

MIDDLE  SACRAL  VEIN  xx-55:38 


5  .     Pelvic  rcuscj.ej!        ^ 

Exposed  by  displacing  the  viscera  from  the  lateral  pelvic  walls  and 
removing  any  remains  of  the  superior  fascia  of  the  pelvic  diaphragm- 
43:28,    guarding  at  the  same  time  against  injury  to  the  fifth  sacral 
and  coccygeal  nerves. 
PELVIC  DIAPKRA&M-43:20 

LEVATOR  ANI  MUSCLE-43:21 

TENDINOUS  ARCH  OF  THE  LEVATOR  ANI  MUSCLE-r43  :22 

COCCYGSUS  MUSCLE-43:23,  25:59 
SACRAL  PLEXUS-?0:47 

LUUBCSACRAL  TRUNK-70:48 

SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  NERVE-  70:  49 

INFERIOR  GLUTEAI,  NERVE-70:50 

POSTERIOR  FEMORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:51 

SCIATIC  NERVE-70:54 
PUDENDAL  PLEXUS-71:15 

MIDDIS  HEMORRKOIDAL  NERVES  xx-  71:  16 

INFERIOR  VESICAL  NERVES  xx-71:17 

VAGII'iAL  N3RVESXX~71:18       In  the  female. 

PUDENDAL  NERTE-71  :1  9 

COCCYGSAL  IER\rExx-71:26 
PELVIC  PART  OF  THE   SYMPATHETIC  SYSTEM-  72:15 

SACRAL  GA?;GLIA-72  :17 
OBTURATOR  FASCIA-43  :40 
OBTURATOR  INTERKUS  k*USCLE-26:72 
PISIFORMIS  MUSCLB-26:71 

6.     Pelvic  articulations 

LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  PELVIC  GIRDLE-20:45 
OBTURATOR  MEMBRANE-20:46 

OBTURATOR  CANAL-?.  0:47 
ILIOLUMBAR  LIGA!.ENT-20:48 
SACROTUBEROUS  LIGAi.ENT-20:49 
.  FALCIFORM  PRQCESS-20:50 
SACROSPINOUS  LIGAMENT-20:5l 
GREATER  SCIATIC  FORA1^!EN-20:52 
LESSER  SCIATIC  FORAKEN-2  0  :  53 


ABDOMINAL  AMD  PELVIS  104. 

SACRO-II.IAC  ARTICULATION-20:54 

ANTERIOR  SACRG-JJ'JAe  LXGAMENTS-20:55 

INTERCSSEOUS  SACRO- ILIAC  L1GAMENTS-20:56 

LONG  AND  SHORT  POSTERIOR  SACRO-ILIAC  LIGAMENTS-20:57,    58. 

SYNOVIAL  CAVITY 
SYMPHYSIS  PU3IS-20:59 

SUPERIOR  PUBIC  IJGAMENTS-20:60 

ARCUATE  LIGAM3MT  OF  PUBIS-20:61 

INTERP UBIC  riBRO-GAaCrU.GS-2  0 : 62 

Demonstrated  by  removing  a  slice   of  bone  from  the  front 
cf  the  symphysis  pubie. 
SACRO-COCCVGEAL  SYMPHySIS-18:48 

SUPERFI-IIAL  POSTERIOR  SACRO-COCCYGEAL  LIGAMRNT-18:49 

DEEP  POSTERIOR  SACRO-COCCYGEAL  LIGAMENT-18:50 

ANTERIOR  SACRO-COCCYGEAL  LIGilvENT-18:51 

LATERAL  SACRO-COCCYGEAL  LIGAMENT-18 : 53 


INFERIOR   EXTREMITY 


INFERIOR  EXTRKIITY  "L': 


I.  General  characteristics  of  the  inferior  extremity 


1.     Subdivisions 

TEIGH-5:45 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SURFACE-5:46,47 

LATERAL  AND  IIEDIAL  SORFACE-5:48,4r9 
GLUTEAL  FURRO^-BrSO 
KNEE-5:51 

POSTERIOR  SURFACE  OF  KNEE-5:52 

PATELLA-5.-53 
LEG-5:54 
FOOT-5:60 

For  the  remaining  subdivisions  of  the  leg  and  foot 
see  VII:  la. 

2»  Regions 

REGIONS  OF  THE  INFERIOR  EXTREMITY-84:15 
ANTERIOR  FEIORAL  REGION-84:1S 

SUBIIRGi;ia;j,FCS£A-S4r:  17 
LATERAL  FEJIOHAL  SEflION-84:18 

TROCHAKTERIC  REGI01T-84:19 
P08TEHIOR  FEIORAL  REGION-84-:20' 
IEEDIAL  FEIORAL  RBGION-84:21 
ANTERIOR  REGION  OF  THE  KNEE-84:22 

PATELLAR  HEGION-84:23 
POSTERIOR  REGION  OF  THE  SNEE*84:24 

POPLITEAL  FOSSA-84:25 
For  the  remaining  regions  of  the  inferior  extremity, 

see,  Vllrlc. 
REGIONS  OF  THE  BACK-83:23 

Only  those  regions  of  the  back  are  listed  here  \vhich 
ore  in  direct  relation  to  the  regions  of  the  inferior 
extremity. 

REGION  OF  THE  HIP-83:30 
CSAC2AL  REGIOH-flStSl 
GLUTEJi  R£GION-83:32 
PERINEAL  REGION-83:33 


II.   G lute o.l  region 

1.  Surface  Anatomy 

"NATES-5:5 
ANAL  CLEFT-5:? 
COCCYX-7:25 


. 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  106' 

CREST  OF  THE  ILIULI-15 : 18 
CANTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  S?INS-15:22 
POSTERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPIWE-15:24 
GLUTEAL  SULCUS~5:50 

TUBEROSITY  OF  ISCHIU1I-15:36 
GREATER  TROCHAKTER-iG: 2 

2:    Fascia  and  cutaneous   nerves 

Skin  incisions:    a)   from  the  posterior  superior  iliac  spine  along 
the  iliac  crest  a.s  far  forward  as  possible;     b)   from  the  post- 
erior extremity  of  (a)   obliquely' distally  and  medially  to  the 
middle  line  of  the  sacral  region,   thence  distally  to  the  tip  of 
the  coccyx;   c)   from  the  tip  of  the  coccyx  distally  and  laterally, 
crossing  the  middle  point  of  the  gluteal  sxxlcus,  to  the  junction 
of  the  niddle  and  proximal  thirds  of  the  thigh, 
SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 
SUPERIOR  CLUNIAL  KEKVES-70:15 
1IIDDLE  CLUNIAL  1TERVES-70:21 

LATERAL  CUT.WSOUS  RAL3JS  OF  THE  ILIOHYPOGASTRIC  NERVE-70:27 
LATERAL  CUTANEOUS  RAI.IUS  OF  THE  T.7ELFTH  THORACIC  NERVE-69:76 
I1TFERIOR  CLUNIAL  1IERVES-70:52 

PERINEAL  RA!:I  OF  THE  POSTERIOR  FENORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-201  70:53 
DEEP  FASCIA-43:32 

3.  Glutaeus  rnaxiiois  muscle 

GLUTAEUS  ILAXr.IUS  1.IUSCLI3-26:  67 

TROCHMTERIC  BURSA  OF  THE  GLUTAEUS  1I/JCIIIUS  !IUSCLE-28:53 

GLUTAEOFE.IORAL  BURS.^-29 : 5 

SCIATIC  BURSA  OF  THE  GLUTAEUS  1IAXI1BJS  :!USCLE-XX29:6 

4.  Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  glutaeus  maximus  muscle 

Demonstrated  by  separating  the  glutaeus  maximus  muscle  from 
the  underlying  structures,   detaching  it  at  its  origin  and  re- 
flecting it  toward  its   insertion;   at  the  same  time  exposing  and 
cutting  its  nerve  and  vascular  supply,  but  leaving  intact  the 
posterior  femoral  cutaneous  nerve,   sacrotuberous  ligament  and 
perineal  region. 

a. Structures  distal  to  the  piriformis  muscle 

INFERIOR  GLUTSAL  TJERVE-70 : 50 

INFERIOR  GLUTEAL  ARTERY-SI:^ 

POSTERIOR  FEIIORAL  CUTANEOUS  V-N^RVE-70: 51 

SCIATIC  NERVE-70:54 

INTERNAL  PUDEKDAL  ARTERY-51:17 

PUDEEDAL  NERVE-71:19 

NERVE  TO  THE  OBTURATOR  INTERNUS  ilUSCLE 

PIRIFOR1IIS  I3JSCLE~26:71 

OBTURATOR  INTERNUS   :JJSCLE-26:72 

SUPERIOR  .MID  INFERIOR  GEtSLLI  lIUSCLES-26:73,7<!r 

QUADRATIC  FE1IORIS  I.IUSCLE-26:  75 


. 





,    . 


INISRIOR  "XTRSMTV  107. 

NERVE  TO  THE  QdADRATUS  FEJDEIS  IIUSCLE 

E::posed  by  detaching  the  tvro  gemelli  muscles  at  their 
origins,  cutting;  the  tendon  of  the  obturator  internus 
at  its  e::it  fro:n  the  lesser  scir.tec  foramen  and  re- 
flecting these  structures  to-ard  their  insertions. 

The  following  structures  -.re  demonstrated  by  detaching  the 

quadratus  femoris  rauscle  at  its  origin  and  reflecting  it 

toward  its  insertion, 

OBTURATOR  EXTERNUS  IIUSCLE-27:10 

IIEDIAL  FF.DRAL  CIRCU'PLEX  ARTERY-51:46     Terminal  branches  d.nly 

b.  Structures  proximal  and  lateral  to  the  piriformis  muscle 

GLUTAEUS  I^DIUS  :.!USCL_-.25:  68 

NERVE  TO  THE  TENSOR  FASCIAE  LATAE  IIUSCLE 

ASCENDING  BRANCH  OF  THE  LATERAL  FEIORAL  CIRCUI:FLEX  :JJTERY- 

51:51 

The  follovring  structures  ore  exposed  by  separating  the 
glutaeus  nedius  rauscle  from  the  glutaeus  ininiinus  muscle, 
dividing  the  glutaeus  nedius  nuscle  about  5  cm.  proxiral 
to  the  greater  trochanter  and  reflecting  the  two  parts 
torrard  their  origin  and  insertion,   respectively. 
SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  ARTERY-51:1 
SUPERIOR  GLUTEAL  NERVE-70  :  49 
GLUTAEUS  I.HNIIUu  IUSCLE-2S:69 

5.     Structures  exposed  by  the  reflection  of  the  glutasus  in.inir.TUS 
musclel 

Demonstrated  by  detachin?;  the  elutaeus  rdniimis  n 
origin   :nd  reflecting   i.t  to-.rc.rd  its   insertion. 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE  OF  HIP-20:64 

TEOCSAMTERIC  BURSA  OF  GLUTAEUS  IHNII.US  !!USCLE-29:2 
REFLECTED  TENDON  OF  THE  RECTUS  FEIIORIS  IIUSCLE 

III.  Popliteal  Space 
1.  Surface  anatomy 


TENDON  OF  THE  BICEPS  FEHORIS 

TENDONS  OF'THE  SE  ETENDINOSUS  AND 

HOSCLES-27:14,15 

TENDON.  OF  ADDUCTOR  i:.T-T"US  ':IUSCLE-27:8 

2PICONDYLES  OF  FEZ  TO-'  3^.S,20 

IHLJD  O:^  ?IBULJ>.-16  :  54 

COIIHON  PEHOI\[EAL  NEHVE-70:56 

Fascia,  superficial  nerves  and  vessels 

Skin  incisions:  :.)  ?.cr--vij-,u''.inp.?.lv  for  about  20  cm.  along  the 
middle  line  of  the  posterior  region  of  the  knee,  extending 
about  10  cm.  distal  and  pro-v-.al  to  the  line  of  the  articulr. 
\\?TH  of  the  knse;  b)  transversely  at  eKoh  end  of  the  pre- 
ceding incision, 


';  EXTREMITY  108- 


SUPSKFICIAL  ?:.?::  j>-23:3C 

POSTERIOR  FEIORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-  70.  -51  Terminal  branches 

only  . 

SHALL  S/JHEBODS  VEIF-56:! 
FEH8ROFOPLITEAL  VEIN-  56:  2 

DEEP  FASCIA-27:70 

3.  Popliteal  space;  large  nerves  and  vessels 

Exposed  by  making  a  longitudinal  incision  through  the  deep 

fascia  in  the  middle  line  of  the  popliteal  space,  reflecting 

the  fascia  and  demonstrating  the  structures  irith  a  minivavm 

of  dissection. 

TIBIAL  HEriVE-70:68 

CCO:  ION  PERONEAL  HEHVE-70:56 

POSTERIOR  F~.iOR.-J,  CUTANEOUS  NEEVE-70:51 

POPLITEAL  ARTERY«51:S3 


Popliteal   space  medial   jndle.terr.lboxrndr.ries 


BICEPS  ;iC 

SE  ;iTEIJDI:-IOSU?  I  iUSCLE-27 : 16 

SEii;:E:iERAi!OSTJS  IIUSCLE-27: 15 

LATERAL  HEAD  OF  GASTHOCFATiTU;?.  IiUSCLIJ-27:  24 

1ILDIAL  HEAD  OF  GASTEOCHE.IIUS  iIUSCLI>27:25 

PLANT  ARIS  r iUSCLE-27 : 29 

5.   Contents   of  the  popliteal  spr-ce 

a»HerTCE 

POSTERIOR  FF.IORAL  CUT  IICOTJ^  Ui:irJT:-70:51 
TIBIAL  I-T53VE-70:68 

MDSCfDLSa  RA;I-70:69 

iiEDIAL  SURAL  CUT  PITEOUS  N3RVE-71:2 

Il'TjilOSSEOUS  CPJJR/i  IT2EVE-71:! 

A?A17.CTJL.:!2  RA'I  TO  TJFZE  JOIJIT 
COI'EiOF  PSRONE/i  HERVE-70:56 

LAT^R/i  SURAI-  CTJT.JT30US  FERVZ-70:58 

PEI!01TEAL  AII.'STOIICTIC  RAIUS-70:59 

ARTICULAR  R/>HI  TO   1J5EE  JOI1TT 
A  genicxrlar  ramu^  of  the  obtruator  nerve  may  be  present. 

b»  Blood  vsssels   r.ncl  lymph r.t leg 

POPLITE.'i  ."RTERY-51:6  3 

SUPERIOR  LATERIAL  GEHICULAS  AT.T"?. Y- 51:56 

MIDDLE  G13KICULAR  ARTERY-51:6S 

INFERIOR  LITERAL  GEI^ICULAS  ARTERY-51:S8 

SURAL  ARTERISS-51:S7 
POPLITE.'L  VEIFS-5S:d- 
POFLITEAL  LYIPE  GLAJIDS-57:5 

S.  Floor  of  the  popliteal   spr.ce 

POPLITEAL  SURFACE  OP  FEMUR-16:15 
OBLIQUE  POPLITEAL  LIGAIEHT-21:15 

Associated  fith  it   is  the  fascia  of  popliteus  iauscT.' 


II-TPT-LIOL.  B3J  .::T_Y  109. 

IV.  Posterior  Part  of  the  Thigh 


1.  Fascia  and  cutaneous  nerves 

Skin  incision:  longitudinally  through  the  slcin  remaining 

on  the  back  of  the  thigh. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

POSTERIOR  FE IDEAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:51   Teminc.l  rani. 

ANTERIOR  FEI'IORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70.-42   Medial  terminal 

romi  only. 

CUTANEOUS  RAMUS  OF  THE'  OBTURATOR  NERVE-70:39 
DEEP  FASCIA-27:49 

2.  Muscles 

""BICEPS  FE.10RIS  :iUSCLE-27:ll 
LONG  HEAD-27:12 
SHORT  HEAD-27:13 
SEIIIIEHBRAHOSUS  1IUS  CLE-27 : 15 

BURSA  OF  S2rriEl!BR.^OSUS  IIUSCLE-29 : 26 

3.  Nerves  and  blood  vessels 

POSTEROIR  FEMORAL  CUTAHEOUS  »ER7E-70:51 
ISCHL'UDIC  !!EHVE-70:54 

!IDSCULAB  RAi.n-70:55 
FIRST  PERFORATING  ARTEHY-51:55 
SECOFD  PERFORATING  ARTERY-51:55 
THIRD  PERFORATING  ARTERY-51:56 
PERFOMTINCr  VEINS-55:73 
FSIOROPOPLITEAL  VEIN-56:8 

_  V.  Anterior  Part  of  the  Thigh 
1.  Surface  anatomy 


AlITERIOR  SUPERIOR  ILIAC  SPIWE-15:22 

SYilPEYSIS  PUBIS-20:59 

INGUINAL  LIG,VIEI>JT-25:41- 

PUBLIC  TUBERCLE-15:44 

PUBLIC  ARCH-15:54 

INFERIOR  Ri'JJUS  OF  THE  PUBIS-15:49 

IHFEEIOR  RA'EJS  OF  THE  ISCHIUiI-15:35 

TUB3ROSITY  OP  THE  ISCH!UM-15:36 

GREATER  TROCHAKTER  OF  THE  FEMUR-16:2 

PATELLA-16:59 

IIEDIAL  CONDYLE  OF  THE  FE.IUR-16:16 

LATERAL  COBDYLE  OF  THE  FEHJR-16:17 


no- 


2  .  •  Regions  in  relation  te  the  anteriot  aspect  of  tho  thigh 

ANTERIOR  7F.:0<r.L  EEGI01T-3'I-:16 

STJBIFGUINAL  FOSS  A-84  :  17 
LATERAL  FEMORAL  PJ3GIOU»84:18 

TROCHANTEP.TC  F.F.G70K~84:  19 
1IEDIAL  FE'IORAL  REGIO!T-{3A:21 

3.  Fascia,   superficial  vessels  ,   lynphatics  and  cutaneous  nerves 


a.  Superficial  fascia,  blood  vessels  jC 

Sl:in  incisions:    "')    fro:.rthd~ciritori'or  superior  iliac  spine 
along  the  line  of  the  inguinal  ligament  to  the  symphysis 
pubis;  b)   fron  the  median  end  of  (a.)    distally,   just  lateral 
to  the  scrotum  o.nd  along  the  medial  aspect  of  the  thigh  for 
a  distance  of  10  cm.;   c)   from  the  distal  end  of  (b)   exter- 
iorly ?.nd  transversely  to  the  lateral  aspect  of  the  thigh; 
d)   from  the  end  of  incision  (b)   distr.lly  to  the  medial  con- 
Gyle  of  the  tibia;    c)   from  the  latter  point  anteriorly  and 
transversely  to  the  lo.torc.l  condyle  of  the  tibia. 
SUPERFICIAL  FAS  CIA-23  :  3  6 
GIEAT  SAFHEKOUS  VEIN-55:66 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  YEIN-55:65 
SUPERFICUL  CIRCDl-iFLEX  ILIAC  VEIIJ-55:68 
HLTEPJJAL  PTTDKID/I,  VEINS-55:6-i 
SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  ARTKRY-51:39 
'     SUPERFICIAL  CIRCU1IFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY-51:40 
SXTZRITAL  PTTD3SJITAL  -ARTERIES-51:-1-1 
SUPERFICIAL  SUBIMGUIHAL  LTiJPH  GLTJTOS-BT  :  3 

b.  Fossa  ovalis 

~  FOSSA'  OVALiS-27:  65 

H/LRGIH-27:66 


SUPERIOR  COROT-27:-67 

I1-3FERIOR  COPKU-27:66 
FASCIA  CRIEOSA-27:69S 

Sorae  of  tho  deep  sub  inguinal  lyaph  glands-57:i,  may  be 
in  relation  to  the  fossa  ovaiis. 

Cutaneous  nerves,    superficial  praepatellar  bursae 
"ILIOINGUIIIAL  HEHTO-70  :  29 
LUUBOINGUIITAL  NERVE-70  :  3<i 
LATERAL  FEIIORAL  CfDT.'JEOUS  NERVE-70:  36 
AJJTEEIOR  FHiORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVES  -70  :^Z 
IKFRAPATELLAR  RAI.IUS  OF  THE  SAPHENOUS  NERVE-70  :45 
CUTANEOUS  RAHI  OF  THE  OBTURATOR  1IER1TE-70  :  39 
BURSA  PRA3PATELLARIS  SUECUTAMEA-29  :  12 
BURSA  PRAEPATSLLAIilS  SUBFASCIALIS-®  :  13 


IBFEH'OP.  EXTEKIITY  I11- 

d»  Deep  fascia 

FASCIA  LATA-27  :  43 

ILIOTIBIAL  TRACT-??:  50 

LATERAL  INTERI  [OSCULAR  SEPTUM-27  :  51 

3IEDIAL  INTEP1IUSCULAR  SEPTUII-27:52 

Femoral  sheath 


Demonstrated  by  making  an  incision  through  the  fascia  lata 
beginning  at.  the  superior  cornu  of  the  falciform  margin  of 
tho  fossa  ovalis  and  extending  laterally  to  trithin  about 
2.  en..  of  the  anterior  superior  iliac  spine,  reflecting  the 
fascial  flc.p  laterally  and  removing  the  subjacent  fat  and 
deep  subinguinal  lymph  glands;   contents,  exposed  by  a  longi- 
tudinal incision  through  the  anterior  v/all  of  each  of  the  three 
subdivisions  or  coupartsients  of  the  sheath. 
FEMORAL  ARTERY-51  :  33 
LU:30INGUINAL  NERVE-70  :  31- 
FEHORAL  VEIN-55:61 
FSHORAL  CAKAL-27:62 

The  following  structures  are  palpable  by  introducing 

the  little  finger  into  the  femoral  canal, 

FEIORAL  RIHC—  27:63 

P3LI03AL  SEPTK  !-2  7  :  64 


INGUINAL  LIGAi!ENT-25:41 
PELSOPuAL  VEIN-55:S1 
PUBIC  BONE-15:40 
FEIORAL  HERNIA 

S.FFcmoral  trigone  and  its  contents 

Exposed  by  removing  tho  fascia  late;,  from  the  anterior  aspect 

of  the  proximal  third  of  the  thigh. 

FE'iORAL  TRIGONE-27  :  59 

FASCIA  ILIOPECTIHEA-27:5S 

LACUNA  I.IUOCULOEOiT-27:57 

LACUNA  VASORUI>2?:58 

FE  IORAL  ARTERY-51  :  3C 

SUPEEFICL\L  EPIGASTRIC  ARTERY-51:  39 

SUPERFICIAL  CIRCUMFLEX  ILIAC  ARTERY-51:  40 

EXTERNAL  PUDERDAL  /iRTSRIES-51:41 

INGUINAL  HAin       *51:44 
'  DEEP  FU  IORAL  ARTSRY-51t45 

1IEDIAL  CIRCUTiPLEX  FEIORAL  ARTERY-51:46 
LATERAL  CIRCTOIFLEX  FHIORAL  ARTERY-51:  50 
PEEJORAL  VEIN-55:61 

SUPERFICIAL  EPIGASTRIC  VBIN-56:65 

SUPERFICIAL  CIRCDIJPLEX  ILIAC  VEIH-55:68 

EXTERNAL  PUDENDAL  7EIWS-55t64 

GREAT   SAPHENOUS  VEIN-55:66 

ACCESSOPY  SAPEEKCUS  VEIN-55:67 


112 


DEEP  FE IDEAL  VEINS-55:72 

I.3DIAL  CIRCU!IFLEX  FEiIORAL  VEINS-55:69 
LATERAL  CIRCUMFLEX  FEIORA1  VEINS-55:70 

LU!!BOINGUIWAL  NERVE-70 : 34 

LATERAL  FEICHAL  CUTANEOUS  1IERVE-70:36 

FS.IORAL  !.JE!!VI>70  :<:<;! 

The  following  muscles  are  in  relation  to  the  floor  and  medial 

and  lateral  boundaries,    of  the  trigone: 

ADDUCTOR  LONGUS  IIUSCLE-27:5 

PECTINEUS  }IUSCLE-27:4 

ILIOPSOAS  tIUSCLE-26:63 

SARTORIUS  I IUS  ULE-2  6 : 76  - 

FOSSA  ILIOPECTIUEA-27:60 

6»  Adductor  canal  and  its  contents 


ADDUCTOR  CAWAL-27:53 

Exposed  by.malcing  a  longitiadinal  incision  through  the 
fascia  lata  remaining  on  the  distal  tvo-thirds  of .  the. 
anterior  aspect  of  the  thigh  and  reflecting  the  fascial 
flaps  laterally  and  medially,  but  leaving  intact  the 
iliotibial  tract;   contents  demonstrated  by  a  longitu- 
dinal inci&ion  through  the  fibrous  anterior  wall  of  the 
canal. 

FErlORAL  ARTEBY-51 : 38 

ART3RIA  GEEU  EUPRRIA-51:59 
S APHENOTJS  PAIFJS-5 1 : 61 
HUSCUL.VR  R.'I!I-51 : 60 
ARTICULAR  ffiiHI-51:62 

FHIOPulL  VEBT-35:611 

SAPHWOUS  NERVE-70:44 

TENDINOUS  £ADDUCTOR][  OPEJTIKG-27:E4 

7,  Lfuscles  of  the  front  of  the  thigh 

SARTORIUS  liUSCLB-26:76 
TENSOR  FASCIAE  LATAE  !lUSCLE-26:70 
ILIOTIBI-'i  TR,1CT-27:50 

LATERAL  IlTTEEiKJSCULu'Ji  SEPTUII  OF  THE  THIGH-27:51 
MEDIAL  IKTERFroSCOLAE  SEPTTOI  OF  THE  THIGH-27:52 
v   QUADRICEPS  FEIORIS  I!USCLE-26:77 

RECTUS  FEIORI5  ;.rUSCLE-26:78      '        .  . 

BURS  A  OF  RECTUS  FfllORIS  liaSCLE^-29:7 

VASTDS  LATERALIS  MUSCLE-26:79 

VASTUS  IJEDL'ilS  lID3CLE-27:2 

V/JSTUS   INTEEIEDIUS  MUSCLE-27:1 , 

Exposed  by  making  a  transverse  incision  through  the 

middle  of  the  rectus  femoris  nusclo  and  reflecting 

the  distal  end. 


XTRSi.ITY  113' 


ARTICULARIS  GENU  MUSCLE-  27:3 

Exposed  by  making  a   longitudinal      incision  through 

the  vastuc s   intermedius  muscle. 

COMMON  TEUDOII  C?  TITE   QUADRICEPS-SFEMORIS  MUSCLE-26:77 
HE-DIAL  PATELL-'.R  RETINACUIDli»21:19 
LATERAL  PATELLA?.  RET II-iACULUi  1-21:20 

VI.  Medial  Side  of  the  Thigh 


1.  Uuuolc.2,   nerves   and  vessels 

ADDUCTOR  LONGUS  :!USCLE-27:5 

DEE?  F2.rO?.:.L    T,TSRY-51:45 

EOTosed.lfy 'da'ia.ohirig  the  psetincus  nusclo.  at  its  or- 
igin  =»d  reflectpng  it  tor.rr.rd  its   insertion, 
guc.rding,   c.t  the  same  tine,   the  anterior  ramus  of  the 
obturator  nerve. 
FIRST  PERFORATING  ARTERY-51:53 
SUPERIOR  I1UTRIE1IT  ?SIOR;i  ARTERY-51:54 
3EC01T)  PISFOH/iTING  ARTERY-51:55 
THIRD  PERI-'OR,1TIUG  ;JITSRY-51:5S 
II-TFEP.IOR  NUTRIENT  Fn-iOPJi  .'JJTERY-51:57 

PECTIHEUS  IIUSCLE-27:4: 

PECTI1TEAL  FASCL>27:61 

IURSA  OF  PECTINEUS  KUECLE:CX-2S  :  1C 

UEDI/iL  CinCUIIFLEX  FEMORAL  /ARTERY-SI :46 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  pectineus  muscle  at  its   or- 
igin and  reflecting  it  toward  its  insertion* 
SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS-51:47 
DEEP  RAMUS-51:48 
ACETABULAR  RA;.rUS-51:49 

ADDUCTOR  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27:? 

OBTURATOR  NERVE-70:37 

POSTERIOR  RA!«JS-70:40 

E>rposed  by  detaching  the  adductor  brevis  muscle  »t 
its  origin  and  reflecting  it  toward  its  insertion- 
ANTERIOR  RAMUS-70:58 
CUTANEOUS  RA!.IUS-70:39 

GRACILIS  ;iUSCLE-27:6 

PF.OPKR  EUR3A  OF  SARTORIUS  IIUSCLE-29:19 
BURSA  A1TSERINA-29:20 

ADDUCTOR  MINIMUS  T.«JSCLE-27:9 

ADDUCTOR  1IA.GNUS  LiUSClE-27_:8 

TENDINOUS  [ADDUCTORJ  OPEN iNG-2 7:54 

The  following  structures  are  demonstrated  by  detaching  the 
adductor  minimus  and  magnus  muscles  at  their  origins  and 
reflecting  the*n  toward  their  insertions. 
OBTURATOR  EXTERNUS  I!USCL£-27:10 
PSOAS  1-lAJOL  TiJSCLE-26:65 
ILIAC  !IUSOLE-26:64 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY 


OBTURATOR  ARTEP.Y--50 ;  64 

Demonstrated  by  the  removal  of  the  obturator  externus 
musu]e  bit  by  bit. 

ANTERIOR  RAMU3-50:6S 

P  GSTSR  jiGR  TJ,  MUS  -  50 : 67 

ART3RY  CF  TFg  ACSTABDLDM-50:G6' 


VH.   Hip   Joint  . 
1.   Structures   in  relation  to  the  hip  joint 

remonstrated  by  severing  the  femoral  artery,  vein  and  nerve, 
detaching  the  iliopsoas  muscle  at  its  insertion,   dividing 
the  sartorius  muscle  near   its  origin  and  re-fleeting  these 
structures  together  with  the  tensor  fasciae  latae  musc3.e  and 
exposing  the  capsule  of  the  hip  joint. 
ILIOPECTINEaL  fiijR3A-29:8 
BURSA  OF  KECTUS  FEMORIS  MUSCLEXX>29 :7 
SUBTEITDINOUS   ILIAC  BDRSA-29:9 
AETICULA?  CAPSULL-20:64 
ILIOFEMCRAL  LIGAMENT-20 : 69 
ISCHIOCAPSULAR  LIGAMENT -2 1 : 1 
'.:     PUBOCAPSULAR  LIGA!ffiWT-21:2 
ZONA  CBBICOIAEIS-20:«8 
GLEITOID  LIP-20:65 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAI-EKT  OF  ACSTABULDM-20:66 
LIGAMENTUM  TERES  FfflORIS-20167 
SYNOV IAL  MEMBRANE -18:32 


VIII.     Leg       and       Foot 


1.   General  Characteristics 

a. Subdivisions  of   lep  an^  font 
LEG-5:54 

ANTERIOR  AND  POSTERIOR  SDRFACES-5:55,56 
CALF«5:57 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  MALLEOLI-5 :58,59 
FOOT- 5: 60 

TARSUS  -5: SI 

METATARSUS-5:82 

DORSmi  AND  SOLE  OF  FOOT-5:63,64 

MEDIAL  AND  LATERAL  MARGINS -5 :65,66 

HEEL-5.-67 

DIGITS  OF  FOOT-5:68 

HALLUX-5 : 69 

DIGITS   II-IV-5.-70 

SI.1ALLE3T  DIGIT-5:71 

DORSAL  AND  PLANTAR  SDRFACES-5:72,73 

IffiDIAL  AND  LATERAL  MARGINS -5: 74, 75 


INFEP.TOP  E7TRFMITY  H5- 

b. Surf ace  anatomy 

TOBEROSITY  OF  THE  TIBIA-16:32 
ANTERIOR  CREST  OF  THE  TI3IA-16:37 

MEDIAL  MARGIN  0?  THE  TIBIA-16:36 

MEDIAL  SURFACE  OF  :!!%  !TIBIA-16:33 

LATERAL  MALLEOLU? -16:57 

MEDIAL  MALLEOLUS-16:40 

TUBEROSITY  OF  T*3E  NAVICDLAR-17:23 

TDBEROSITY  OF  THE  FIFTH  I.IETATARSAL  BONE-17:36 

c.  Regions 

ANTERIOR  CRURAL  REGION-84 r26 
POSTERIOR  CRURAL  EEGION-84:27 

SUEAL  R2GION-84.-28 

LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  CRURAL  REGIONS-84:29,30 
LATERAL  MAI.LEOLAR  REGION-84:31 
MEDIAL  MALLEOLAR  REGION-84:32 

LATERAL  AND  MEDIAL  FETROMALLEOLAR  REGIONS-84:33,34 
CALCANEAL  REGION-84:35 

DORSAL  AND  PLANT/.R  REGIONS  OF  FOOT-84:36,37 
DIGITAL  REGIONS   OF  FOOT-84:38 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  REGION8-84:39 

UNGUICULAR  R2C-IONS-84:40 
PLANTAR  DIGITAL  REGIONS  OF  FOOT -84: 41 

2.  Anterior  region  of  leg  and  dor sum  of  foot 

a. Superficial  fascia,   cutaneous  nerves  and  veins 

Skin  incisions;   a)   longitudinally -"along  the  median  line  of 

the  leg  and  dorsuzn  of  the  foot  to  the  base  of  the  middle 

toe;  b)  transversely  across  the  ankle;   c)  transversely  across 

the  dor sum  of  the  foot  at  the  bases  of  the  toes;   d)  a 

medial  longitudinal  incision  along  the  dorsal  surface  of 

each  digit. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA-23:36 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  VEINS   OF  FOOT-56:15 

INTERCAPITULAR  VEINS-56:!! 

COMMON  DIGITAL  VEINS  OF  FOOT-56:9 

DORSAL  VENOUS  ARCH  OF  FOOT-56.-8 

DORSAL  CUTANEOUS  VENOUS  NETWORK  OF  FOOT -56: 7 

SMALL  SAPBENOUS  VEIN-56:!         Origin  only. 

GREAT  SAPHENOUS  VEIN-55:66       Origin  only. 

SAPHENOUS  NERVE-70:44 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  LEG-70":46 

LATERAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS   NERVE-70:58       Terminal  rami  only, 

SUPERFICIAL  PERONEAL  NERVE-70:60 

DEEP  PEROIffiAL  NEP^7E-70:65       Terminal  rami  only. 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  HERVES-?0:64 

LATERAL  DORSAL  CUTANEOUS  KERVE-71:5 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  116, 


b-Deep  .fascia 

DEEP  FASOlT  OF  THE  LEC-27:70 
TRANSVERSE  CRURAL  LIGA!GNT-27:73 
DORSAL  FASCIA   0?  FCOT-CS:! 
CRUCIATE  LIC-A1-I3NT  OF'  TR3  LEG-27':75 
SUPERIOR  PERCNEAL  RETlNACULUM-27:76 
INFERIOR  PEROHEAL  REHNACULUM-27:77 
ANTERIOR  FIBULAR  SEPTUM-27:7I 
POSTERIOR  FIBULAR  SEPTUM-27:72 

c. Muscles   in  the  anterior  region  of   leg 


Exposed  oy  making  a  longitudinal  incision  through  the  deep 

fascia  en  the  front  of  the  leg,  extending  from  the  knee  to 

ths  transverse  crural  ligament  and  reflecting  the  deep 

fascia,  but  retaining  intact  the  transverse  and  cruciate 

crur a 1   ligaments . 

TIBIALI3  ANTERIOR  MUSCLE-27:16 

EXTENSOR  DIGITORUM  LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:177 

EXTENSOR  HALLUCIS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:19 

PERONEUS  TERTIU3  MUSCLE-27:18 

.VAGINA  TENDINIS  MUPCULI  TIBIALIS  ANTERIORIS-29:29 

VAGINA  TENDINIS  MU3CULI  EXTENSORIS  HALLUCIS  LONGUS-29:30 

VAGINA  TENDINIS  MUSCULI  EXTENSORIS  DIGITORUM  PEDIS  LONGI- 

29:31 

d.Arteries 

ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  ARTERY-52:! 

Exposed  by  separating  the  extensor  digitorum  longus 

from  the  tibialis  anterior  muscle. 

ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  RECURRENT  ARTERY-52 :3        Origin  only.' 

LATERAL  ANTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52 :4 

MEDIAL  ANTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52 :5 

MEDIAL  MALLEOLAR  NETWORK-52:6 

LATERAL  MALLEOLAR  NET170RK-52:? 
PERFORATING  RAMUS  OF  THE  PERONEAL  ARTERY-52: 20  Termination 

only. 
DORSAL  ARTERY  OF  FOOT-52 : 8 

LATERAL  TARSAL  ARTERY-52: 9 

MEDIAL  TARSAL  ARTERIES -52 -.10 

ARCUATE  ARTERY-52: 11 

DORSAL  NETWORK  OF  FOOT -52: 12 

DORSAL  METATARSAL  ARTERIES-52 :13 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  ARTERIES -52: 14 

DEEP  PLANTAR  RAMUS-52:15 

e. Nerves 

DEEP  PERONEAL  NERVE-70:65 
MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:66 

DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES  TO  LATERAL  SURFACE  OF  HALLUX 
AND  TO  MEDIAL  SURFACE  OF  DIGIT   11-70:67 

SUPERFICIAL  PERONEAL  NERVE-70-.60 
MUSCULAR  RAMI-70:61 
EEDIAL  DORSAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:62 
INTERMEDIATE  DORSAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVE-70:63 
DORSAL  DIGITAL  NERVES  OF  THE  FOOT-70:64 


INFERIOR  ^xr^iiTY  117< 

f. Muscles  of  the  dor sum  of  the  foot 

EXTENSOR  HALLUCIS  BHZVIS  MUSCLE-27 : 34 

EXTENSOR  DIGITORUM  EREVIS  MUSCLE-27: 35 

Exposed  by  dividing  the  tendons  of  the  muscles  on  the 
front  of  the  leg  at  the  level  of  the  transverse  cru- 
ciate ligament  and  reflecting  the  tendons  toward  their 
insertion. 

DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-27:47 

Demonstrated  by  dividing  the  tendons  of  the  extensor 
digitorum  brevis  muscle  and  reflecting  the  muscle 
toward  its  origin;  completing,  at  the  same  time,  the 
exposure  of  the  lateral  tarsal  artery, arcuate  artery, 
and  terminal  rami  of  the  dagip  peroneal  artery. 

>  ! 

3.   Lateral  or  peroneal  region  of  leg 

a. Deep  fascia  and  muscles 

'^ANTERIOR FIBULAE      UTERi-iUSCULAE  SEPTUM-27:71 

Demonstrated  by  making  a  longitudinal   incision  through 
the  deep  fascia  of  this  region  and  reflecting  the 
fascia,  retaining  intact,   however,  the  peroneal  retin- 
acula. 

POSTERIOR     FIBULAE      IHTEEMOSCULAR  SEPTUM-27:72 
PERONEDS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-2?:20 
PERONEUS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27: 21 

SUPERIOR  RETINACULUM  OF  THE  PERONEAL  MUSCLES-27:76 
INFERIOR  RETMACULUM  OF  THE  PERONEAL  MUSCLES-27.-77 
COMMON  SHEATH  OF  TENDONS  OF  THE  PERONEAL  MUSCLES-29.-35 
SUBCUTANEOUS  BURSA  OF  THE  LATERAL  MALLEOLUS-29:27 

b. Nerve s 

COMMON  PERONEAL  SERVE-70-.56 
SUPERFICIAL  PERONEAL  MEEVE-70.-SO 

MUSCULAR  RA!.!I-70:61 
DEEP  PERONEAL  KERVE-70:65 

4»  Medial  region  of  leg 

GREAT  SAPHENOUS  VEIN-55:66 
SAPHENOUS  NERVE -70:44 

INFRAPATELLAR  RAMUS-70:45 

MEDIAL  CUTANEOUS  RAMI  OF  LEG-71:46 

TENDONS  OF  INSERTION  OF  THE  SARTOR IUS,GRACILIS  AND  SEMI- 
TEND  INOSUS  MUSCLES. 

TIBIAL  COLLATERAL  LIGAMENT  OF  KNEE  JOINT-21-.14 
MEDIAL  INFERIOR  GENICULAR  /.RTERY-51i;69 

5»  Posterior  region  of  leg  and  heel 

a. Fascia,   superficial  veins  and  cutaneous  nerves 

Skin  incisions:   a)   longitudinally  in  the  middle   line  of  the 
leg  from  the  popliteal  space  to  the  heel;   b)  transversely  at 
the  distal  end  of  (a)  and  extending  5  cm.  along  the  medial 
and  lateral  margins  of  the  foot. 


SHALL  SAPHENOUS  VSIN-56:! 
GREAT  SAPEEiroUS  VSIK-55:66 
SURAL  NEHVE-71:3 

MEDIAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS  NEEVE-71:2 
PERONEAL  ANAST01-TCTIC  3A!.EJS-70:59 
LATERAL  SUPAL  CUTANZCUS   IIE3VE-70: 58 
POSTEHIOPu  FF:'IO?,VL  C'J^/HEOUS   ITERVS-70 :  51 

MEDIAL  CRURAL  CUTANEOUS  RA1II  OF  THE  SAPHENOUS  NERVE-70:46 
ANTERIOR  FEKORAL  CUTANEOUS  NERVES -70: 42     Medial  terminal 

rami  orly. 
DEEP  FA3CIA-27:74 
LACINIATE  LIGAliENT-27 : 74 

b.  Muscles;    superficial  group 

Exposed"  by~  dividing"  tHe^cteep  fascir.  in  the  median  line  from 
the  popliteal  fossa  to  the  hoel  and  reflecting  the  fascia, 
but  retaining  intact  the  lacinate  ligament. 
TRICEPS  JRJSCLE  OF  THE  CALF-27:22 
GASTROCNErllUG  MOSCLE-27 : 22 

LaiSlAL  HEAD-27:24 

MEDIAL  HE,'vD--27:25 

LATERAL  BURSA  OF  GASTROCNE IIUS  !iUSCLE-29  : 24 

iiEDIAL  SURSA  OF  GASTROCNEUIUS  IIUSCLE-29:25 
SOLEUS  l?JSCLE-27:26 

Expoqocl  by  detaching  the  gastrocnemius  ?.t  its  c.ttrLch- 

ment  to  the  calcaneal  tendon  and  reflecting  it 

proxinally. 

TENDINOUS   .'JJCH  0?  THE  SOLEUS  lTOSCLE-27:27 
PLAKTARIS  1TUSCLE-27 : 29 
CALCANE/iL  TE1TDON  (OF  ACHILLES)-27:28 

SUBCUTAIJjSCUS  CALCANE.IL  BURSA-28:2S 

BURSA  OF  CALCAHEAL  TENDOH-2&:40 

Demonstrated  by  dividing  the  calcaneal  tendon 

a  few  centimeters  from  its  insertion  and  reflecting 

tho  tendon. 

c. Muscles:  deep  group 

Structures  exposed  by  detaching  the  soleus  muscle  ct  its  or- 
igin from  the  tibia,  separating  it  fron  the  tendinous  r.rch, 
reflecting  the  muscle  laterally,  :&&  making  a  longitudinal 
incision  through  the  deep  transverse  fascia  or  septun  be- 
tween the  superficial  and  deep  group  of  muscles  of  the  back 
of  the  leg. 
POPLITEUS  HOSCLE-27:SO 

BURSA  OF  POPLITEUS  IJUSCLE-29:22 
FLEXOR  DIGITORIUH  LONGUS  MUSCLS-27:32 

SHEATH  OF  TENDONS  OF  FLEXOR  DIGITORUH  LOKGUS  l!USCLE-29:32 
TIBL"-LIS  POSTERIOR  IIUSCLE-27: 31 

SHEATH  OF  TENDON  OF  TIBL'ilS  POSTERIOR  HDS CLE-29 : 33 
FLEXOR  HALLUCIS  LOHGUS  ;IUSCLE-27:3S 

SHRITH  OF  TENDON  OF  FLEXOR  HALLUCIS  LONGUS  M08CLE-29:34 

d./irteries 

POPLITlL'i  ARTERY-51:63  Termination  only. 
ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  /^TERY-52:1  Origin  only. 
POSTERIOR  TIBIAL  RECURRENT  ARTISY-52:2 


INK21IGR  3XTREMITY  119. 


ANTERIOR  TIBIAL  LYMPH  GLAND-57:6 
POSTERIOH  TIBIAL  AHTERY-52:16 
FI3ULAR  RAMUS-52:17 
PERONSAL  ARTERY-52:18 

mTRIEiI?  AP.TERY   OF  THE  FIBUIA-52:19 

PIJPfCEATINO  RAMU3-52:20 

CCTlUjTlCATZ'G  RAMUS-62 :21 

LATERAL  POSTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52-.22 

LaT3RAL  CALCANEAL  RAMI-52:23 
NUTRIENT  ARTERY   OF  THE  TIBIA -52: 24 
MEDIAL  POSTERIOR  MALLEOLAR  ARTERY-52:25 
MEDIAL  CALCA1TEAL  RAMI-52:26 
NETWORK  OF  HEEL-52:27 

e. Nerves 

"TIBIAL  KERV2-70:G8 

M03CULAR  RA.MI-70:69 

INTF.ROSSEOUS  NERVE  OF  LEG-71:! 

Mp:DIAL  SURAL  CUTANEOUS  NEP.VE-71:2 

SDRAL  NERVE-71:3 

f.Laciniate  ligament -2 7; 74 
6.  Plantar  rpgion  of  the  foot 

a. Fascia  and  superficial  veins 

~STih  incisions:  a) "longitudinally  along  the  middle  line  of 
the  sole;  "b)  transversely  across  the  sole  at  the  clefts  of 
the  toes;   c)   longitudinally  along  the  middle  line  of  each 
toe. 

SUPERFICIAL  FASCIA -23: 36 
DIGITAL  PLANTAR  VEINS-56:16 
PLANTAR  VENOUS  ARCH-56:13 

INTERCAPITULAR  VEINS-56:!! 
PLANTAR  VENOUS  NETWORK-56 : 12 

MEDIAL  CALCANEAL  RAMI  OF  THE  TIBIAL  NERVE-71:6 
PLANTAR  APONEUROSI 5-28:2 

TRANSVERSE  FAS ICULI-28 : 3 

b»t£uaoleay   auperficlal.  layer 

ABDUCTOR  HALLUCIS  MUSCLE-27:36 
FLEXOR  DIGITORUM  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27:44 

VAGINAL  LIGAMENT-28:6 

ANNULAR  LIGAMSUT-28:5 

CRUCIATE  LIGAMEST-28.-7 

DIGITAL  SHEATHS  OF  TENDONS  OF  FOOT-29:44 
ABDUCTOR  DIG IT I  QUINTI  MUSCLE-27:41 

c. Plantar  arteries 

Exposed  by  detaching  the  preceding  muscles  at  their  origins 
and  reflecting  them  toward  their  insertions   (noting  at  the 
same  time  their  nerve  supply). 
MEDIAL  PLANTAR  ARTERY-52:28 

SUPERFICIAL  RAMUS-52:30 

DEEP  RAMUS-52:29 
LATERAL  PLANTAR  ARTERY-52:31 


INFERIOR  EXr?E£?-IITY  12°- 

d. Plantar   Nerves 

MEDIAL  PLANTAR  NEHVE-71:? 

COMMON  DIGITAL  PLANTAR  NERVES -71: 8 

PROPER  DIGITAL  PL/.NTAR  NERVES-71:9 
LATERAL  PLANTAR  NERVE-71:10 

SUPERF  1C  IAL,  EAIvIUS  -71:11 
COMMON  DIGITAL  PLANTAR  NERVES-71:12 
PROPER  DIGITAL  PLANTAR  NERVES-71:13 

e. Muscles;    second  layer   of  muscles  and  tendons 

TENDONS   OF  THE  FLElcOH  DIGITORUM  LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:32 
QUADRAT  US  PLANTAE  MUSCLE-27:45 
LUMBR  ICALES  HUS  C  LES  -2  7 : 46 

BURSAE  OF  LUMEH ICALES  MUSCLES-29:43 
TENDON  OF  THE  FLEXOR  K2.LLUCIS   LONGUS  MUSCLE-27:33 

f. Muscles;   third  layer 

Exposed  by"  dividing  the  tendons  of  the  flexor  digitorum 
longus  and  flexor  hallucis  longus  muscles,  the  heads  of  the 
quadratus  plantae  muscle,  and  the  plantar  vessels  and  nerves 
near  the  os  calcaneum  and  reflecting  these  structures  distally 
(noting  at  the  same  time  the  nerve  supply  to  the  lumbricales 
muscles) . 

FLEXOR  HALLUCIS  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27:37 
ADDUCTOR  HALLUCIS  MU3CL3-27:38 

OBLIQUE  HEAD--27:39 

TRANSVERSE  HE/;D-27:40 

FLEXOR  DIGITI  QUINTI  BREVIS  MUSCLE-27.-42 
OPPOKSNS  DIGITI  QUINTI  !.!USCLE-27:4S 

g.  Plantar  arch  and  deep  division  of  the  lateral  plantar  nerve 
Demonstrated  \>y  deta'ching  the  flexor  hallucis  brevis  muscle 
and  the  oblique  head  of  the  adductor  hallucis  muscle  at  their 
origins  and  reflecting  them  distally   (identifying  at  the 
same  time  the  nerve  supply  of  the  latter  muscle). 
PLANTAR  ARCH- 52: 32 

PLANTAR  METATARSAL  ARTERIES-52 : 33 

PERFORATING  RAMI-52:34 

DIGITAL  PLANTAR  ARTERIES-52 : 35 
DEEP  BRANCH  OF  LATERAL  PLANTAR  NERVE-71:14 

h»Interosseous  muse les  and  deep  tendons 

"'TRANSVERSE  LIGAI-ffiN'JT OF  THE  HEADS   OF  THE  METATARSAL  BONES- 
22:21 

PLANTAR  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES -2 7-. 4 8 
DORSAL  INTEROSSEOUS  MUSCLES-27:47 
TENDON  OF  TIBIALIS  POSTERIOR  MUSCLE-27:31 
TENDON  OF  PERONEUS  LONGUS  MUSCLE-27-:-20 

PLANTAR  SHEATH  OF  TENDON  OF  PERONEUS  LONGUS  MUSCLE- 

29:41 

7.  Articulations  of  the  leg  and  foot 

a. KNEE  JOINI-21.-3 

ARTICULAR  CAPSULE-21:4 

FIBULAR  COLL/.TERAL  LIGAIffiNT-21: 13 


INFERIOR  EXTREMITY  .  121. 


TIBIAL  COLLATERAL  LIGAM3NT-21:  14 
OBLIQUE  POPLITEAL  LIGAMENT  -21:16 

ARCUATE  POPLITEAL  LIGAMENT  -2  1:16 

LIGAMENT  OF  THE  PATELLA-21:  18 

MEDIAL  PATELLAR  RET  IWJULDM-2  1:19 

LATERAL  PATELLAR  Fl,TniACULUM-21:20 

The  following  structures  may  be  exposed  by  making  a  longitu- 

dinal incision  or.  either  side  of  the  patella  and  patellar 

ligament,   dividing  the  quadriceps  extensor  muscle  about  8 

cm.  above  the  patella,   and  reflecting  the  patella  and  common 

extensor  tendon  die-tally. 

PATELLAR  SYNOVIAL  FOLD-21:!! 

DEEP   INFRAPATELLAR  BURSA-29:17  \ 

LATERAL  MENISCU3-21:5 

MEDIAL  MENISCUS~21:6 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  KNEE-21:  7 

CRUCIATE  LIGAMEUTS   OF  THE  KNEE-21:  8 

ANTERIOR  CRUCIATE   LIGAMENT-21:9 

POSTEROIP.  CRUCIATE  LIO/JB5HT-21  :  10 
SYNOVIAL  MEMBRA3IE-18:32 

b  .Ankle  jcir.t  -2  1_;  29 

"ARTICULAR  CAFSuHT-2  1  :  so 

DELTOID  LIGAI.ffiNT»2i:31 

TIBIONAVICULAR  '.LIGAMENT  -21  :32 

CALCAKEGTIElil,  .&eG*E3W?-21  :  S3 

ANTERIOR  TALOTIBIAL  LIGAMENT  -2  1:34 

POSTERIOR  TALCTIBIAL  LIGAMENT  -2  1:35 
ANTERIOR  TALQFIBULAR  LIGAMENT  -2  1  :  36 
POSTERIOR  TALOFIBULAR  LIGAMENT  -2  1:37 
CALCANEOFIBULAR  LIG/J[ENT-21:38 
SYNOVIAL  HEMBRA»B-18:52 

c.Tibiof  ibular  joints 

TIBIOF1BULAR  ARTICDL/iTION-2  1:21      . 

ARTICUUR  CAPSULE-21:22 

LIGAJEHTS  OF  THE  HEAD  OF  THE  FIBULA  -2  1:23 

INTER  OSSEOUS  MEMBRANE-2  1  :  24 
TIBIOFIEULAR  SYNDESMOSIS-21  :  25 

ANTERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  LATERAL  MALLEOLUS-21  :  26 

POSTERIOR  LIGAMENT  OF  THE  LATERAL  MALLEOLUS-21:  27 

d.  Inter  tar  sal  Artie  ul.ations-21  :39 

ARTICULAT 


ART  ICULAR  CAPSUIE-2  1  :  42 
LATER^XL  TALOCALCANE/vL  I,IG/lffilIT-21:43 
MEDIAL  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGAIvIENT-21  :44 
ANTERIOR  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGA?.ffil1T-21  :45 
POSTERIOR  TALOCALC^NE/.L  LIGAJ-1ENT-21:46 
TALOCALCAHEOHAV  ICUL^R  ART  ICULAT  I  ON-2  1  :  40 
DORSAL  TALONAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-21:58 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULE   OF  THE  TALONAVICULAR  PART   OF  THE 
JOINT-21:49 

The  exanination  of  the  articulation  may  be  completed 
by  severing  the  ligaments  holding  the  talus  in  place 
and  removing  the  talus. 
INTEROSSEOUS  TALOCALCANEAL  LIGAMENT  -2  1:54 


INFERIOR  EXTREKITY 


122 


PLANTAR  CALCANEONAVICUL/'-R  LIGAMENT-2  1  :  70 

CALCANSONAVICULAR  PART  OF  THE  BIFURCATE  LIGAMENT-2  1:62 

DORSAL  CALOANEO:iAVICULAR  LIGAMENT  -2  1:64 
CHOPART'S  TRANSVERSE  ARTICULATION  OF  THE  TARSUS-21;47 

TALONAVICULAR  ARTICULATION-21  :48 

Note  that  tnis  is  a  part  of  the  talocalcaneonavicu- 
lar  articulation;   attention  has  already  been  direct- 
ed to  its  articular  capsule  in  connection  -with  the 
talocalcaneonavicular  articulation* 

CALCANECCUEOID  ARTICULATION-21  :  50 
ART  ICULAR  CAPSULE-2  1:51 
PLANTAR  CALCANEOCUBOID  LIGAMENT-2  1:69 
LONG  PLANTAR  LIGAMENT  -2  1:67 

Not  confined  entirely  to  this  articulation. 
CUNEONAVICULAR  ARTICULATION-21:  52 

DORSAL  NAVICULAR  CUNEIFORM  LIGAMENTS  -2  1  :  65 

PLANTAR  NAVICULAR  CUNEIFORM  LIGAMENTS-22  :2 
LIGAMENTS  CONNECTING  THE  CUBOID,  NAVICULAR  AND  CUNEIFORM 
BONES; 

DORSAL  CUBOIDEONAVICULAR  LIGAMENT  -2  1:60 

DORSAL  CUNEOCUBOID  LIGAMENT  -2  1:59 

PLANTAR  CUBOIDEONAVICULAR  LIGAMENT-22:3 

PLANTAR  CUNEOCUBOID  LIGAMENT  -22:  5 

PLANTAR   INTERCUNEIFORM  LIGAJjENTS-22:4 

IKTEROSSEOUS  CUNEOCUBOID  LICJAMEBT-21:55 

INTEROSSEOUS   INTERCUNEIFORM  LIGA'ffiNTS-21:56 

e.Tarsometatarsal  articulations-22:6 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULES-22  :7 
DORSAL  TARSAMETATARSAL  LIGAMEWTS-22  :8 
PLANTAR  TARSOMETATARSAL  LIGATffiNTS-22:9 
INTER  OSSEOUS  CDNBOfffiTAIARSAL  LIG/JENTS-22:  10 

f  .Intermotatarsal  articulations-22  :11 


~  ARTICUL,\R   CAPSULES-22  :  12 

DORSAL  LIGAlfflSNTS  OF  THE  BASES   OF  THE  METATARSAL  BONES- 
22:14 

PLANTAR  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  BASES  OF  THE  METATARSAL  B9NES-22:15 
INTEROSSEOUS  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  BASES  OF  THE  METATARSAL 
BONES-22:13 
INTEROSSEOUS  SPACES  OF  METATARSUS-22  :  16 

g.Me  ta  tar  sophalangeal  articulations-22:  17 

ARTICULAR'  CAPSULES-22  :  is 

COLLATERAL  LIGAMENTS-22  :  19 

PLASTAR  ACCESSORY  LIGATffiNTS-22:20 

TRANSVERSE  LIGAMENTS  OF  THE  HEADS  OF  THE  METATARSAL  BONES- 

22:21 

h.Articulations  of  the  toes-22:22 
ARTICULAR  CAPSULES  -22:  23 
COLLATERAL  LIGA!ffiNTS-22  :  24 


Part       Two 

SYSTEMATIC      ANATOMY 


Part  Tv?o 
Systematic 


1     N  0  M  I  N  A 


ANATOMICA 


2  TERMINI.  SI TUM  ET  DIRECTIONEM  PARTIUL!  CORPORIS  INDICANTES 


4  Verticalis 

5  Horiaontalis 

6  Medianus 

7  Sagittalis 

8  Frontalis 

9  Transversalis 
10  Medialis 

.11  Internedius 

12  Lateralis 


3     Termini     p.enerales 

13  Anterior 

14  Me di us 

15  Posterior 

16  Ventralis 

17  Dorsalis 

18  Internus 

19  Externus 

20  Dexter 

21  Sinister 


22  Longitudinal is 

23  Trans versus 

24  Cranialie 

25  Rostralisx 

26  Caudalis 

27  Superior 

28  Inferior 

29  Superficialis  fsublimisj 

30  Profundus 


31     Termini  ad  extreraitates  suectantes 


32  Proxiicalis 

33  Distalis 

34  Radialis 


35  Ulnaris 

36  Tibialis 

37  Fibularis 


*  The  following  arrangement  of  terns  is  based  on  that  of  the  B  N  A  system 
as  published  by  His  in  the  Archiv  fttr  Anatoznie  und  Entwicklungsgeschichte, 
Supplemental  Band,  1895. 

All  of  the  terms  have  been  left  in  their  original  Latin  fern.  Certain  obvious 
errors  in  the  original  lists  (cf.  also  Sycleshyner's  Anatomical  Names,  p.  2, 
1917}  have  been  corrected  as  follows: 

p.  20,  Nos.  34,  35  corrected  to  read  Ligg.  instead  of  Lig. 
p.  23,  Nos,  55,  56,  57  corrected  to  read  MM.  instead  of  M. 


p.  25,  No.  49 

p.  29,  No.  4 

p.  34,  No.  65 

p.  53,  No.  74,  75,  76 

p.  55,  No.  71 

p.  68,  No.  65, 


n 

n 

-" 

I  Spe 

n 

ft 

n 

"obt 

it 

IT 

»t 

fib 

n 

t» 

rt 

Vv. 

n 

n 

n 

V. 

n 

n 

n 

Nn. 

{S  pi  gel 

obturatoris  "  "  obturatorii 
"  fibrosus 
"  V. 
«  Vv 

•  N. 


!1 

n 
n 


For  the  significance  of  brackets  and  asterisks  see  footnote,  Part  1,  page 
1.  The  prefixed  numerals  in  Part  II  merely  indicate  the  serial  position  of 
each  term  for  cross  reference  purposes. 


" 


ANATOMICAL  TERMS 


1     TERI.IINI     GENERALES 


2  Accessorius 

3  Acinus 

4  Aditus 

5  Ala 

6  Alveolus 

7  Ampulla 

8  Anguluc 

9  Ansa 

10  Antrum 

11  Apertura 

12  Apex 

13  Appendix 

14  Arc  us 

15  Area 

16  Basis 

17  Brae hi urn 

18  Canaliculus 

19  Canalis 

20  Capsula 

21  Caput 

22  Capitulura 

23  Cartilage 

24  Caruncula 
2  5  Cauda 

26  Caverna 

27  Cavum 

28  Cellula 

29  Circulus 

30  Cisterna 

31  Collum 

32  Colunna 

33  Commissura 

34  Cornu 


35  Corona 

36  Corpus 

37  Corpusculum 

38  Crista 

39  Crus 

40  Decussatio 

41  Dorsum 

42  Ductulus 

43  Ductus 

44  Eminentia 

45  Endothelium 

46  Epithelium 

47  Extremitas 

48  Facies 

49  Fascia 

50  Fasciculus 

51  Fibra 

52  Fibrocartilago 

53  Filum 

54  Fissura 

55  Flexura 

56  Folium 

57  Folliculus 

58  Foramen 

59  Fornatio 

60  Fornix 

61  F^ssa 

62  Fossula 

63  Fovea 

64  Foveola 

65  Frenulum 

66  Fund us 

67  Funiculus 


68  Geniculum 

69  Genu 

70  Gland ula 

71  Glomerulue 

72  Glomus 

73  Mil  us 

74  Humor 

75  Junctura 

76  Impressio 

77  Incisura 

78  Infundibulum 

79  Intestintim 

80  Isthmus 

81  Labium 

82  Lacuna 

83  Lamina 

84  Latus 

85  Ligament urn 

86  Limbus 

87  Limen 

88  Linea 

89  Liquor 

90  Lobulus 

91  Lobus 

92  fee  ula 

93  Mar go 

94  Kassa 

95  Meatus 

96  Medulla 

97  Membrana 

98  Merabrum 

99  Mucus 
100  Musculus 


GENERAL  ANATOMICAL  TERMS 


1  Nervfis 

2  Nodulus 

3  Nucleus 

4  Organon 

5  Orificium 

6  Os  Torie  1 

7  Os   *ossisj 

8  Ostiura 

9  Papilla 

10  Parenchyma 

11  Paries 

12  Perichondrium 

13  Periosteum 

14  Plexus 

15  Plica 

16  Polus 

17  Processue 

18  Prorainentia 

19  Punctum 

20  Radix 

21  Ramulus 

22  Ramus 

23  Raphe 

24  Recessus 


\ 


25  Regie 

26  Rete 

27  Riaa 

28  Rundimentum 

29  Septulum 

30  Septum 

31  Sinus 

32  Spatium 

33  Spina 

34  Stratum 

35  Stria 

36  Stronia 

37  Substantia 

38  Succus 

39  Sulcus 

40  Taenia 

41  Tegicon 

42  Tela 

43  Tela  conjunctiva 

44  Tela  elastica 

45  Torus 

46  Trabecula 

47  Tractus 
43  Trigonum 


49  Trochlea 

50  Truncus 

51  Tuber 

52  Tuberculum 

53  Tubulue 

54  Tunica 

55  Tunica  propria 

56  Umbo 

57  Uvula 

58  Vagina 

59  Vallecula 

60  Vallum 

61  Valvula  • 
62'.  Vas 

63  %  Velum 

64  Vertex 

65  Vesica 

66  Vesicula 

67  Vestibulum 

68  Villus 

69  Viscus  £viscera^ 

70  Vortex 

71  Zona 


. 
• 


' 


1  PARTSS  COBPORIS  HUMANI 


4. 


2  Caput 

3  Collum 


8  Vetex 

9  Sinciput 

10  Frons 
11  Occiput 


16  0  v,  u  1  u  8 

17  Paplebra  superior 

18  Palpebra  inferior 

19  Rica  palpebrarum 

20  Bulbus  oculi 

21  Supercilium 

22  Sulcus  infrapalpebralis 

23  N  a  s  u  s 
24-  Dorsum  nasi 

25  Apex  nasi 

26  Ala  nasi 


6  CAPUT 

7  Cranium 


15  Facies 


39  COLLUM 


40  Cervix 

41  Larynx 

42  Prominentia  laryngea 

47  Thorax 

48  Cavum  thoracis 

49  Pectus 

50  Mamma 

51  Papilla  mammae 


56  Cavuia  abdoininis 

57  Scrobiculus  cordis 

58  Umbilicus 


46     TRUNCUS 


55    Abdomen 


4  Truncus 

5  Extremitatea 


12  Tempora 

13  Auris 

14  Auricula 


27     0  s 

28  Sulcus  nasolabialis 

29  Philtrum 

30  Labiuin  superius 

31  Labium  inferius 

32  Rima  oris 

33  Cavum  oris 

34  Lingua 

35  Fauces 

36  Bucca  I«3ala 

37  Sulcus  mentolabialis 

38  1'entum 


43  Pharynx 

44  Trachea 

45  Oesophagus 


52  Dorsum 

53  Columna  vertebralis 

54  Canalis  spinalis 


59  Latus 

60  Lumbus 

61  Inguen 


• 


Parts  of  the  Hunan  Body 


5. 


2 

3 
4 
5 

10 


13 
14 


19 
20 
21 
22 


50 
51 


1  Pelvis 


Cavum  pelvis 

Mons  pubis 

Coxa 

Nates  {Clunes  _ 

9  EXTREMITAS 
Axilla 

11  Plica  axillaris  anterior 

12  Plica  axillaris  posterior 
Acromion 

Brachium 

15  Facies  anterior 

16  Facies  posterior 

17  Facies  lateralis 

18  Facies  medialis 
Sulcus  bicipitalis  lateralis 
Sulcus  bicipitalis  medialis 
Cubitus 

Antibrachium 

23  Facies  dorsalis 

24  Facies  volaris 

25  Margo  radialis 

26  Margo  ulnaris 


8 


Anus 

7  Crena  ani 
Perineum 


SUPERIOR 
27  Manus 

28  Carpus 

29  Metacarpus 
30 

31 
32 


33 
34 


Femur 

46  Facies  anterior 
4?  Facies  posterior 

48  Facies  lateralis 

49  Facies  medialis 
Sulcus  glutaeus 
Genu 

Poples 
Patella 


44  EXTREMITAS  INFERIOR 


52 
53 

Crus 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 

Pee 


Facies  anterior 

Facies  posterior 

Sura 

Malleolus  lateralis 

Malleolus  roedialis 


Dor  sura  manus 
Vola  manus     Palm 
Thenar 
Hypothenar 
Digit!  manus 


VAgJkVJb     WHfc«HW  _• 

35  Pollex  fDigitue  I  J 

36  Index     f      "         III 

37  Digitus  medius       tj)igitu8  III'; 

38  Digitus  annularieC 

39  Digitus  minimus     L     ? 

40  Facies  dorsales. 

41  Facies  volares 

42  Margines  radiales 

43  Kargines  ulnares 


61  Tarsus 

62  Metatarsus 

63  Dorsum  pedis 

64  Planta 

65  Margo  pedis  lateralis 

66  Margo  pedis  medialis 

67  Calx 

68  Digiti  pedis 

69  Hallux  fDigitus  Ij 

70  Digiti  II-IV  ^ 

71  Digitus  minimus  {[Digitus  Vj 

72  Facies  dorsales 

73  Facies  plantares 

74  Margines  laterales 

75  Margines  mediales 


••    • 


'.       '  '••     : 

'    '     =  ' 

'     -.      -  - 

'        •         :.    • 

•-  ' 

-?       -     •.       '     -     .          ' 


•    ;     ••     .  • 

• .  .•  • 
• 

-  - '  •  . 


- 

•    '••. 


JOT* 


1  OSTSOLOGIA 


2 
3 

4 
5 
6 
7 


21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 


Os  Ion gun 

Os  breve 

Og  planutn 

Os  pneumaticum 

Epiphysis 

Diaphysis 


8  Synchondrosis  epiphyseos*  14  Cavum  medullare 

9  Apophysis  15 

10  Faciee  articularis  16 

11  Substantia  compacta  17 

12  Substantia  corticalis  18 

13  Sybstantia  spongiosa  19 


Medulla  ossiun 
Medulla  ossium  flava 
Medulla  ossiuo  rubra 
Foramen  nutriciua 
Canalis  nutricius 


21  COLUMNA. 
Vertebrae  cervicales 
Vertebrae  thoracales 
Vertebrae  lumbales 
Vertebrae  sacrales 
Vertebrae  coccygeae 
Corpus  vertebrae 
Fovea  costalis  superior 
Fovea  costalis  inferior 
Canalis  vertebralis 
Foramen  vertebrale 
Arcus  vertebrae 
Radix  arcus  vertebrae 
Incisura  vertebralis  superior 
Incisura  vertebralis  inferior 
Foramen  .intervertebrale 
Sulcus  n.  spinalis 
Processus  spinosus 
Vertebra  promineng 
Processus  transversus 
Fovea  costalis  transversalis 
Tuberculum  anterius  j^vertebrarum 
cervicaliumj 


VSRTBBRALIS  f 

42  Tuberculum  caro tic urn  ^vertebrae 

cervicalis  Vl$ 

43  Foramen  transversarium 

44  Tuberculum  posterius  £vertebrarum 

cervicaliumj 

45  Processus  articulares  superiores 

46  Facies  articulares  superiores 

47  Processus  articulares  inferiores 

48  Facies  articulares  inferiores 

49  Processus  costarius 

50  Procescus  accessorius  ^vertebrarum 

lumbaliucf} 

51  Processus  rtanmillaris 

52  Atlas 

53  Massa  lateralis 

54  Arcus  anterior 

55  Tuberculun  anterius 

56  Foveae  articulares  superiores 

57  Facies  articulares  inferiores 

58  Favea  dent is 

59  Fovea  posterior 

60  Sulcus  arteriae  vertebralis 

61  Tuberculum  posterius 


•• 


.    •         ....•:• 

'     .  • 

:    .    . 


Osteology 


7. 


1  Epistcopheus 

2  Dens 

3  Fades  articularis  anterior 

4  Facies  articularis  posterior 

5  Os  sacrum 

Facies  dorsalis 

Facies  pelvina 

Basis  oss.  sacri 

Processus  articularis  superior 

Promontorium 

Pars  lateralis 

Facies  auricularis 

Tuberositas  sacralis 

Foramina  intervertebralia 

Foramina  sacralia  anteriora 

Lineae  transversae 

Foramina  sacralia  posteriora 

Crista  sacralis  media 

Cristae  sacrales  laterales 

Cristae  sacrales  articulares 

Cornua  sacralia 

Canal is  sacralis 

Hiatus  sacralis 

Apex  oss.  sacri 

25  Os  coccygig 
Cornua  coccygea 

27  THORAX 

28  Cc.dtft^ 
Costae  verae 
Costae  spuriae 
Os  costalo 
Cartilage  costalis 
Capituluni  costae 

Facies  articularis  capituli  costae 

Crista  capituli 

Corpus  costae 

Tuber culum  costae 

Facies  articularis  tuberculi  costae 


39  Coll urn  costae 

40  Crista  colli  costae 

41  Angulus  costae     _.       -* 

42  Tuberculun  scaleni  IJLdBfrancij 

43  Sulcus  subclaviae 

44  Tuberositas  costae  II 

45  Sulcus  costae 

46  Sternum 

47  Manubrium  sterni 

48  Angulus  sterni 

49  Synchondrosis  sternalis 

50  Corpus  sterni 

51  Planum  sternale 

52  Processus  xiphoideus 

53  Incisura  clavicularis 

54  Incisura  jugularis 

55  Incisurae  costales 

56  (Ossa  suprasternalis) 

57  Thorax 

58  Cavura  thoracis 

59  Apertura  thoracis  superior 

60  Apertura  thoracis  inferior 

61  Arc us  costarum 

62  Spatia  intercostalia 

63  Angulus  infrasternalis 

64  Sulcus  pulmonalis 

65  OSSA  CRANII 

66  Os  Basilare 

67  Os  occipitale 

68  J Foramen  occipitale  magnum 

69  Pars  basilaris 

70  Sulcus  petrosus  inferior 

71  Pars  lateralis 

72  Squama  occipitalis 

73  Margo  nastoideus 

74  Margo  lambdoideus 

75  (Os  interparietale) 


•  -    ,    • 

.  .  .  .  .:  •• 


•    •  .-  . : 
•  •  •      •  •  : 


'• .  • 


. 


Osteology 


"'1  Clivus 

2  Tuberculum  pharyngeum 

3  Condylus  occipitalis 

4  Caralis  condyloideus 

5  Canalis  hypoglossi 

6  Tuberculum  jugulare 

7  Incisura  jugularie 

8  Processus  jugularis 

9  Fossa  condyloidea 

10  -processus  intra jugularis 

11  Planura  occipitale 

12  Planum  nuehaio 

13  Protuberantia  occipitalia  externa 

14  (Torus  occipitalis) 

15  Crista  occipitalis  externa 

16  Linea  nuchae  suprema 

17  Linea  nuchae  superior 

18  Linea  nuchae  inferior 

19  2ainentia  cruciata 

20  Protuberantia  occipitalis  interna 

21  Sulcus  sagittalis 

22  Sulcus  transvercus 

23  (Processus  paramastoideus) 

24  Os  sphenoidale 

25  C  orr  pus 

26  Sella  turcica 

27  Fossa  hypophyseos 

28  Dorsum  sellae 

29  Tuberculum  sellae 

30  Processus  clinoideus  aedius 

31  Processus  clinoideus  posterior 

32  Sulcus  caroticus 

33  Lingula  sphencidalia 

34  Crista  sphenoidalis 

35  Rostrum  sphenoidale 

36  Sinus  sphenoidalis 

37  Septum  sinuum  sphenoidalium 

38  Apertura  sinus  sphenoidalis 

39  Conchae  sphenoidales 

40  Clivus 

41  Ala     parva 

42  Sulcus  cniasmatis 


43  Foramen  opticum 

44  Processus  clinoideus  anterior 

45  Fissura  orbitalis  superior 

46  Ala  magna 

47  Facies  cerebralis 

48  Facies  tetnporalis 

49  Facies  sphenomaxillaris 

50  Facies  orbitalis 

51  fergo  zygomaticus 

52  Margo  frontalis 

53  Angulus  'parietalis 

54  Margo  squamosus 

55  Crista  infrateniporalis 

56  Foramen  rotundum 

57  Foramen  ovale 

58  Foramen  spinosum 

59  Spina  angularis 

60  Processus 

pterygoideus 

61  Lamina  lateralis  processus 

pterygoidei 

62  Lamina  medialis  processus 

pterygoidei 

63  Fissura  pterygoidea 

64  Fossa  scaphoidea 

65  Processus  vaginalis 

66  Hamulus  pterygoideus 

67  Sulcus'  hamuli  pterygoidei 

68  Fossa  pterygoidea 

69  Canalis  pterygoideus 

70  Canalis  pharyngeus 

71  Canalis  basipharyngeus 

72  Sulcus  tubae  audit ivae 

73  Sulcus  jvteryg;Tal"ticus 

74  (Processus  pterygospinosus 

fCivininil ) 

75  Os  Temporals 

76  Pars     mastoidea 

77  Fargo  occipitalis 

78  Processus  mastoideus 

79  Incisura  mastoidea 

80  Sulcus  sigmoideus 


1 


Csteology 


Sulcus  a.  occipitalis 

Foramen  mastoideum 

Pars  petrosa 

Faciee  anterior  pyranidis 

Facies  posterior  pyramidis 

Facies  inferior  pyramidis 

Apex  pyramidis 

Angulus  superior  pyramidis 

Angulus  anterior  pyramidis 

Angulus  posterior  pyraraidis 

Sulcus  petrosus  superior 

Tegmen  tympani 

Eminentia  arcuata 

Canalis  facialis  Falloppii 

Hiatus  canalis  facialis 

Geniculum  canalis  facialio 

Sulcus  n.  petrosi  superficialis  raajoris 

Sulcus  n.  petrosi  superficialis  minoris 

Impressio  trigemini 

Porus  acusticus  internus 

Meatus  acusticus  internus 

Fossa  subarcuata 

Aquaeductus  vestibuli 

Apertura  externa  aquaeductus  vestibuli 

Sulcus  petrosus  inferior 

Incisura  jugularis 

Process us  intra jugularis 

Fossa  jugularis 

Canaliculus  nastoideus 

Sulcus  canaliculi  mastoidei 

Processus  styl6adeus 

Vagina  processus  styloidei 

Foramen  styloraastoideum 

Fossula  petrosa 

Canaliculus  tympanic us 

Sulcus  tympanicus 

Apertura  inferior  canaliculi  tympanic! 

Apertura  superior  canaliculi  tympanic! 

Canaliculun  cochleae 

Apertura  externa  canaliculi  cochleae 


41  Canalie  caroticus 

42  Canaliculi  caroticotympanici 

43  Canalis  musculotubarius 

44  Semicanalis  m.  tensoris  tympani 

45  Semicanalis  tubae  auditivae 

46  Septum  canalis  musculotabarii 

47  Cavum  tympani  (v.  Organon 

auditus) 

48  Canaliculus  chordae  tympani 

49  Fissura  petrotympanica   (Glaseri 

50  Fissura  petrosquamosa 

51  Pars     tympanica 

52  Annul us  tympanic us x 

53  Meatus  acusticus  externus 

54  (Spina  supra  meatum) 

55  Fissura  tympanonastoidea 

56  Spina  tympanica  major 

57  Spina  tympanica  minor 

58  Porus  acusticus  externus 

59  Squama  temporal!? 

60  Ivlargo  parietalis 

61  Incisura  parietalis 

62  Margo  sphenoidalis 

63  Facies  temporalis 

64  Processus  zygomaticus 

65  Fossa  nandibularis 

66  Facies  articularis 

67  Tuberculum  articulare 

68  Facies  cerebralis 

69  Sulcus  a.  temporalis  mediae 

70  Os  parietale 

71  Facies  cerebralis 

72  Facies  parietalis 

73  Margo  occipitalis 

74  Margo  squamosus 

75  Margo  frontalis 

76  Margo  sagittalis 

77  Angulus  frontalis 

78  Angulus  occipitalis 

79  Angulus  sphenoidalis 

80  AAngulus  mastoideus 

81  Foramen  parietale 


OSTEOLOGY 


10. 


1  Tuber  parietale 

2  Linea  temporalis  inferior 

3  Linea  temporalis  superior 

4  Sulcus  sagittalis 

5  Sulcus  transversus 

6  Os  frontale 

7  Squanra.  frontalis 

8  Facies  frontalis 

9  Ms.rgo  supraorbitalis 

10  Pars  orbitalis 

11  Incisura  etsmoidalis 

12  P^rs  nasalis 

13  b-Tina  frontalis 

14  Margo  nasalis 

15  Margo  parietalis 

16  Processus  zygomaticus 

17  Facies  teraporalis 

18  Linea  temporal  is 

19  Tuber  frontale 

20  Arcus  superciliaris 

21  Glabella 

22  Foramen  sive  Incisura  supraorbitalis 

23  Incisura  sive  Foramen  frontale 

24  Facies  orbitalis 

25  (Spina  trochlesris) 

26  Fovea  trochlearis 

27  Foramen  ethmoidale  anterius 

28  Fpramen'-ethmoidale  posterius 

29  Fossa  glandulae  lacrimalis 

30  Facies  cerebralis 

31  Crista  frontalis 

32  Sulcus  sagittalis 

33  Foramen  caecum 

34  Sinus  frontalis 

35  Septum  sinuuai  frontalium 

36  Os  ethmoidale 

37  Lamina  cribrosa 

38  Crista  galli 

39  Processus  alaris 

40  Lamina  perpendicular is 


41  Labyrinthus  ethmoidalis 

42  Cellulae  ethmoidales 

43  Infundibulum  ethmoidale 

44  Hiatus  semilunaris 

45  Bulla  ethmoidalis 

46  Lamina  papyracea 

47  Foramina  ethmoidalia 

48  (Concha  nasalis  suprema) 

49  Concha  rasalir;  superior 

50  Concha  rasalir,  media 

51  Procesfms  uncinatus 

52     CoKcha  nasa] is  inferior 

53  Processes  lajn/mlis 

54  Prccessus  maxillaris 

55  Processus  ethmoidalis 

56     £s  JLacjrircale, 

57  Crista  lacriiialis  posterior 

58  Sulcus  lacrinalis 

59  Hamulus  lacriraalis 

60  Fossa  sacci  lacrimalis 

61     Os  Nasale 

62  Foramina  nasalia 

63  Sulcus  ethmoidalis 

64  Vomer 
65  Ala  Vomeris 

66  OSSA  FACIEI 

67  Maxilla. 

68  Corpus  maxillae 

69  Facies  anterior 

70  Facies  nasalis 

71  Facies  orbitalis 

72  Facies  infratemporalis 

73  Sinus  aaxillaris 

74  Margo  infraorbitalis 

75  Canalis  infraorbitalis 

76  Sulcus  infraorbitalis 

77  Foramen  infraorbitale 

78  Sutura  infraorbitalis 

79  Fossa  canina 


OSTEOL03Y 


11. 


1 

2 
3 

4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 


(Fossa  praenasalis) 
Incisura  nasalis 
Tuber  maxillare 
Foramrna  alveolaria 
Canales  alveolares 
Planum  orbitale 
Margo  lacrimalis 
Sulcus  lacrimalis 
Canalis  nasolacrimalis 
Crista  conchalis 
Processus  frontalis 
Crista  lacrimalis  anterior 
Incisura  lacrimalis 
Crista  ethmoidalis 
Processus  zygocaticus 
Processus  palatinus 
Crista  nasalis 
Spina  nasalis  anterior 
Qs  incisivumx 
Canalis  incisivus 
Sutura  incisiva 
Spinae  palatinae 
Sulci  paljatini 
Processus  alveolaris 
Limbus  alveolaris 
Alveoli  dentales 
Septa  interalveolaria 
Juga  alveolaria 
Hiatus  inaxillaris 
Foramen  incisivum 


31  Os  palatinum 
Pars  perpendi 
Facies  nasalis 
Facies  maxillaris 
Incisura  sphenopalatina 
Sulcus  pterygopalatinus 
Processus  pyramidalis 
Foramen  palatinum  ma  jus 
Foramina  palatina  minora 
Canales  palatini 
Crista  conchalis 
Crista  ethmoidalis 


c  u  1  a  r  i  s 


43  Processus  orbitalie 

44  Processus  sphenoidalis 

45  Pars  horizontal! 

46  Facies  nasalis 

47  Facies  palatina 

48  Spina  nasalis  posterior 

49  Crista  nasalis 

50  Os  zypomaticum 

53  Facies  naAaris 

52  Facies  temporalis 

53  Facies  orbitalis 

54  Processus  temporalis 

55  Processus  frontosphenoidalis 

56  (Prooessus  marginalis) 

57  Foramen  zygomaticoorbitale 

58  Foramen  zygomaticofaciale 

59  Foramen  zygomaticotemporale 

60  Mardibula 

61  Corpus  nandibulae 

62  Basis  mandibulae 

63  Protuberantia  mentalis 

64  .Tuberculum  mentale 

65  Spina  mentalis 

66  Foramen  mentals 

67  Linea  obliqua 

68  Fossa  digastrica 

69  Linea  mylohyoidea 

70  Sulcus  nylohyoideus 

71  Juga  alveolaria 

72  Ramus  mandibulae 

73  Angulus  mandibulae 

74  (Tuberositas  masseterica) 

75  (Tuberositas  pterygoidea) 

76  (Crista  buccinatoria) 

77  Incisura  mandibulae 

78  Processus  condyloideus 

79  Capitulum  proc.  condyl. 

mandibulae 

80  Collum  proc.  condyloidei 

•  mandibulae 

81  Fovea  pterygoidea  proc. 

condyloidei 

82  Processus  coronoideus 


OSTEOLOGY 


12. 


1  Foramen  mandibulare 

2  Lingula  mandibulae 

3  Canalis  mgfndibulae 

4  Fovea  sublingualis 

5  (Fovea  subiraxillaris) 

6  Pars  alveolaris 

7  Lirabus  alveolaris 

8  Alveoli  dentales 

9  Septa  interalveolaria 

10  Os  hyoideum 

111  Corpus  ODS.  hyoidei 

12  Cornu  minus 

13  Cornu  najus 

14  CRANIUM 

15  Calvaria 

15  Pericranium 

17  Lamina  externa 

18  DiploB          -       -- 

19  Canales  diploici  |_BreschetiJ 

20  Lamina  interna 

21  Facies  £ossea) 

22  Cranium  cerebrals 

23  Cranium  viscerale 

24  Vertex 

25  Frons 

26  Occiput 

27  Basis  cranii  interna 

28  Basis  cranii  externa 

29  Fossa  cranii  anterior 

30  Fossa  cranii  media 

31  Fossa  cranii  posterior 

32  Juga  ceirebralia 

33  Impressiones  digitatae 

34  Sulci  venosi 


35  Sulci  artos'ioei 

36  (Foveolae  granulares  [Pacchlonij) 

37  (Oe-ja  suturarmr.) 

38  Planum  teraporale 

39  Fossa  temporalis 

40  Arcus  zygomaticus 

41  Fossa  infratemporalis 


42  Fossa  pterygopalatina 

43  Canalis  pterygopalatinus 

44  Foramen  sphenopalatinum 

45  Apertura  piriformis 

46  Cavun  nasi 

47  Septum  nasi  osseum 

48  Mea.tus  nasi  coiamunis 

49  Meatus  nasi  superior 

50  Meatus  nasi  reoaiuc  • 

51  Meatus  nasi  inferior 

52  Meatus  nasopharyngeus 

53  Choanae 

54  Recfustts  sphenoethmoidalis 

55  Foramen  jugiilare 

56  Fissura  sphenopetrosa 

57  Fissura  petrooccipitalis 

58  Fissura  sphe no occipital is 

59  Foramen  laceruin 

60  Fibrocartilago  basalis 

61  Palatun;  durua 

62  (Torus  palatinus) 

63  Orbita 

64  Aditus  orbitae 

65  Margo  supraorbitalis 

66  Margo  infraorbitalis 

67  Paries  superior 

68  Paries  inferior 

69  Paries  lateralis 

70  Paries  medialis 

71  Fissura  orbitalis  superior 

72  Fissura  orbitalis  inferior 

73  Sutyrae  cranii 

74  Sutura  corona.lis 

75  Sutura  sagittalis 

76  Sutura  lambdoidea 

77  Sutura  bccipitomastoidea 

78  Sutura  sphenofrontalis 

79  Sutura  sphenoorbitalis 

80  Sutura  sphenoethmoidalis 

81  Sutura  sphenosquamosa 

82  Sutura  sphenoparietalis 


05TEOLC5Y 


13. 


Sutura  squamosa 
(Sutura  frontalis) 
Sutura  parietomastoidea 
(Sutura  squamosorcastoidea) 
Sutura  nasofrontalis 
Sutura  frontoethmoidalis 
Sutura  f rontorcaxillaris 
Sutura  frontolacrimalis 
Sutura  zygomaticofrontalis 
Sutura  zygomaticomaxillaris 
Sutura  ethmoideomaxillaris 
Sutura  sphenozygoreatica 
(Sutura  sphenor-axillaris) 
Sutura  zygomaticotemporalie 
Sutura  internasalis 
Sutura  nasomaxillaris 
Sutura  lacrinoraxillaris 
Sutura  lacrimoconchalis 
Sutura  internaxillaris 
Sutura  palatomaxillaris 
Sutura  palatoethmoidalis 
Sutura  palatina  nediana 
Sutura  palatina  transversa 

24  Syhchondroses  cranii 
Synchondrosis  sphenooccipitalie 
Synchondrosis  sphenopetrosa 
Synchondrosis  sphenopetrosa 
Synchondrosis  intraoccipitalis  posterior* 
Synchondrosis  intraoccipitalis  anterior* 
Synchondrosis  intc>rfphenoidalisx 
Fonticulus  frontalis  irajor  x 
Fonticulus  occipitalis  minor  x 
Fonticulus  mastoideus* 

s  sphenoidaliox 


a  t  i  s 


35     OSSA  SXTKEMITATIS  SUPERIORIS 
Cingulum     extremit 
superior  is 

37  Scapula 
Facies  costalis 
Lineae  musculares 


40  Fossa  subscapularis 

41  Facies  dorsalis 

42  Spina  scapulae 

43  Fossa  supraspinata 

44  Fossa  infraspinata 

45  Acromion 

46  Facies  articularis  acromii 

47  Margo  vertebralis 

48  Ifergo  axillaris 

49  Margo  superior 

50  Angulus  inferior 

51  Angulus  lateralis 

52  Angulus  medialis 

53  Cavitas  glenoidalis 

54  Collum  scapulae 

55  Tuberositas  infraglenoidalis 

56  Tuberositas  supraglenoidalis 

57  Incisura  scapulae 

58  Processus  coracoideus 

59  Clavicula 

60  Extremitas  sternalis 

61  Facies  articularis  sternalis 

62  Tuberositas  costalie 

63  Extrenatas  acromialis 

64  Facies  articularis  acromialis 

65  Tuberositas  coracoidea 

66  Skeleton  3Xtreni« 

tatis  perioris 
1  i  b  e  r  a  e 

68  Caput  humeri 

69  Collum  anatomicum 

70  Collum  chirurgicina 

71  Tuberculuin  ma  jus 

72  Tube rcul urn  minus 

73  Sulcus  intertubercularis 

74  Crista  tuberculi  majoris 

75  Crieta  tuberculi  minoris 

76  Corpus  huaeri 


OSTEOLOGY 


14. 


1  Facies  anterior  medialis 

2  Facies  anterior  lateralis 

3  Facies  posterior 

4  Liar  go  medialis 

5  Mar go  lateralis 

6  Tuberositas  deltoidea 

7  Sulcus  n.  radialis 

8  .Sulcus  n.  ulnaris 

9  Capitulum  humeri 

10  Trochlea  humeri 

11  Spicondylus  medialis 

12  Epicondylus  lateralis 

13  Fossa  olecrani 

14  Fossa  coronoidea 

15  Fossa  radialis 

16  (Processus  supracondyloideus) 

47  Radius 

18  Corpus  radii 

19  Capitulum  radii 

20  Fovea  capituli  radii 

21  Collum  radii 

22  Circumferentia  articularis 

23  Tuberositas  radii 

24  Crista  interossea 

25  Facies  dorsalis 

26  Facies  volaris 

27  Facies  lateralis 

28  Iv&rgo  dorsalis 

29  Margo  volaris 

30  Pro-ressus  styloideus 

31  Incisura  ulnaris  . 

32  Facies  articularis  carpea 

33  Ulna 

34  Corpus  ulnea 

35  Olecranon 

36  Processus  coronoideus 

37  Tuberositas  ulnae 

38  Incisura  semilunaris 

39  Incisura  radialis 


40  Crista  interossea 

41  Facies  dorsalis 

42  Facies  volaris 

43  Faciee  medialis 

44  liar  go  dorsal  r^s 

45  Margo  volaris 

46  Crista  m.  supinatoris 

47  Capitulua  ulnae 

48     Circuraferentia  articularis 

49  Processus  styloideus 

50     Cajrgu?. 

51  Ocsa     carpi 

52  (Os  centrale) 

53  Os   naviculare  rcanus 

54  54     Tuberculum  oss.  navicularis 

55  Oc  lunatum 

56  Os  triquetrum 

57  Os  pisiforme 

58  Os  nultanguluijjnajus 

59  Tuberculum  ose.  multang. 

majoris 
6C  Os  multangulum  ffiinua 

61  Os  capitatun 

62  Os  hamatum 

63  Hanulus  oss.  hairati 

64  Eminentia  carpi  radialis 

65  Eninentia  carpi  ulnaris 

66  Sulcus  carpi 

67  Metacarpus 
68  Ossa  metacarpalia  I— V 

69  Basis 

70  Corpus 

71  Capitulura 

72  Os  metacarpale  III 

73  Processus  Styloideus 

74  Phalanges  digitorum  manus 

75  Phalanx  prina 

76  Phalanx  secunda 

77  Phalanx  tertia 

78  Basis  phalangis 


OSTEOLOGY 


15. 


1  Corpus  phalangis 

2  Trochlea  phalangis 

3  Tuberositas  unguicularis 

4  Ossa  sesamoidea 

5     OSSA  EXTREMITATIS   INFERIORIS 
6.Cingulum     extremitati 
infjrioris 

7     Qg   coxae 

8  Foramen  obturatuin 

9  Acetabulun 

10  Fossa  acetabuli 

11  Incisura  acetabuli 

12  Facies  lunata 

13  Sulci  paraglenoidales 


15 
15 
17 
18 


22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


33 
34 
35 
36 
37 


14  Os^  ilium 
Corpus  oss.  ilium 
AlT.  oss .  ilium 
Linea  arcuata 
Crista  iliaca 

19  Labium  extrenum 

20  Linea  intermedia 

21  Labium  internum 

Spina  iliaca  anterior  superior 
Spina  iliac  anterior  inferior 
Spina  iliaca  posterior  superior 
Spina  i? iaca  posterior  inferior 
Linea  glutaea  anterior 
Linea  glutaea  posterior 
Linea  glutaea  inferior 
Facids  auricularis 
Tuberositas  iliaca 
Fossa  iliaca 


32  Os  ischii 
Corpus  oss..  ischii 
Raraus  superior  oss, 
Ramus  inferior  oss, 
Tuber  ischiadicum 
Spina  ischiadica 


ischii 
ischii 


38 
39 


41 
42 

e  43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 

49 
50 
51 


53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 


62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 

69 


Incisura  ischiadica  major 
Incisurs.  ischiadica  minor 

40     ps  ptibis_ 
Corpus  oss,  pubis 
Pec  ten  CBS*  pv.bis 
Eninentia  ila  ope c tinea 
Tuberculum  pubicum 
Crista  obturatoria 
Sulcus  obturato'-'itis 
Tuberci'vlura  obturatorium  anterius 
(Tuberoulum  obturatorium 

posterius) 

Ranus  inferior  oss.  pubis 
Ramus  superior  oss .  pubis 
Facies  syaphyseos 

52  Pelvis 


Symphysis  ossiuin  pubis 
Arc us  pubis 
Angulus  pubis 
Pelvis  major 
Pelvis  minor 
Linea  terminalis 

59  Pars  sacralis 

60  Pars  iliaca 

61  Pars  pubica 

Apertura  pelvis  £rainoris3  superior 

Apertura  pelvis  (minorisj  inferior 

Axis  pelvis 

Conjugata 

Diameter  transversa 

Diameter  obliqua 

Inclinatio  pelvis 

Skeleton    extremi- 
tatis     inferioris 
1  i  b  e  r  a  e 


70     Femur 

71  Caput  femoris 

72  Fovea  capitis  femoris 

73  Collum  femoris 


;•      • 


OSTEOLOGY 


16. 


1  Corpus  femoris 

2  Trochanter  major 

3  Fossa  trochanterica 

4  Trochanter  minor 

5  (Trochanter  tertius) 

6  Linea  intertrochanterica 

7  Crista  intertrochanterica 

8  Linea  aspera 

9     L&bium  laterals 
10     Labium  zaediale 

11  Linea  pectinea 

12  Tuberositas  glutaea 

13  Fossa  intercondyloidea 

14  Linea  intercondyloidea 

15  Planuin  popliteum 

16  Condylus  me dial is 

17  Condylus  lateralis 

18  Facies  patellaris 

19  Epicondylus  lateralis 

20  Epicondylus  medialis 

21  Tibia 

22  Facies  articularis  superior 

23  Corpus  tibiae 

24  Condylus  medialis 

25  Condylus  lateralis 

26  Fossa  intercondyloidea  anterior 

27  Fossa  intercondyloidea  posterior 

28  Eminentia  intercondyloidea 

29  Tuberculum  intercondyloideum  aediale 

30  Tuberculum  intercondyloideum  laterale 

31  Margo  infraglenoidalis 

32  Tuberositas  tibiae 

33  Facies  iredialis 

34  Facies  posterior 

35  Facies  lateralis 

36  Margo  medialis 

37  Crista  anterior 

38  Crista  interossea 


39  Linea  poplitea 

40  Malleolue  medialis 

41  Incisura  fibularis 

42  Sulcus  malle olaris 

43  Facies  articularis  inferior 

44  Facies  articularis  malleolaris 

45  Fibula 

46  Corpus  fibulae 

47  Crista  interossea 

48  Crista  antarior 

49  Crista  lateralis 

50  Crista  medialis 

51  Facies  medialis 

52  Facies  lateralis 

53  Facies  posterior 

54  Capitulum  fibulae 

55  Facies  articularis  cepituli 

56  Apex  capituli  fibulae 

57  Lfelleolus  lateralis 

53  Facies  articularis  malleoli 

59  Patella 

60  Basis  patellae 

61  Apex  patellae 

62  Facies  articularis 


64 


66 
67 
68 
69 


73 
74 
75 


63 

0  s  s  a 


Tarsus 
tarsi 


65  Talus 
Caput  tali 
Corpus  tali 
Collum  tali 
Trochlea  tali 

70  Facies  superior 

71  Facies  malleolaris  medialis 

72  Facies  nalleolaris  lateralis 
Sulcus  tali 

Processus  lateralis  tali 
Facies  articularis  calcanea 
posterior 


Oct<?  ol  o  gy 


17. 


1  Facies  articularis  calcanea  media 

2  Sulcus  m.  flexoris  hallucis  longi 

3  Facies  articularis  navicularis 

4  Facies  articularis  calcanea  anterior 

5  Processus  posterior  tali 

6  (Os  trigonun) 

7  Calcaneus 

8  Corpus  calcanei 

9  Tuber  calcanei 

10  Processus  nedialis  tuberis 

calcanei 

11  Processus  lateralis  tuberis 

calcanei 

12  Sustentaculum  tali 

13  Sulcus  m.  flexoris  hallucis  longi 

14  Sulcus  calcanei 

15  Sinus  tarsi 

16  Facies  articularis  anterior 

17  Facies  articularis  media 

18  Facies  articularis  posterior 

19  Sulcus  m.  peronaei 

20  (Processus  trochlearis) 

21  Facies  articularis  cuboidea 

22  Os  naviculare  pedis 
23  Tuberositas  oss.  navicularis 
23  Tuberositas  oss. 


24  Os  cunei forme  primum 

2 5  03  cuneiforme  secundure 

26  On  cuneiiorme  tertiurn 

27  Os  cuboideum 

28  Sulcus  ni.  peronaei 

29  Tuberositas  oss.  cuboidei 

30  I.'eta  tarsus 
31  Ossa  rnetatarsalis  I — V 

32  Basis 

33  Corpus 

34  Capitulum 

35  Tuberocitas  oss.  metatarsalis  I 

36  Tuberositas  oss.  metataraalis  V 

37     Phalanges  digitorum  pedis 

38  Phalanx  prina 

39  Ehalanx  secur.da 

40  Phalanx  tertia 

41  Tuberositas  unguicularis 

42  Basis  phalangis 

43  Corpus  phalangis 

44  Trochlea  phalangis 

45  Ossa  sesamoidea 


. 


18. 


1  SYMflSSMOLOGIA 


2 
3 


11 


24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 


Junctura  ossium 
Synarthrosis 
4  Sutura 

5  Sutura  serrata 

6  Sutura  squamosa 

7  Hamonia 

8  Gomphosis 

9  Cynchor.drosis 
10     Syaphj'sis 

Diarthrosis 

12  Articulatio 

13  Articulatio  simplex 

14  Articulatic  conaposita 

15  Arthrcdia 

16  Articulatio  sphaeroidea 

17  Enarthrocis 

18  Ginglymus 

19  Articulatio  coohlearis 

20  Articulatio  ellipsoidea 

21  Articulatio  trochoidea 

22  Articulatio  sellaris 

23  Amphiarthrosis 
Syndesmosis 
Cartilage  articularie 
Cnvum  articulare 


Labrum  glenoidale 
Meniscus  articularis 
Capsula  articularis 


31  Stratum  fibrosura 

32  Stratum  synoviale 

33  Plica  svnovialis 

34  Villi  synoviales 

35  Synovia 

36  LIGAMENTA  COLIMNAE  VERTEBRALIS 

ET  CRANII 

37  Fibrocartilagines  inter vertebrales 

38  Annulus  fibrosus 

39  Nucleus  pulposus 

40  Ligg.  flava 

41  Capsulae  articulares 

42  Ligg.  intertransversaria 

43  Ligg.  interspinalia 

44  Lig.  supraspinale 
45.  Lig.  nuchae 

46  Lig.  longitudinals  anterius 

47  Lig.  longitudinals  posterius 
46  EymphyGis  sacrococcygea 

49  Lig.  sacrococcygeua  posterius 

cuperf iciale 

50  Lig.  eacrococcygeum  posterius 

prcfundum 

51  Lig.  sacrococcygeusi  anterius 

52  Lig.  eacrococcygeum  laterale 

53  Lig.  pterygospinosum 

54  Lig.  stylohyoideun 


19 


1  ARTICULATIO  ATLfNTOOCCIPITALIS 

2  Capsulae  articulares 

3  Membrana  atlantooccipitaMs  anterior 

4  Membrana  atlantooccipitalis  posterior 

5  ARTICULATIO  ATLANTOEPISTROPHICA 

6  Capsulae  articulares 

7  Ligg.  alaria 

8  Lig.  apicis  dentis 

9  Lig.  transversum  atlantis 

10  Lig.  cruciatua  atlantis 

11  Membrana  tectoria 

12  ARTICULATIONES  COSTOVERTEBRALES 

13  ARTICULATIONES  CAPITULORUM 

14  Capsulae  articulares 

15  Lig.  capituli  costae  rqdiatum 

16  Lig.  capituli  costae  interarticulare 

17  ARTICULATIONES  COSTOTRANSVERSA- 
RIAE 

18  Cs-psulae  articulares 

19  Lig.  tuberculi  costae 

20  Lig.  colli  costae 

21  Lig.  costotransversarium  anterius 

22  Lig.  costotransversarium  posterius 

23  Lig.  lumbocostale 

24  Foramen  costotransversarium 

25  ARTICULATIONES  STERNOCOSTALES 

26  Capeulae  articulares 

27  Lig.  sternocostale  interarticulare 

28  Ligg.  sternocostalis  radiata 

29  Membrana  sterni 

30  Ligg  costoxiphoidea 

31  Ligg.  intercostalia 

32  Ligg.  intercostalia  externa 

33  Ligg.  intercostalia  interne 
34  Articulationes  interchondrales 


35  ARTICULATIO  MANDIBULARIS   • 

36  Capsula  articularis 

37  Discus  articularis 

38  Lig.  temporcmandibulare 

39  Lig.  sphenomandibulare 

40  Lig.  stylomandibulare 

41  LIGG.  CINGULI  EXTREMITATIS 
SUPERIORIS 

42  Lig,  coracoacromiale 

43  Lig.  transversum  scapulae  superiu 

44  Lig.  transversum  scapulae  inferiu 

45  ARTJCULATIO  ACROMIOCLAVICULARIS 

46  Capsula  articularis 

47  Lig.  acromioclaviculare 

48  (Discus  articularis)  . 

49  Lig,  coracoclaviculare 

50  Lig.  trapezoideum 

51  Lig.  conoideum 

52  ARTICULATIO  STERNOCLAVICULARIS 

53  Capsula  articularis  . 

54  Discus  articularis 

55  Lig.  sternoclaviculare 

56  Lig.  costoclaviculare 

57  Lig.  interclaviculare 

58  ARTICULATIO  HUMERI 

59  Capsula  articularis 

60  Labrum  glenoidale 

61  Lig.  coracohumerale 

62     ARTICULATIOBCUBITI 

63  Articulatio  humeroulnaris 

64  Articulatio  humeroradialis 

65  Articulatio  radioulnaris 

proximalis 

66  Capsula  articularis 

67  Lig.  collaterale  ulnare 

68  Lig.  collaterale  radiale 

69  Lig.  annulare  radii 


20 


1  Recessus  saccifornis 

2  Membrana  interossea  antibrachii 

3  Chorda  obliqua 

4     ARTICULATIO  RAOIOULNARIS  DISTALIS 

5  Capsula  articularis 

6  Discus  articularis 

7  Recessus  sacciformis 

8     ARTICULATIO  MANUS 

9  Articulatio  radiocarpea 

10  Articulatio  intercarpea 

11  Capsula  articularis 

12  Lig.  radiocarpeum  dorsale 

13  Lig.  radiocarpeurn  volare 

14  Lig.  carpi  radiatum 

15  Lig.  collaterale  carpi  ulnare 

16  Lig.  collaterale  carpi  radiale 

17  Ligg.  intercarpea  dorsalia 

18  Ligg.  intercarpet,  volaria 

19  Ligg.  intercarpea  interossea 

20  ARTICULATIO  OSSIS  PISIFORMIS 

21  Capsula  articularis 

22  Lig.  p  sohamatum 

23  Lig.  pisometacarpeum 

24  Canalis  carpi 

25  ARTICULATIONES  CARPOMETACARPEAE 

26  Gapsulae  articulares 

27  Ligg.   carpometacarpea  dorsalia 

28  Ligg.   carpometacarpea  volaria 

29     ARTICULATIO  GARPOMETACfiRPEA 

POLLICIS 
30     Capsula  articularis 

31     ARTICULATIGNSS  INTERMETACARPEAE 

32  Capsulae  artic^ulares 

33  Ligg.  basium  £oss.  metacarpj  dorsalia 

34  Ligg.  basium  ("oss.  iretacarp5  volaria 


35  Ligg.  basium  loss,  metacarpj 

interossea 

36  Spatia  interossea  metacarpi 

37  ARTICULATIONES  METACARPOPHA- 
LANGEAE 

38  Capsulae  articulares 

39  Ligg.  collaterlia 

40  Ligg.  accessoria  volaria 

41  Ligg.  capitulorum  £oss.  metacarp- 

transversa 


42  ARTICULATIONES  DIGITORUM  MNUS 

43  Capsulae  articulares 

44  Ligg.  collateralia 

45  LIGG.  CINGULI  EXTREMITATIS 
INFERIORIS 

46  Membrana  obturatoria 

47  Canalis  obturatorius 

48  Lig.  iliolumbale 

49  Lig.  sacrotuberosuo 

50  Processus  falciformis 

51  Lig.  sacrospinosum 

52  Foramen  ischiadicum  icajus 

53  Foramen  ischiadicum  minus 

54  ARTICULATIO  SACROILIACA 

55  Ligg.  sacroiliaca  anteriora 

56  Ligg.  sacroiliaca  interossea 

57  Lig.  sacroiliacum  posterior  breve 

58  Lig.  sacroiliacum  posterius  l\>ngum 

59  SYMPHY3IS  OSSIUM  PUBIS 

60  Lig.  pubicum  superius 

61  Lig.  arc  ua  turn  pubis 

62  Lamina  fibrocartilaginea  inter- 

pubica 

63  ARTICULATIO  COXAE 

64  Capsula  articularis 

65  Labrum  glenoidale 

66  Lig.  transversum  acetabuli 

67  Lig.  teres  femoris 

68  Zona  orbicularis 

69  Lig.  ilioferraorale 


21. 


1  Lig.  ischiocapsulare 

2  Lig.  pubooapsulare 

3     ARTICULATIO  GENU 

4  Capsula  articularis 

5  Meniscus  lateralis 

6  Meniscus  nediulis 

7  Lig.  transversum  genu 

8  Ligg.  cruciata  genu 

9  Lijg,  c rue ia turn  antorius 
10  Lig.  cruciatun  posterius 

11  Plica  synovialis  patellaris 

12  Plicae  alares 

13  Lig.  collaterals  fibuiare 

14  Lig.  collaterale  tibiale 

15  Lig.  popliteum  obliquum 

16  Lig.  popliteum  arcuatum 

17  Retiraculum  lig.  arcuati 

18  Lig.  patellae 

19  Retinae ul urn  patellae  mediale 

20  Retinaculum  patellae  laterals 

21     ARTICULATIO  TIBIOFIEULARIS 

22  Capsula  articularis 

23  Ligg.  capituli  fibulae 

24  Membrana  interossea  cruris 

25     SYNDESMOSIS  TIBIOFIBULARIS 

26  Lig.  iralleoli  lateralis  anterius 

27  Lig.  nalleoli  lateralis  posterius 

28     ARTICULATIONES  PEDIS 

29     ARTICULATIO  TALOCRURALIS 

30  Capsula  articularis 

31  Lig.  deltoideum 

3Z  Lig.  tibionaviculare 

33  Lig.  calcaneotibiale 

34  Lig.  talotibiale  anterius 

35  Lig.  talotibiale  posterius 
36  Lig.  talofibulare  anterius 


37  Lig.  talofibulare  posterius 

38  Lig.  calcaneof ibulara 

39  ARTICULATIONES  INTERTARSEAE 


40  ARTICULATIO  TALOCALCANEONAVICULARIS 


41 

42 

43 
44 
45 
46 


41  ARTICULATIO  TALCCALCANEA 
Capeula  articularis 
Lig.  talocaleaneum  laterale 
Lig.  talocalcanoum  mediale 
Lig.  talocalcaneum  anterius 
Lig.  talocalcaneum  posterius 

47  ARTICULATIO  TARSI  TRANSVERSA 
CHOPARTI 


48  ARTICULATIO  TALONAVICULARIS 
49  Capsula  articularis 

50  ARTICULATIC  CALCANEOCUBCIDEA 
51  Capeula  articularis 

52  ARTICULATIO  CUNEOMVICULARIS 

53  LIGG.  TARSI  IKTSROSSEA 

54  Lig.  talocalcaneum  interosseum 

55  Lig.  cuneocuboideun  interosseuo 

56  Ligg.  intercuneif ormia  interossea 

57  LIGG.  TARSI  DORSALIA 

58  Lig.  talonaviculare  dorsale 

59  Lig.  cuneocuboideua  dorsale 

60  Lig.  cuboideonaviculare  dorsale 

61  Lig.  bifurcatum 

62  Pars  calcaneonavicularis 

63  Pars  calcaneocuboidea 

64  Lig.  calcaneonaviculare  dorsale 

65  Ligg.  navicularicuneiformia  dorsalia 

66  LIGG.  TARSI  PLANTARJA 

67  Lig.  plantare  longum 

68  Ligg.  tarsi  profunda 

69  Lig.  calcaneocuboideum  plantare 

70  Lig.  calcaneonaviculare  plantare 


SYNPESFOLOGY 


22. 


4 
5 


1  Fibrocartilago  navicularis 

2  Ligg.  ravicularicuneif ormia  plan- 

taria 

3  Lig.  cuboideonaviculare  plantare 
Ligg.  intercuneif ormia  plantaria 

Lig.  cuneocuboideum  plantare 


6  ARTICULATIONES  TARSOMETATARSEAE 

7  Capsulae  articulares 

8  Ligg.  tars ometa tar sea  dorsalis 

9  Ligg.  tarsometatarsea  plantaria 
10  Ligg.  cuneometatarsea  interossea 

11 

11     ARTICULATIONS   INTERMETATARSEAE 
12     Capsulae  articulares 


13  Ligg.  baaium  [^ose.  metatars.} 

interossea 

14  Ligg.  basium  foss.  metatars.J 

dorsa3.ia 

15  Ligg.  basium  i^es.  metatars.j 

plantaria 

16  Spatia  interossea  metatarsi 

17     ARTICULATIONES  METATARSOPHALAN- 
GEAE 

18  Capsulae  articulares 

19  Ligg.  collateralia 

20  Ligg.  atcccoria  clantaria 

21  Ligg.  capituiorvc  Toss,  metatars^ 

trans versa 

22  ARTICULATIONES  DIGITORUM  PEDIS 

23  Capsulae  articulares 

24  Ligg.  collateralia 


MYOtiOGY 


23, 


1     MYOLOGIA 


5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10- 
11 
12 
13 


15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 


30 


Musculus 

3  Caput 

4  Venter 

Musculus  fusiformis 
Musculus  unipennatue 
l/.usculus  bipennatus 
Kusculus  sphincter 
Musculus  orbicular is 
Musculus  articularie 
Musculus  ske3eti 
Musculus  cutaneus 
Tendo 


14  MUSCULI  DORSI 
US.  trapezius 
(M.  transversus  nuchae) 
M.  latissimus  doi  3i 
M.  rhomboideus  major 
M.  rhomboideus  minor 
M.  levator  scapulae 
M.  serratus  posterior  inferior 
M.  serratus  posterior  superior 
M.  splenius  cervicis 
M.  splenius  capitis 
M.  sacrospinalis 
M.  iliocostalis 

27  M.  iliocostalis  lumborum 

28  M.  iliocostalis  dorsi 

29  M.  iliocostalis  cervicis 
M,  longissimus 

31  M.  longissimus  dorsi 

32  M.  longissimus  cervicis 


33  Aponeurosis 

34  Perimysiua 

35  Fascia 

36  Fascia  superficialis 

37  Inscriptio  tendinea 

38  Arc us  tendineus 

39  Ligamentum  vaginale 

40  Vagina  fibrosa  tendinis 

41  Vagina  mucosa  tendinis 

42  Trochlea  rauscularis 

43  Bursa  mucosa 


44  M.  longissimus  capitie 

45  M.  spinalis 

46  M.  spinalis  dorsi 

47  M.  spinalis  cervicis 

48  M.  epinalis  capitis 
49  M.  semispinalis 

50  M,  eernispinalis  dorsi 

51  M.  semispinalis  cervicis 

52  M.  semispinalis  capitie 

53  M.  multifi'dus 

54  Mm.  rotatores 

55  Mm, rotatores  longi 

56  MEL  rotatores  breves 

57  Mm.  interspinales 

58  Mm.  intertransvarsarii 

59  Mm.  intertransversarii 

laterales 

60  Mm.  intertransversarii 

mediales 

61  Mm.  intertransversarii 

anteriores 

62  Mia.  intertransversarii 

posteriores 

63  M.  rectus  capitis  posterior 
major 


•  • 


iHOLOGY 


24. 


1  M.  rectus  capitis  posterior  minor 

2  M. rectus  capitis  lateralis 

3  M.  obliquus  capitis  superior 

4  M.  obliquus  capitis  inferior 

5  Fascia  lumbodorealis 

6  Fascia  nuchae 

7  MUSCULI  CAPITIS 

8  M.  epicranius 

9  9  M,  frontalis 

10  M.  occipitalis 

11  M.  procerus 
12  M.  Nasalis 

13  Pars  transversa 

14  Pars  alaris 
15  M.  depressor  septi 

'16  M.  Orbicularis  oculi 

17  Pars  palpebralis 

18  Pars  orbitalis         _ 

19  Pars  lacrima. is  ^Hornerir 

20  M.  auricularis  anterior 

21  M.  auricularis  superior 

22  M.  auricularis  posterior 

23  M.  orbicularis  oris 

24  M.  triangularis 

25  (M.  transversus  menti) 

26  M.  risorius 

27  M.  zygomaticua 

28  M.   quadratus  labii  superioris 

29  Caput  zygomaticum 

30  Caput  infrao^bitale 

31  Caput  angulare 

32  M.  quadratus  labii  inferioris 

33  M.   caninuc 

34  M.  buccinator 

35  Mm.  incisivi  labii  superioris 

36  Mm.  incisivi  labii  inferioris 

37  M.  mentalis 

38  M.  nasseter 

39  M.  temporalis 

40  M.  pterygoideus  externus 


41  M,  pterygoideus  internus 

42  Galea  aponeurotica 

43  Fascia  buccopharyngea 

44  Fascia  parot-ideoreassaterica 

45  Fascia  temporalis 

46     MUSCULI  OSS.  HYOIDEI 
47     M.  digastric us 

48  Venter  anterror 

49  Venter  posterior 

50  M.  stylohyoideus 

51  M.  mylobyc'itleua 

52  M.   geneihyoidaus 

53  MUSCULI  COLLI 

54  Platysma 

55  M.  sternocleidomastoideus 

56  M.  sternobyoideus 

57  M.  omohycidex;s 

58  Venter  superior 

59  Venter  inferior 

60  M.  sternothyrepideus 

61  M.  thyreohyoideus 

62  (M.  levator  gland ulae  thyreoideae) 

63  M.  longus  colli 

64  M.  lor.gus  capitia 

65  M.  rectus  capitis  anterior 

66  M.  scalenus  anterior 

67  M.  scalenus  medius 

68  M.  scalenus  posterior 

69  (M.  scalenus  ainicus) 

70  Fascia  colli 

71  Fascia  praarvertebralis 

72  MUSCULI  THORACIS 

73  (M.  sternalis) 

74  M.  pectoralis  raajor 

75  Pars  clavicularis 

76  Pars  sternocostalis 

77  Pars  abdorainalis 

78  M.  pectoralis  minor 

79  M.  subclaviue 


liYOLQGY 


25 


1  M.  serratus  anterior 

2  Mm.  levatores  costarum 

'3  Mm.  levatores  eostarura  longi 
^4-  Mm.  1''  ?vtores  costarum  breves 

5  Mm.  intercostales  extern! 

6  Mm.  intercostales  intern! 

7  Mm.  subcostales 

8  M.  transversus  thoracis 

9  Diaphragrca 

10  Para  lumbalis 

11  Crus  madiale 

12  Crus  in^ermedium 

13  Crus  lateral© 

14  Pars  costalis 

15  Pars  sternalis 
1:  Katus  aortic  us 

17  Hiatus  oesophageus 

18  Centrum  tendineum 

19  Foramen  venae  ca\a.e 

20  Arcus  lumbocostalis  medialis 

[Halleri] 

21  Arcus  lumbocostalis  lateralis 

£Hallerij 

22  Fascia  pectoralis 

23  Fascia  coracoclavicularis 

24-  MUSCULI  ABDOMINIS 

25  M.  rectus  abdominis 

26  Falx  aponeurotica  inguinalis 

27  M.  pyramidal is 

28  M.  obliquus  externus  abdominis 

29  M.  obliquus  internus  abdominis 

30  M.  crenaster 

31  M.  transversus  abdominis 

32  M.  quadratus  lumborum 

33  Annulus  umbilicalis* 

34  Linea  alba 

35  Adminiculum  lineae  albae 

36  Inscriptiones  tendineae 

37  Lig.  suspensorium  penis  s. 

clitoridis 

38  Lig.  fundiforme  penis 

39  Vagina  m.  recti  abdominis    « 

40  Linea  semicircularis  PDouglasij 


41  Lig.  inguira.le_[Pcupartii, 

42  Lig.  lacunaro  I  GimbernatiJ      . 

43  Lig.  inguinale  ref.lexum  £CollesiJ 

44  Annulus  inguinalis  subcutaneus 

45  Crus  superi.us 

46  Crus  inferiup 

47  Fibrae  intercrurales    - 

48  Trigonum  lu-nbale  Q;etitiJ 

49  Linea  ssrailuraris  inpigel 

50  Fascia  trexcTorseilis 

51  Canalip  ir.guinalia 

52  Annuluc  inguinalis  abdominalis  _ 

53  Lig.  interfoveolare  QlesselbachiJ 

54  Plica  epigsstrica 

55  Fovea  inguinalis  lateralis 

56  Fovea  inguinalis  medialis 

57  Fovea  suprave&icalis 

58     MUSCUTJ  COCCYGEI 

59  M.  coccygeus 

60  Li.  sacrococcygeus  anterior 

61  M.  sacrococcygeus  posterior 

62  MUSCULI  EXTREMITATIS  SUPERIORIS 

63  M.  deltoideus 

64  M.  supraspinatus 

65  M.  infraspinatus 

66  M.  teres  minor 

67  M.  teres  major 

68  M,  subscapularis 

69  M.  biceps  -a "~  chii 

70  Caput  longum 

71  Vagina  muoosa  intertubercularis 

72  Caput  brsve 

73  Lacertus  fjbrosus 
74  M.  coracobrachialis 

775  M.  brachialis 
76  M.  triceps  brachii 

77  Caput  longum 

78  Caput  laterale 

79  Caput  mediale 


. 


26. 


1  M.  anconaeus 

2  if" .'  epitrochleo'anconaeus) 

3  M,  pronator  teres 

4  Caput  hunerale 

5  Caput  ulnare 

6  M.  flexor  earpi  radialis 

7  M.  palmar  is  I'ongus 

8  M.  flexor  'sarpi  ulnarie 

9  Caput  humerale 
10  Caput  ulnars 
11  M.  flexor  digitorum  sublimis 

12  Caput  humor ale 

13  .Caput  radiale 

14  M.  flexor  digitorum  profundus 

15  M.  fl'exer  pollicis  longus 

16  M.  pronator  quadratus 

17  M.  branchioradialis 

18  M.  extensor  carpi  radialis  longus 

19  M.  extensor  carpi  radialis  brevis 

20  M.  extensor  digitoruta  communis 

21  Juncturae  tendinum 

extensor  digit!  quinti  proprius 
extensor  carpi  ulnaris 
supinator 

abductor  pollicis  longus 
extensor  pollicis  brevis 
extensor  pollicis  longus 
extensor  indicis  proprius 
palmaris  brevis 
abductor  pollicis  brevis 
flexor  pollicis  brevis 
opponens  pollicis 
adductor  pollicis 
abductor  digit!  quinti 
flexor  digiti  quinti  brevis 
opponens  digiti  quinti 

lumbricales 
.  interossei  dorsales 

Mm.  interossei  volares 

Fascia  axillaris 

Fascia  sub scapular is 


22 

M. 

23 

M. 

24 

M. 

25 

M. 

26 

M. 

27 

M. 

28 

M. 

29 

M. 

30 

M. 

31 

M. 

32 

M. 

33 

M. 

34 

M. 

35 

M. 

36 

M, 

37 

Mm 

38 

Mm, 

39 

Mm 

40 

Fas 

41 

Fat 

42  Fascia  supraspj na~ 

43  Fascia  irifraspinata 

44  Fascia  brachii 

.5  Septum  intermusculare 
mediale 

46  Septum  interrauceulare 

laterale 

47  Sulcus  bicipitalis  medialis 

48  Sulcus  bicipitalis  lateralis 

49  Fascia  antibrachii 

50  Fascia  dor sells  manus 

51  Lig.  carpi  dorsale 

52  .lipCfceurcv.v'.  palmar  is 

53  Fasciculi  transversi 

54  Lig.  carpi  transversum 

55  Lig.  carpi  velar 3 

56  Chiasma  tendinum 

57  Vincu3.um  tendinum 

58  Vaginae  musosae 

59  Ligg.  vaginalia  digitorum  manus 

60  Ligg.  annularia  digitorum  manus 

61  Ligg.  cruciata  digitorum  manus 

62  MUSCULI  EXTREMITATIS  INFERIORIS 

63  1^,  iliopcss 

64  M.  iliacus 

65  M.  psoas  major 

66  M.  psoas  minor 

67  M.  giutaeus  maximus 

68  M.  giutaeus  medius 

69  M.  giutaeus  minimus 

70  M.  tensor  fasciae  latae 

71  M.  pirifornis 

72  M.  obturator  internus 

73  M.  gemellus  superior 

74  M.  gemellus  inferior 

75  M.  quadratus . femoris 

76  M.  eartorius 

77  M.  quadriceps  femoris 

78  M.  rectus  femoris 

79  M.  vastus  lateralis 


MYOLOGY 


27. 


1  M.  vastus  intermedius 

2  M.  vastus  medialis 

3  M  ,  articularis  gtnu 

4  M.  pectineus 

5  M.  adductor  longus 

6  M.  gracilis 

7  M.  adductor  brevis 

8  M.  adductor  rcagnus 

9  M.  adductor  minimus 

10  M.  obturator  externus 

11  M.  biceps  femoris 

12  Caput  longum 

13  Caput  breva 

14  M.  seraite ndinosus 

15  M.  seciimembranosus 

16  M.  tibialis  anterior 

17  M.  extensor  digitorum  longus 

18  M.  peronaeus  tert.'.us 

19  M.  extensor  hallucis  longus 

20  M.  peronaeus  longus 

21  M.  peronaeus  brevis 

22  M.  triceps  surae 

23  M,  gastrocnemius 

24  Caput  laterals 

25  Caput  mediale 
26  M.  soleus 

27  Arcus  teniineus  m  solei  ^ 

28  Tendo  calcaneus  fAchillisj 

29  M.  plantaris 

30  M.  popliteus 

31  M.  tibialis  posterior 

32  M.  flexor  digitorum  longus 

33  M.  flexor  hallucis  longus 

34  M.  extensor  hallucis  brevis 

35  M.  extensor  cigitorura  brevis 

36  M.  abductor  hallucis 

37  M.  flexor  hallucis  brevis 

38  M.  adductor  hallucis 

39  Caput  obliquum 

40  Caput  transversum 

41  M.  abductor  digiti  quinti 

42  M.  flexor  digiti  quinti  brevis 

43  M.  opponens  digiti  quinti 


44  M.  flexor  digitorum  brevis 

45  li.  quadrat  us  plantae 

46  Mm.  lumbricales 

f."  Mm.  interossei  dorsales 

48  Mm.  interossei  plantares 

49  Fascia  lata 

50  Tractus  iliotibialis  llfeis 

51  Septum  interrnusculare  ^femorisf 

laterals     „     ^ 

52  Septum  intermusculare   yemoris] 

mediale   ,-     - " 

53  Canalis  adductorius  fHunterij 

54  Hiatus  tendineua  fadductoriusj 

55  Fascia  iliaca 

56  Fascia  iliopectinea 

57  Lacuna  musculorum 

58  Lacuna  vasorum   „  _ 

59  Trigonum  femorale  ^Fossa  Bcarpae  majorj 

60  Fossa  iliopsctinea 

61  Fascia  pectinea 

62  Canalis  femoralis 

63  Annul us  femoralis       - 

64  Septum  femorale  |*CloquetiJ 

65  Fossa  ovalis 

66  Margo  falciformis 

67  Cornu  superius 

68  Cornu  inferius 
69  Fascia  cribrosa 

70  Fascia  cruris 

71  Septum  intermusculare  anterius 

fibulare 

72  Septum  intermusculare  posterius 

fibulare 

73  Lig.  transversum  cruris 

74  Lig.  laciniatum 

75  Lig.  cruciatum  cruris 

76  Retinaculum  mm.  peronaeorum  sup. 

77  Retinaculum  mm.  peronaeorum  inferius 


L5YOLOGY 


28. 


Fascia  dorsalis  pedis 
2  Aponeurosis  plantaris 

3  Fasciculi  transversi 
aponeurosis  plantaris 


4  Vaginae  nucosae 

5  Ligg.  annularia 

6  Ligg,  vaginalia 

7  Ligg.  cruciata 


8     BURSAE       ET       VAGINAE       MUCOSAE 


9     Bursa  mucosa  subcutanea 

10  Bursa  mucosa  subnuscularis 

11  Bursa  mucosa  subfacialis 


12  Bursa  mueosa  subterdinea 

13  Vagina  mucosa  tendinis 


14  B.  musculi  trochlearis  37 

15  B.  m.  tensoris  veli  palatini 

16  B.  subcutanea  pr&ementalis  38 

17  B.  subcutanea  prorrdnentiae 

laryngeae  39 

13  B.  m.  sternohyoidei 

19  BR.m.  thyreohyoidei  40 

20  B.  subcutanea  sacralis 

21  B.  coccygea  41 

22  B.  subcutanea  acromialis 

23  B.  subacromialis  42 

24  B.  subdeltoidea 

25  3.  m.  ftorac'-'brachialis  43 

26  B.  in.  infraspinati  44 

27  B.  n.  subscapularis 

28  B.  m.  teretis  majoris  45 

29  B.  n.  latissimi  dorsi  46 

30  B.  subcutanea  olecrani  47 

31  B.  intratendinea  olecrani  48 

32  B.  subtendinea  olecrani    -.  _ 

33  B.  subcutanea  epicondylif  liumerij     49 

lateralis  ^  ..     50 

34  B.  subcutanea  epicondyli  ihumeri|     51 

medialis  52 

35  B.  bicpitoradialis  53 

36  B.  cubitalis  interossea  54 


Vagina  tendinum  mm.  abductoris  long! 
et  extent oris  brevis  pollicis 
Vagina  tendinum  mm.  extensorum  carpi 

radialiui 
Vagina  tendinis  m.  extensoris  pollicis 

longi 
Vagina  tendinum  mm.  extensorie  digi- 

torum  comraunis  et  extensoris  indicia 
Vagina  tendinis  m.  extensoris  digit! 

minimu 
Vagina  tendinis  m.  extensori  carpi 

ulnaris 

B.  m.  extensoris  carpi  radialis  brevis 
Bursae  subcutaneae  metacarpophalangeae 

dorsales 

Bursae  subcutaneae  digitorum  dorsales 
B.  m.  flexoris  carpi  ulnaris 
B.  a.  flexoris  carpi  radialis 
Vagina  tendinum  mm.  flexorum  com- 

munium 

Vag.  tendinis  m.  flexoris  pollicis  long! 
Bursae  intermetacarpophalangeae 
Vaginae  tendinum  digitales 
B.  trochanterica  subcutanea 
Bl  trochanterica  m.  glutaei  maxirai 
B.  troch.  m.  gluetei  medii  anterior 


L70LOGY 


29. 


1  B.  troch.  m.  glutaei  medii  posterior 

2  B.  troch.  m.  glutaei  minimi 

3  B.  m.  piriformis 

4  B.  m.  obturatoris  interni 

5  Bu.  sae  glutaeofemorales 

6  B.  ischiadica  m.  glutaei  maximi 

7  B.  n.  recti  feraoris 

8  B.  iliopectinea 

9  B.  iliaca  subtendinea 

10  B.  m.  pectinei 

11  B.  m.  bicipitis  fsmoris  superior 

12  B,  praepatellaris  oubcutanea 

13  B.  praepatellaris  subfascialis 

14  B.  praepatellaris  subtendinea 
15*  B.  supra patellaris 

16  B.  infrapatellaris  subcutanea 

17  B.  infrapatellaris  profunda 

18  B. .subcutanea  tuberositatis  tibiae 

19  B.  m.  sartorii  propria 

20  B.  anserina 

21  B.  m.  bicipitis  femoris  inferior 

22  B.  m.  poplitei 

23  B.  bicipitogastrocenemialis 

24  B.  m.  gastrocnemii  lateralis 


25  B.  m.  gastrocnemii  medialis 

26  B.  m.  semimembranosi 

27  B.  subcutanea  malleoli  lateralis 

28  B.  subcutanea  malleoli  medialis 

29  Vag.  tendinis  m.  tibialis  anterioris 
"0  Vag.  tendinis  ml  extensoris  hallucis 

longi 

31  Vaginae  tendinum  m.  extensoris  digi- 

torum  pedis  longi 

32  Vaginae  tendinum  m.  flexoris  digi- 

torum  pedis  longi 

33  Vag.  tendinis  m.  tibialis  pbsterioris 

34  Vag.  tendinis  m.  flexoris  hallucis 

longi 

35  Vag.  tandinum  mm.  peronaeorum 

communis 

36  Bursa  sinus  tarsi 

37  B.  subtendinea  m.  tibialis  anteriorie 

38  B.  subtondinea  m,  tibialis  posterioris 

39  B.  eubcutanea  calcanea 

40  B.  tendinis  calcanei 

41  Vag.  tendinis  m.  peronaei  longi 

plantaris 

42  Burase  intermetatarsophalangeae 

43  Bursae  mm.  lumbricalium  pedis 

44  Vaginae  tendinum  digitales  pedis 


. 


. 


. 


SPLAHCHNOLOGY 


30, 


1  SP1ANCHNOLOGIA 


2 

3 
4 
5 


11 
12 


29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 


37 
38 
39 


Tunica  albuginea 

unica  fibrosa 
Tunica  adventitia 
Tunica  mucosa 

6  Lamina  propria  raucosae 

Lamina  nuscularis  mucosae 

Tela  subnucosa 

Plica  mucosa 

Mucus 
Tunica  muscularis 
Tunica  eerosa 

13  Tela  sutserosa 

14  Plica  serosa 


ntuo  sm  rosum 


7 

8 

9 

10 


15   I 
3.6   Serum 
3  "  Epithelium 

18  Endothelium 

19  Organcn  parenchyrcatoouzn 

20  Parenchyrca 

21  Stroma 

22  Glandula 

23  Lob  us 

24  Lobulus 

25  Glandula  mucosa 

26  Musculus  viscerum 


27     APPARATUS       DIGESTORIUS 


28  CAVUM  ORIS 
Bucca 

Corpus  adiposum  buccae 
Vestibulum  oris 
Cavum  oris  proprium 
Rirca  oris 
Labia  oris 

35  Labium  euperius 

36  Labium  inferius 
Commissura  labiorum 
Angulus  oris 
Palatum 


40  Pala-tum  durum 

41  Palat'om  molle 
42  Raphe  palati 

43  Tunica  mucosa  oris 

44  Frenulum  labii  euperioris 

45  Frenulun  labii  inferioris 

46  Gingiva 

47  Caruncula  sublingualis 

48  Plica  sublingualis 

49  Plicae  palatinae  transversae 

50  Papilla  incisiva 


SPL/.NC:;NOLOGY 


31 


G3 

G: 


1  Glandulae  or is 
Gl.  labiales 
Gl.  buccales 
Gl.  molares 

palatinae 

linguales         _ 
Gl.  lingualis  anterior  ^Blandini  Nuhrr 
Gl.  sublingualis 
Ductus  sublingualis  irajor 
Ductus  sublinguales  rninores 
Gl.  submaxillaris    _ 
Ductus  eubmaxillaris  ^Whartonij 
Gl.  parotiB 

14  Processus  retronandibularis 
Gl.  parotis  accessor! 


18  Dentes 
19  Corona  dentis 

20  Tubercula  £ccronaej  dentis 

21  Collum  dentis 

22  Radix  Radices  dentis 

23  Apex  radicis  dentis 

24  Facies  masticatoria 

25  Facies  labialis  buccalis 

26  Facies  lingualis 

27  Facies  contactus 

28  Facies  medialis  1  dentium  incisivo- 

29  Facies  lateralis}  rum  et  caninorum 

30  Facies  anterior  \  dentium  praemola- 

31  Facies  posterior)  riura  et  molarium 

32  Cavum  dentis 

33  Pulpa  dentis 

34  Papilla  dentisx 

35  Canalis  radicis  dentis 

36  Foramen  apicis  dentis 

37  Substantia  eburnea 

38  Substantia  adamant ina 


39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 

52 

53 


55 
56 
57 
58 

60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
TO 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 

78 


Substantia  oesea 
Caualiculi  dentales 
Spatia  interglobularia 
Prisirata  adamantina 
Cuticula  dentis 
Periosteum  alveolare 
Arcus  dentalis  superior 
Arcus  dentalis  inferior 
Dentes  in^isivi 
Dentes  canini 
Dentes  prs enolares 
Rentes  molares 

51     Dens  serotinus 
Dentes  pernanentes 
Dentes  decidui 

54     Lingua 
Drosum  linguae 
Radix  linguae 
Corpus  linguae  ,_ 

Facies  inferior  £linguaej 

59 

Mar  go  lateralis 
Apex  linguae 
Tunica  mucosa  linguae 
Frenulum  linguae 
Papillae  linguales 
Papillae  filiformes 
Papillae  conicae 
Papillae  fungiformes 
Papillae  lenticulares 
Papillae  vallatae 
Papillae  foliatae 
Sulcus  medianus  linguae 
Sulcus  terminalis 
Foramen  caecum  linguae  (Morgagnii) 
(Ductus  lingualis) 
Ductus  thyreoglossusx 
Tonsilla  lingualie 

77  Folliculi  linguales 
Septum  linguae 


Plica  fimbriata 

f.  .    -^ 


SPl-ANCHNOLOGY 


32. 


1  Musculi  linguae 

2  M.  eenioglossus 

3  U,  hyuglossus 

4  M.  chondroglossus 

5  M.  styloglossus 

6  M.  longitudinalis  superior 

7  M.  longitudinalis  inferior 

8  M.  transversus  lingua© 
3  M.  verticalis  linguae 

10  Fauces 

11  Isthmus  faucium 

12  Velum  palatinum 

13  Uvula  palatina 

14  Arcus  palatini 

15  Arcus  gloss opalatinus 

16  Arcus  pharyngopalatinus 

17  Plica  salpingopalatina 

18  Tonsilla  palatina 

19  Fossulae  ton '.illares 

20  Sinus  tonsil laris 

21  Plica  triangularie 

22  Fossa  supratonsillaris 


'23  Musculi  palati  et  faucium 
24  M,  levator  veli  palatini 
M.  tensor  veli  palatini 
M.  uvulae 
M.  gloss opalatinus 


25 
26 
27 
28 


M.  pharyngopalatinus 


29  PHARYNX 

30  Cavum  pharyngis 

31  Fornix  pharyngis 

32  Pars  nasal is 

33  Pars   oralis 

34  Pars  laryngea 

35  Ostium  pharyngeuin  tubae 

36  Labium  anterius 

37  Labiura  posterius 

38  Torus  tubarius 

39  Plica  salpingopharyngea  - 

40  Recessus  pharyngeus   jjRosenmuelleriJ 


41  (Bursa  pharyngea) 

42  Reoes-jue  piriiormis 

43  M.  Gtylcpl-^irTOgfjua 

44  Frscia  pharyngobasilaris 

45  Tunica  mucosa 

46  Gl,  pharyngeae 

47  Tonsilla  phcryngea 

48  Fossulae  tonsillares 

49  Tela  subaucosa 

50  Tunica"  muscularis  pharyngis 

51  Raphe  pharyngis 

52  Raphe  pterygcirandibularis 

53  M,  constrictor  pharyngis  superior 

54  M.  pterygopharyngeus 

55  M.  buccopharyngeus 

56  M.  mylopharyngeus 

57  M.  g].os30pharyngeu8 

58  M.  ealpingcpharyngeus 

59  M.  ccnd'bclc'Ur  pharvngis  medius 

60  M.  chonaropharyngeus 

61  M,  ceratopharyngeus 

52  M.  constrictor  pharyngis  inferior 

63  M.  thyreopharyngeus 

64  M.  cricopharyngeus 

65  TUBUS  DIGSSTORIUS 

66  Oesophagus 

67  Pars  cervical is 

68  Pars  thoracalis 

69  Pars  abdominalis 

70  Tunica  adventitia 

71  Tunica  muBcularis 

72  M,  bronchooesophageus 

73  M.  pleurooesophageus 

74  Tela  submucosa 

75  Tunica  mucosa 

76    Lain,  muscularis  mucosae 
77     Gl*  pesophageae 

78     Ventriculus 
"""[paste  rj 

79  Paries  anterior 

80  Paries  posterior 


I 


. 


.  . 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


33. 


1  Curvatura  ventriculi  major 

2  Curvatura  ventriculi  minor 

3  C;  rdia 

4  Fundus  ventriculi 

5  Corpus  ventriculi 

6  Pylorus 

7  Pars  cardiaca 

8  Pars  pylorica 

9  (Antrum  cardiacun) 

10  Antrura  pyloricum 

11  Tunica  serosa 

12  Tunica  muscularis 

13  Stratum  longitudinals 

14  Ligg.  pylori 

15  Stratum  circulare 

16  M.  sphincter  pylori 

17  Fibrae  obliquae 

18  Valvula  pylori 

19  Tela  sybmucosa 

20  Tunica  muscosa 

21  Lam.  muscularis  mucosae 

22  Areae  gastricae 

23  Plicae  villosae 

24  Foveolae  gastricae   _      -, 

25  Gland ulae  gastricae  Ipropriaej 

26  Gland uiae  pyloricae 

27  Moduli  lymphatici  gaetrici 

28  Succus  gastricus 

29  Intestinum  tunue 

30  Tunica  serosa 

31  Tunica  muscularis 

32  Stratum  longi  budinale 

33  Stratum  circulare 

34  Tela  submucosa 

35  Tunica  mucosa 

36     Lam.  muscularis  mucosae 

37  Plicae  circulares   Qcerkringijl 

38  Villi  intestinales  .. 

39  Gl.   intestinales  ^Lieberkuehnij 

40  Noduli  lymphatici  solitarii   _  ^ 

41  Noduli  lymphatici  aggregati  fPeyeriJ 


42     Chymus 

42      Chylua 

44     Succus  enter icus 

^5     Duodenum 

46  Pars  uperior 

47  Pars  descendens 

48  Pars  inferior  - 

49  Pars  horizontalis  [inferior  J 

50  Pars  ascsr.clens 

51  Flexura  duodeni  superior 

52  Flexura  duodeni  inferior 

53  Flexura  duodenojejunalis 

54  M.  suspensoriua  duodeni 

55  Plica  longitudinal! s  duodeni 

56  Papilla  duodeni  jjTsantcrini| 

58  Intestinum  tenue 

mesenteriale. 

59  Intestinv-m  jejunum 

60  Intestinun  ileura 

61     Intestinum  crassum 

62  Inteeti  nuu  m     caecum 

63  Valvula  coli 

64  Labium  superius 

65  Labium  inferius 

66  Frenula  valvulae  coli 

67  Processus     vermi- 

form i  s 

68  (Valvula  proceesus  vermiformis) 

69  Noduli  aggregati  processus  vermifor* 

mis 

70  Colon 

71  Colon  ascendens 

72  Flexura  coli  dextra 

73  Colon  transversum 

74  Flexura  coli  sinistra 

75  Colon  descendens 

76  Colon  sigmoideum 

77  Plicae  semilunares  coli 

78  Haustra  coli 

79  Tunica  serosa 

80  Appendices  epiploicae 

81  Tunica  mus6ularis 

82  Taeniae  coli 


SPLANCHNOLOGY 


34. 


1  Taenia  mesocolica 

2  Taenia  omentalis 

3  Taenia  libera 

4  r  2.1&  submucosa 

5  Tunica  mucosa 

6     Lam.   muscularis  mucosae 

7  Gl.  intestinales   pLieberkuehnxj 

8  Noduli  3,-ymphavtici  ~solitarii 

9     Intestinum.  rectum 

10  Flexura  sacralis 

11  Flexura  perinealis 

12  Ampulla  recti 

13  Tunica  muscularis 

14  M.  sphincter  ani  internus 

15  M.  rectococcygeus 

16  Tela  submucosa 

17  Tunica  mucosa 

18  Lam.  m.  muccsae  _          — 

19  Gl.   intestinales  ILieberkuehniJ 

20  Noduli  lynphatici 

21  Plicae  transversales  recti 

22  Pare     anal  is     recti 

23  Columnae  rectales  fMorgagnifl 

26  Sinus  rectales 

25     Annul us  haeraorrhoidalis 

26     PANCREAS 

27  Caput  pancreatis         -  . 

28  Processus  uncinatus  tPancreas  \ 

jTWinslowi} 

29  Incisura  pancreatis 

30  Corpus  pancreatis 

31  Facies  anterior 

32  Facies-  posterior 

33  Facies  inferior 

34  Margo  superior 

35  Margo  anterior 

36  Margo  posterior 
37  Tuber  omentale 

38  Cauda  pancreatis    .       _ 

39  Ductus  pancreaticus  fWirsungi* 


40  Ductus  pancreaticus  accessorius 


41  (Pancreas  accossorium) 

42  Sucous  pancreaticus 

43  HEPAR 

44  Facies  Dupsri.br 

45  Facies  posterior 

46  Facies  inferior 

47  IJargo  anterior 

48  Incisura  umbilicalis 

49  Fossae  sagittales  dextrae 

50  Fossa  vesicae  felleae 

51  Fossa  venae  cavae 

52  Fossa  sagittalis  sinistra 

53  Fossa  venae  umbilicalis 

54  Fossa  ductus  venosi 

55  Tunica  cerosa 

56  Lig.  teres  hepatis 

57  Lig.  venosura  gArantin 

58  Porta  hepatis 

59  Lobus  hepatis  dexter 

60  Lobus  quadratus 

61  Lobus  caudatus 

62  Processus  papillaris 

63  Processus  caudatus 

64  Lobus  hepatis  sinister 

65  (Appendix  fibrosa  hepatis) 

66  Irnpressio  cardiaca 

67  Tuber  omentale 

68  Impressio  oesophagea 

69  Impressio  gastrica 
"70  Impressio  duodenalis 

71  Impressio  colica 

72  Impressio  renal  is 

73  Impressio  suprarenalis 

74  Lobuli  hepatis 

75  Capsula  fibrosa 

76  Kami  arteriosi  interlo^ujares 

77  Venae  interlobulares 

78  Venae  centrales 


. 


SPLAIJCHHCLOCY 


35. 


1  Ductus  biliferi 

2  Ductus  interlobulares 

3  Ductus  ftepaticus 

4  Vasa  aberrantia  hepatis 

5  Fel     Bills 

6  Vesica  fellea 

7  Fund us  vesicas  fellaea 
a  Corpus  vesicae  felleae 
9  Collum  vesicae  felleae 

10  Ductus  cysticus 

11  Tunica  serosa  vesicae  felleae 

12  Tunica  muscularis  vesicae  felleae 

13  Tunica  raucosa  vesicae  felleae 

14  Plicae  tun.  mucosae  v.  felleae  30 

15  Valvula  spiralis  £Heisteri")        31 

16  Ductue  choledochus 

17  Gl.  mucosae  biliosae  33 

34 


19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
?* 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
29 


•18     LIEN 

Facies  diaphragmatica 
Facies  rsnalis 
Facies   gastrica 
Sxtrenitas  superior 
Extrenitas  inferior 
Margo  posterior 
Mar go  anterior 
Hilus   lienis 
Tunica  eerosa .; 
Tunica  albuginea 
Trabeculae  lienis 
Trabeculae  lienis 
Pulpa  lienis 
Rami  lienales  {Tarteriae  lienalisj 

32     Penicilli"  -  .- 

Noduli  lumphatici  lienales  [_Malpighii.| 
(Lien  eccessorius) 


3S     APPARATUS       RESPIR^ATORIUS 


37 
38 
39 


42 
43 

44 
45 

46 

47 

48 

49 

50 

51 

52 

53 


36     CAVUM  NASI 
Hares 
Choejnae 
Septum  nasi 

40  Septum  cartilagineum 

41  Septum  oerabraraceuin 
Vestibulum  nasi 

Limen  nasi 

Sulcus  olfactorius 

(Concha  nasalis  suprena 


Concha  nasalis  superior 
Concha  nasalis  media 
Concha  nasalis  inferior 
Membrana  mucosa  nasi 
Plexus  cavernosi  concharum 
Agger  nasi 

Recessus  sphenoethmoidalis 
Meatus  nasi 

54  Meatus  nasi  superior 

55  Meatus  nasi  medius 


55  Atrium  meatus  medii 

57  Meatus  nasi  inferior 

58  Meatuc  nasi  communis 

59  Meatus  n&sopharyngeus 
•60  Regie  respiratcria 

61  Regio  olfactoria 

62  Gl.  olfactoriae 

63  Sinus  paranasales 

64  Sinus  raaxillaris 

65  Sinus  sphenoidalis 

66  Sinus  frontalis 
_67  Cellulae  ethmoidales 

68  Bulla  ethnoidalis 

69  Infundibvlum  ethmoidale 

70     Hiatus  semilunaris 
71     Gl.  nasalea 

72     NASUS  EXTERNUS 

73  Basis  nasi 

74  Radix  naei 


SPIANCHNOLOOY 


36. 


1  Dorsum  nasi 

2  Margo  nasi 

3  Apex  nasi 

4  Ala  nasi 

5  Septum  mobile  nasi 

6  S^rtilagines     nasi 

7  Cartilage  septi  nasi 

8  Processus  sphenoidalis  septi 

cartilaginsi 

9  Cartilago  nasi  lateralis 
10  Cartilago  alaris  major 

11  Crus  mediale 

12  Crus  late rale 
Cartilagines  alares  minores 
Cartilagines  sesanoideae  nasi  « 


1  a  r  y  n  g  i 


13 

15  Organon  vomeronasale  £jacobsonij 

16  Cartilago  vomeronasalis  jjacobsonij 

17  (Ductus  incisivus) 

18     LARYNX 

19  Prominent ia  Iaryng3a 

20  Cartilagines 

21  Cartilago  thyreoidea 

22  Lamina  £d extra  et  sinistraj 

23  Incisura  thyreoidea  superior 

24  Incisura  thyreoidea  inferior 

25  Tuberculum  thyreoideura  euperius 

26  Tuberculum  thyreoideum  inferius 

27  (Linea  obliqua) 

28  Cornu  superius 

29  Cornu  inferius 

30  (Foramen  thyreoideura) 

31  Lig.  hyothyreoideum  laterale 

32  Cartilago  triticea 

33  Lig.  hyothyreoideum  medium 

34  Meribrana  hyothyreoidea 

35  Cartilago  cricoidea 

36  Arcus  |*cartilaginis  cricoideaej 

37  Lamina  ("cartilaginis  cricoideael 

38  Facies  articularis  arytaenoidea 

39  Facies  articularis  tnyreoidea 


40  Articulatio  cricothyreoidea 

41  Capsula  articularis  cricothyreoidea 

42  Ligg.  ceratocricoidea  lateralia 

43  Lig.  ceratocricoideum  anterius 

44  Ligg.  csratocricoidea  posteriora 

45  Lig.  cricothyreoideum  fmediunfj 

46  Lig.  cricotracheale 

47  Cartilago  arytaenoidea 

48  Facies  jrticularis 

49  Basis  ^cartilaginis 

arytaenoideae} 

50  Crista  arcuata 

51  Collie  ul  us 

52  Fovea  oblonga 

53  Fovea  triangvlaris 

54  Apex  j^cartilaginisj 

arytaenoideae 

55  Processus  vocalis 

56  Processus  muscularis      ^ 

57  Cartilago  corniculata  ^Santorinij 

58  Synchondrosis  arycorniculata 
s  59  Articulatio  cricoarytaenoidea 

60  Lig.  cricopharyngeum 

61  Lig.  corniculopharyngeum 

62  Lig.  ventriculare 

63  Lig.  vocale 

64  (Cartilago  sesamoidea) 

65  Capsula  articularis 

cricoarytaenoidea 

66  Lig.  cricoarytaenoideuni  posterius 

67  Epiglottis 

68  Petiolus  epiglottidis 

69  Tuberculum  epiglotticum 

70  Cartilago  epiglottica 

71  Lig.  thyreoepiglotticum 

72  Lig.  hyoepiglotticum 

73  Cartilago  cuneif  ormis  {jffrisbergij. 

74  Tuberculum  cuneiformis  (Wrisbergii 

75  Tuberculum  corniculatum  * 

^SantoriniJ 

76  Musculi  laryngis 

77  M.  aryepiglotticue 

78  M.   cricothyreoideus 

79     Pars  recta 


SPIANCHNQL001 


37. 


1  Pars  obliqua 

2  M.  cricoarytaenoideus  posterior 

3  (M.  ceratocriccideus) 

4  M.  cricoarytaenoideus  lateralis 

5  Iv  ,  ventricularis 

6  M.  vocalis 

7  M.  thyreoepiglotticus  __ 

8  M.  thyreoarytaonoideus  |_externusj 

9  M.  arytaenoideus  obliquus 

10  M,  arytaenoideus  transversus 

11  Cayuin_  larynejs 

12  Vallecula  epiglottica 

13  Aditus  laryngis 

14  Veetibulum  laryngis 

15  Riraa  vestibuli 

16  Labium  vocale 

17  Glottis 

18  Rima  glottidis 

159  Pars  intermrmbranacea 

20  Pars  inter cartilaginea 
21  Ventriculus  laryngis  £MorgagniiJ 
22  Appendix  ventriculi  laryngis 

23  Tunica  mucosa  laryngis 

24  Membrana  elastica  laryngis 

25  Conus  elasticus 

26  Plica  glossoepiglottica  raediana 

27  Plica  glossoepiglottica  lateralis 

28  Plica  aryepiglottica 

29  Plica  nervi  laryngei 

30  Plica  ventricularis 

31  Plica  vocalis 

32  Macula  flava 

33  Aditus  glottidis  inferior 

34  Aditus  glottidis  superior 

35  Incisura  interarytaenoidea 

36  Gl.  laryngeae 

37  01.  laryngeae  anteriores 

38  Gl.  laryngeae  mediae 

39  Gl.  laryngeae  posteriores 
40  Noduli  lymphatici  laryngei 


41  TRACHEA  ET  BRONCHI 

42  Cartilagines  tracheales    ._ 

43  Ligg.  annularia  ftrachealiaj 

44  Paries  membranacea 

45  Gl.  tracheales 

**  Bifurcatio  tracheae 

47  Bronchus  ([dexter  et  sinisterj 

48  Rand  bronchialee 

49  Ramus  bronchialis  eparterialis 

50  Rami  bronchiales  hyparteriales 

51  Tunica  muscularis 

52  Tela  submucosa 

53  Tunica  mucosa 

54  Gl.  tracheales 

55  Gl. bronchiales 

56     PULMO 

57  Basis  pulmonis 

58  Apex  pulrt'onis 

59  Sulcus  subclavius 

60  Facies  costalis 

61  Facies  raediastinalis 

62  Facies  diaphragmatica 

63  Margo  anterior 

64  Margo  inferior 
63  Hilus  pulmonis 

66  Radix  pulmonis 

67  Incisura  cardiaca 

68  Lobus  superior 

69  Lobus  medius 

70  Lobus  inferior 

71  Incisura  interlobaris 

72  Lobuli  pulmonum 

73  Rami  bronchiales 

74  Bronchioli 

75  Bronchioli  respiratorii 

76  Ductuli  alveolares 

77  Alveoli  pulrnonura 

78  Lymphoglandulae  bronchiales 

79  Noduli  lyraphatici  bronchiales 

80  Lymphoglandulae  pulmonales 


.    - 


• 


3PLANCHNCLOGY 


38. 


1      CAVUK  TKORACIS 

2  Fascia  endothoracica 

3  Cavua     pleurae 

4  F  Leura 

5  Cupula  pleurae 

6  Pleura  pulmcnalis 

7  Pleura  parie tails 

3  Pleura  mediastinalis 

9  Laminae  mediastinales 
10  Pleura  pericardiaca 

11  Pleura  costalis 

12  Pleura  diaphragnatica 
13  Sinus  pleurae 

14  Sinus  phrenicocostalis 

15  Sinus  ccstonediastinalis 
15  Lig.  pulmonale 

17  Plicae  adiposae 

18  Villi  pleurales 

19  Septum  mediastinale 


20  Cavum  mediastinale  anterius 

21  Cs.vum  mediastinale  posterius 

22  GL.  THYREOIDEA 

23  Isthmus  gl,  thyrebideae 

i  *  (Lob us  pyramidalis ) 

25  Lobus  £dexter  3t  sinisterj 

26  Lobuli  gl.  thyreoideae 

27  Stroma  gl.  thyreoideae 

28  (Gl.  thyreoideae  accessoriae) 

29  (Gl.  thyreoidea  access oria  supra- 
hyoidca) 

30  GLOMUS  CAROTICUM 


^ 


31     THYIJUS 

32  Lobus  j[dexter  et  einisterj 

33  Tractus   centralis 

34  Lobuli  thyaii 


35       APPARATUS 
36     ORGANA  UROPOETICA 

dV     Ren 

38  fergo  lateralis 

39  Margo  medialis 

40  Hilus  renal is 

41  Sinus  renalis 

42  Facies  anterior 

43  Facies  posterior 

44  Extreiaitas  superior 

45  Extremitas  inferior 

46  (Irapressio  muscularis) 

47  (linpressio  hepatica) 

48  (Irapressio   gastrica) 

49  Capsula  adiposa 

50  Tunica  fibrosa 
51-  Tunica  muscularis 
52  Tubuli  renales 

53     Tubuli  renales  contort! 


UROGENITALIS 

54     Tubuli  renales  recti 

55  Substantia  cor-oicalis 

56  Substantia  medullaris 

57  Lobi  renalss 

58  Pyr£3G3.-des  renales 
5S  Basis  pyramidis 

60  Papillae  reiiales 

61  Area  cribrosa 

62  Foramina  papillaria 

63  Colunu^ae  renales 

64  Lobuli  corticales  -^ 

65  Pars  radiata  jProcessus  Ferreinij 

66  Pars  convoluta      « 

67  Corpuscula  renis  TMalpighiil 

68  Glocorula.- 

69     otipusla  glorneruli 

70  Pelvis     renalis 

71  Calyces  renales 


SPLANOHNOLOGY 


39, 


1  Calyces  renales  majores 
.3  Calyces  renales  minores 
3  Gl.  pelvis  renalis 

4  Arteriae  renis 
5  Aa.  interlobarec  ronis 
•5  Arteriae  arciformes 
7  Arteriae  interlobulares 

8  Vas  afferens 

9  Vas  efferens 
It     Rarai  capsulares 

11  Arteriolae  rectee 

12  Aa.  nutriciae  pelvis  renalis 

13     Venae  renis 
14     Vv.  interlobares 

15  Venae  arciformes 

16  Venae  interlobulares 

17  Venae  interlobulares 

18  Venae  stellatae 

19  URETER 

20  Pars  abdominalis 

21  Pars  pelvina 

22  Tunica  adventitia 

23  Tunica  muscularis 

24  Stratum  externurn 

25  Stratum  medium 

26  Stratum  inter nura 

27  Tunica  mucosa 

28  Gl.  mucosae  ureter is 

29  VESICA  URINARIA 

30  Vertex  vesicae 

31  Corpus  vesicae 

32  Fund us  vesicae 

33  Lig.  umbilicale  medium 

34  Urachusx 

35  Tunica  serosa 

36  Tunica  muscularis 

37  Stratum  externura 


38  Stratum  medium 

39  Stratum  internum 

40  11.  pubovesicalis 

41  M.  rectovesicalis 

42  Tela  submucosa 
to  Tunica  mucosa 

44  Gl.  VRsicales 

45  Noduli  lymphp.tici^vesicales 

46  Trigonua  vesicae  (.LieutaudiJ 

47  Uvuala  vesicae 

48  Plica  ureterica 

49  Orificium  ureteris 

50  Orificiura  urethrae  internum 

51  Annulus  urethralis 

52  GLANDULA  SUPR&RENALIS 

53  Substantia  corticalis 

54  Substantia  nedullarifi 

55  Hilus  gl.  suprarenalis 

56  Facies  anterior 

57  Facies  posterior 

58  Basis   gl .  suprarenalis  -» 

59  Apex  suprarenalis  Tgl.  dextrae^ 

60  hfargo  superior 

61  Margo  medialis 

62  Vena  centralis 

63  (Cl.  suprarenales  accessoriae) 

64     ORGANA  CENITALIA 
65     ORGANA  GENITALIA  VIRILIA 

66     Testis 

67  Extremitas  superior 

68  Extremitas  inferior 

69  Facies  lateralis 

70  Facies  medialis 

71  Margo  anterior 

72  Margo  posterior 

73  Tunica  albuginea  _  ^ 

74  Mediastinum  testi  J.Corpus  HighmoriJ 

75  Septula  testis 


i 

:    • 


SPLANCLNOLOGY 


40 


1  Lobuli  testis 

2  Parenchyma  testis 

3  Tubuli  seminiferi  cohtorti 

4  Tubuli  seminiferi  recti 

5  Tunica  prcpria 

5  Rate  testis  ^Haltler 

7  Ductuli_ef ferentes  testis 

8  Sperca  |~ Semen) 

9  E  p  i  d  i  1  y~m  :.  s 

10  Caput  epididymidis 

11  Corpus  epxdidyrrj.tfis 

12  Cauda  epididycidis 

13  Lobuli  epididymidis 

14  Ductus  e'j.ididymidio 

15  Ductuli  aberrantes 

15  (Ductulus  aberrans  superior) 
17  Appendices  testis 

18  Appendix  testis  JU/IorgagniiJ 

19  (Appendix  epirtidymisj 
20     Paradidym'is 

21...  D-uctus     deferens 
22     Ampulla  ductus  deferent is 

£3     Div6r.-io.ulr.'1 .ampullae 

24  Tunica  adventitia 

25  Tunica  nuscularis 

26  Stratum  externum 

27  Stratum  medium 

28  Stratun  internum 
29  Tunica  mucosa 

30  Ductus  e jaculatprius 

31  Vesicula  seminalis 

32  Corpus  vesiculae  seminalis 

33  Tunica  adventitia 

34  Tunica  muscularis 

35  Tunica  mucosa 

36  Ductus  excretorius 

37     Funiculus  sperraaticus  et  tunicae 

testis  et  funiculi  sprenatici 
38     (Rudimentum  processus  vaginalis) 


39  Tunica  vaginalis  propria  testie 
40  LaniirK.  parietalia 
4-1  Lamina  visceral  is 

42  Lig.  epididymidis  superius 

43  Lig.  epididymidis  inferius 

44  Sinus  epididymidis 

45  Tunica  vaginalis  communes 

et  funiculi  spermaticil 

46  M.  crenaster 

47  Fascia  cremasterica 

48  Descensus  testis*          . 

49  Gubernaculum  testis  feunterajx 

50  Proatata 

51  Basis  prostatae 

52  Apex  prcstatae 

53  Facies  anterior 

54  Faciea  posterior       _ 

55  Lobus  |_"ciert9r  et  sinisterj 

56  Isthmue'  prostatae 

57     (Lobus  rcedius) 
58     Corpus  glandulare 

60  Succus  p-rostaticus 

61  M.  prostTttisus 


62  Glandule,  bulbourethralis 

63  Corpus  gl«  bulbourethralis 

64  Ductus  excretorius 


65     PARIES  OENITALES  EXTERNAE 

66     PENIS 

67  Radix  psnis 

68  Corpus  penis 

69  Crus  penis 

70  Dorsum  penis 

71  Facies  urethralis 

72  Glans  psnis 

73  Corona  glandis 

74  Septuia  glandis 

75  Collum  glandis 


•- 


. 


SPLANCflNGLOGY 


41. 


1 
2 
3 

A. 

5 

c. 


10 

11 

12 

13 

-4 

15. 

16 

17 

18 


20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 


Praeputium 

Frenulum  praeputii 

Raphe  penis 

Corpus  cavernosum  penis 

Corpus  cavernosura  urethras 

Bulb us  urethrae 

7  Hemisphaeria  bulbi  urethrae 
3  Septum  bulbi  urethrae 

Tunica  albuginea  corporum  caverno- 
dorurn 

Septum  penis 

Trabeculae  corporum  cavernosorum 

Cr,-ernae  corporum  cavernosorun 

Arteriae  helicinae 

Venae  cavernosae 

Lig.  suspensorium  penis 

Fascia  penis 

Gl.  praeputiales 

Smegma  praeputii 

19     URETHRA  VIRILIS 
P  3  r  s     prostatica 
Crista  urethralis 
Colliculus  seminalis 
Utriculus  prostaticua 
Pars     membranacea 
P^a  rs     cavernosa 


it"  K  .. 


Rossa  navicularis  urethrae 
£Morgagni:Q 

27  (Valvula  fossae  navicularie) 

28  Orificium  urethrae  externum 

29  Lacunae  urethra^les  j^Morgagniil 

30  Gl.  urethrales  fLittreiJ 

31     SCROTUM 

32  Raphe  scroti 

33  Septum  scroti 

34  Tunica  dartos 

35  ORGANA  GENTTALIA  MULIEBRIA 

36  Qvarium 

37  Hilus  ovarii 

38  Facies  medialie 


41  Iviargo  raesovaricus 

42  Extremitas  tubaria 

43  Extremitas  uterina 

44  Stroma  ovarii 

45  Folliculi  oophori  priraarii   ^     <•» 

46  Folliculi  cophori  vesiculosi  jGraafij 

47  Theca  folliculi 

48  Tunica  externa 

49  Tunica  interna 

50  Liquor  folliculi 

51  Stratum  granulosum 

52  Cumulus  oophorus 

53  Ovulum 

54  Corpus  luteun 

55  Corpus  albicans 

56  Lig.  ovarii  proprium 


58 
59 

60 

62 
63 

64 
65 
66 
67 
68 


71 
72 
73 


57  Tuba  uterina 


Ostium  abdominale  tubae  uterinae 
Infundibulum  tubae  uterinae 
Fimbriae  tubae 

61  Fimbria  ovarica 
Ampulla  tubae  uterinae 
Isthmus  tubae  utSrinae 
Pars  uterina 
Ostium  uterinum  tubae 
Tunica  serosa 
Tunica  adventitia 
Tunica  .mucculuris 

69  Stratum  longitudinale 

70  Stratum  circulars 
Tela  eubmucosa 
Tunica  muscosa 
Plicae  tubariae 

74  Plicae  ampullares 

75  Plicae  isthmicae 


76     UEerus 
77     Corpus  uteri 


SPLANCIiNOLOGY 


42. 


1  Fundus  uteri 

2  Mar go  late rails 

3  Fades  vesicalis 

4  Facies  intestinalis 

5  Cavuro  uteri 

5  Orificium  internum  uteri 

7  Cervix  uteri        ^ 

8  Portio  supre^vaginalis  l^cervicisj 

9  Portio  vaginalis  £cervicisj 
10  Orificium  externum  uteri 

11  Labium  anterius 

12  Labiun  posterius 

13  Canalis  cervicis  uteri 

14  Plicae  palioatae  _ 

15  Gl.  cervicales  j~uterij 

15  PJStv.t-'vrium    ^         — 

17  Tunica  serosa  {^Perimetriuia  \ 

18  Tunica  muscularis 

19  Tunica  muscularis  cervicis 

20  Tunica  mucosa 

21  Gl.  uterinaS 

22  M.  rectouterinus 

23  Lig.  teres  uteri 

24  (Processus  vaginalis  peritonaei) 

25  Vagina 

26  Fornix  vaginae 

27  Paries  anterior 

28  Paries  posterior 

29  Hymen     femininus 

30  Carunculae  hymenales 

31  Tunica  muscularis 

32  Tunica  mucosa 

33  Noduli  lypphatici  vaginales 

34  Rugae  vagina les 

35  Oolumnae  rugarum 

36  Colucma  rugarum  posterior 

37  Columna  rugarum  anterior 

38  Carina  urethralis  Pvaginaej 

39     Epoophoron 

40     Ductus  epoophori  longitudinalis 
FGartneri'1 


41     Ductuli  transversx,  -i 

42     Appendices  vesiculosi  ^MorgagniiJ 

43     Pe.ronphoron 

44     PARTES  GSNITAL3S  EXTERNAE 

45  Pudendum  muliebre 

46  Labiuni  naijus  pudendi 

47  Commissura  labsorum  anterior 

48  Commissura  labiorum  posterior 

49  Frenulum  labiorum  pudendi 

50  Rima  pudendi      —  -i 

51  Fossa  navicularis  \^vestibuli  vaginae  j. 

52  Labiuni  minus  pudendi 

53  Vestibulum  vaginae 

54  Bulbus  vestibuli 

55  Gl.  sebaceae 

56  Gl,  vestibulares  minores 

57  Orificiuc  vaginae 

58     Gl .   vestjbularia  major  LBartholini] 

59     CLITORIS 

60  Crus  clitoridis 

61  Corpus  clitoridis 

62  Gltnoialitoridio:';  s 

63  Fronulura  clitoridia 

64  Praeputium  clitoridis 

65  Smegma  clitoridis 

66  Corpus  cavernosum  clitoridis 

67  Septum  corporuza  cavernosorum 

68  Fascia  clitoridia 

69  Lig.  suspensorium  vlitoridis 

70  URETHRA  ivIULIEBRIS 

71  Orificium  urethras  externum 

72  Corpus  spongiosum  urethrae 

73  Tunica  muscularis 

74  Stratum  circulars 

75  Stratum  longitudinals 

76  Tunica  submucosa 

77  Tunica  mucoea 


SPLANCHNCLOGY 


43.. 


1  Gl.  urethrales 

2  Crista  urethralis 

3  (Ductus  paraurethrale??) 

4  Termini     ontogenetic-i 

5  Morabranae   deciduaex 

6  Decidua  verax 

7  Decidua  car/sularisx 

8  Decidua  t:s.eajLiax 
9     Placentax 

10  Placenta  uterinax 

11  Placenta  foetalisx 

12  Funiculus  umbilicalis* 

13  Corpus  ~.7olffix 

14  Ductus  Wolffix 

15  Ductus  Muellerix 

16  Sinus  urogenitalisx 

17     PERINEUM 

18  Raphe  perinei 

19  Musculi     perinei 

20  Diaphragma     pelvis 

21  M.  levator  ani 

22     Arc us  tendineus  K.  levatoris  ani 

23  M.  coccygeus  Jjride  p.  25J 

24  M.  sphincter  ani  externus 

25     Lig.  anococcygeuffi 
26     Fascia  pelvis 

27  Fascia  endopelvina 

28  Fascia  diaphragmatis  pelvis 

superior 

29  Arcus  tendineus  fasciae  pelvis 

30  Lig.   puboprostaticum 

Ppubovesicale j  medium 

31  ^ig.  puboprostaticum 

|pubovesicale3  laterale 

32  Fascia  diaphragnatis  polvis  inverior 

33  Diaphragma 

urogenitale 

34  M.  transversus  perinei  profundus 

35  M.  sphincter  urethrae  membranaceae 

36  Fascia  diaphragmatis  urogenitalis 

superior 

37  Fascia  diaphragmatis  urogonitalis 

inferior 


38  Lig.  transversum  pelvis 

39  Fascia  prostatae 

40  Fascia  obturatoria 

41  Fossa  ischiorectalis 

42  U.  transversus  perinei 

superficialis 

43  M.  iscbiocavernosus 

44  M.  bulbocaverncsus 

45  Fascia  superficialis  perinei 

46  PERITONAEUM 

47  Tunica  serosa 

48  Tela  subserosa 

49  Peritonaeum  parietale 

50  Peritonaeum  viscerale 

51  Cavum  peritonaei 

52  Mesenterium  conmunex 

53  Meeenterium 

54  Radix  mesenterii 
56  Mesocolon 

57  Mesocolon  transversum 

58  Mesocolon  ascendens 

59  Mesocolon  descendens 

60  Mesocolon  sigmoideum 

61  Mes ore c turn 

62  Jfesenteriolum  processus 

vermif onnis 

63  Mesogastriumx 

64  Oinentum  minus 

65  Lig.  hepatogastricum 

66  Lig.  hepatoduodenale 

67  (Lig.  hepatocolicum) 

68  Lig.  gastrolienale 

69  Lig.  gastrocolicuin 

70  Gmentum  aajus 

71  Bursa  omentalis 

72  Vestibulum  bursae  omentalis 

73  Resessus  superior  omentalis 

74  Recessus  inferior  omentalis 

75  Recessus  lienalis 

76  Plica  ^istropancreatica     ^ 

77  Foramen  ipiploicum  ^Wirislowi] 


• 


GPLANCHNOLOGY 


44. 


1  Lig.  phrenicocolicum 

2  Lig.  phrenicolienale 

3  Lig.  falciforme  hepatis 

4  Lig.  coronariurn  hepatia 

5  Lig.  triangulare  dextrum 

6  Lig.  triangulare  sini strum 

7  Lig.  he.patorer.al9 

8  (Lig.  ducdenorsnale) 

9  RecesGus  duodeno  je  junalis 

10  Plica  duodeno jejuna! is 

11  (Plica  duodenornesocolica) 

12  Recessus  inters igmcide us 

13  Recessus  iliocaecalis  superior 

14  Recessus  iliocaecallis  inferior 

15  Plica  iliocaecalis 

16  Fossa  caecalis 

17  Recessus  retrocaecalis 

18  Plica  caecalis 

19  Recessus  paracolici 

20  (Fossa  iliacosubfascialie) 


21  (Recessus  phrenicohepatici) 

22  P3.i-:a  umbilical  is  media 

23  Plica  unbilicalis  lateralis 

24  Plica  epigastrica 

25  Plica  pubovesicalis 

26  Plica  vesicalis  transversa 

27  Mesorchiumx 

28  Erccessus  vaginalis  peritonaeix 

29  Lig.  lattua  uteri 

30  Me  s  one  "tri  urn 

31  Meoosalpinx 

32  Mesovariurs 

33  Bursa  ovarica 

34  Lig.  susper.sorium  ovarii 

35  Plica  rectoutorina  (bouglasij 

36  Excavatio  rectouterina 


37  Excavatio  vesicouterina 
33  Excavatio  rectovesicalis 
39  Spatium  rstroperitonaeale 


.-       ! 


ALirnOJ.OGY 


45. 


1     ANGIOLOGIA 


2  Vas  collaterals 

3  Vas  anastomoticurn 

4  Ramus  communicans 

5  Plexus  vasculosus 

6  Rete  vasculosun 

7  Rete  oirabile 

8  Arteria 

9  Arteriola 

10  Vena 

11  Vena  cutanea 

12  Vena  comitans 

13  Venula 

14  Plexus  venosus 

15  Rete  venosun 

16  Sinus  {Venosust 


17  Enicsariua 

18  Corpus  cavernosum 

19  Ves  capillara 

20  Vas  lyinphaticum 

21  Plexus  isytnplnticus 

22  Lyrpho  glanc  v.la 

23  Noduius  lymphaticus 

24  Cisterns.  n 

25  Tunica  externa  j*adventitia| 


26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


32     COR 


33  Basis  cordis  49 

34  Facies  sternocostalis 

35  Facies  diaphran^riatica 

36  Apex  cordis 

37  Incisura  £apicis~]  cordis  52 

38  Sulcus  longitudinal is  anterior  53 

39  Sulcus  longitudinalis  posterior  54 

40  Sulcus  coronarius 

41  Pericardium  56 

42  Liquor  pericardii  57 

43  Ligg.  sternopericardiaca  58 

44  Sinus  transversus  pericardii  59 
45ri  Epicardium  60 

46  Myocardium  61 

47  Endocardium  62 

48  Ventriculus  cordis  63 


Tunica  media 
Tunica  intim«i 
Vasa  va&orum 
Vagina  vatsorum 
Sanguis 
Lympha 


Septum  ventriculorum 

50  Septum  musculare  ventriculorum 

51  Septum  membranaceum  ventricu- 

lorum 

Atrium  cordis 
Auricula  cordis 
Septum  atriorum 

55  Pars  membranacea  septi  atriorum 
Ostium  venosum 
Ostium  arteriosum 
Trabeculae  carneae 
Vortex  cordia 
Mm.  papillares 
Chordae  tendineae 
Trigona  fibrosa 
Annuli  fibrosi 


AETIOLOGY 


46. 


22 

3 

4 


10 


1     ATRIUM  DEXTRUM 
Mm.  pectinati 

Sulcus  terminalis  atrii  dexti 
Crista  -berrainalis 

5  Sinus  venarum  j^cavarum, 

6  Limbus  fossae  ovalis 

7  Auricula  dextra 

8  Tuberculum  intervenosun  QjoweriJ 

9  Valvula  verae  cavae  f  inferioris, 

EustachiiJ 
Fossa  ovalis 


14 


18 
19 


r 

11  Valvula  sinus  coronarii  j^Thebesii] 

12  Foramina  verarum  miniirarum 


13  VEMTRICULUS  DEXTER 
Valvula  trieuspidalis 

15  Cuspis  anterior 

16  Cuspis  posterior 

17  Cuspis  medial  is 
Crista  superaventricularis 
Conus  arteriosus 


20     Valvulae  semilunares  a.  pulmonalis 

21  Valvula  serailunaris  anterior 

22  Valvula  semilunaris  dextra 

23  Vaivuia  semilunaris  sinistra 

24  Moduli  valvularum  semilunariuin 

25  Lunu?.ae  valvularum  semilunarium 

26     ATRIUM  SINISTRUM 

27  Auricula  sinistra 

28  Valvula  forascinis  ovalis 

29     VENTRICULUS   SINISTER 
30     Valvula  bicvspidalis  Ijnitralisj 

31  Cuspis  anterior 

32  Cuspis  posterior 

33  Valvulae  semilunares  aortae 

3S  Valvula  semilunaris  posterior 

35  Valvula  semilunaris  dextra 

36  Valvula  semilunaris  sinistra 
37     Noduli     alvular.um  semilunarium 


38     Lunulae  valvularum  semilunarium 


39       ARTERIAE 


40     A.  PULMONALIS 

41  Ramus  dexter 

42  Ramus  sinister    ^     ^ 

43  Ductus  arteriosus  ^Botalli|x 

44  Ligamentum  arteriosum 

45  A6RTA 

46  Aorta  ascendens 

47  Bulbus  aortae-        .. 

48  Sinus  aortae  jjfalsalvaej 

49  Arcus  aortae 

50  Isthmus  aortae 

51  Aorta  descendens 

52  A.  coronaria  fcordis]  dextra 

53  Ramus  descendens  posterior 


54  A.  coronaria  ^cordisj  sinistra 

55  Ramus  circumflexus 

56  Ramus  descendens  anterior 

57  A.  AHONYMA 
58  (A.  thyreoidea  ima) 

59  A.  CAROTIS  COIMJNIS 

60  A.   CAROTIS  EXTERNA 
61     A.  thyreoidea  superior 

62  Ramus  hyoideus 

63  Ramus  sternocleidonastoideus 

64  A.  laryngea  superior 

65  Ramue  circothyreoideus 


AIIGTOL05Y 


47. 


_     Ramus  anterior 
£     Raraus  posterior 
3     Rarni  glandulares 

4-     A.  pharynzea  aseendens 

5  A.  meningea  posterior 

6  Rand,  pharyngei 

7  A.  tympanica  inferior 

8     A,  lingual is 
9     Raraus  hyoideus 

10  A.  sublingualis 

11  Kami  dorsales  linguae 

12  A.  profunda  linguae 

13     A.  rraxillaris  externa 

14  A.  palatina  aseendens 

15  Ramus  tonsillaris 

16  A.  submentalis 

17  Rani  glandulares 

18  A.  labialis  inferior 

19  A.  labialis  superior 

20  A.  angularis 

21  A.  sternocleidogastoidea 

22  A.  occipi tails 
23  Ramus  mastoideus 
24-  Raraus  auricularis 
25  Rami  musculares 

26  Ramus  descendens 
27  (Ramus  meningeus) 
?.r  Rani  occipitales 

29  A>  auricularis  posterior 
30  A.  stylomastoidea 

31  A.  tympanica  posterior 

32  Kami  castoidei 

33  Ramus  stapedius 

34  Ramus  auricularis 

35  Ramus  occipitalis 

36  _A.  temporalis  superficialis 
37     Rami  parotidei 


38  A.  transversa  faciei 

39  Rarai  auricular es  anteriores 

40  A.  zygonxi-fcicoorbitalis 

41  A.  tawpjraiis  media 

42  Rarnua   frontal  is 

43  Ranus  parietalis 

44  A.  rosxillaris  interna 

45  A.  auricularis  profunda 

46  A.  tjropanioa  anterior 

47  A.  alveolaris  inferior 

48  R.  mylohyoideus 

49  A.  inentalie 

50  A.  merdngea  media 

51  (Ramus  rneningous  accessoriue) 

52  Ratnns  petrosus  superficialis 

53  A.  tympanica  superior 

54  A.  n&Gseterica 

55  A.  temporalis  profunda  posterior 

56  A.  tempoi'alis  profunda  anterior 

57  Rami  pterygoidei 

58  A,  buccinatoria 

59  A.  alveolaris  superior  posterior 

60  A.  infraorbitalis 

61     Aa,  alveol.  superiores  anteriores 

62  A.  palatina  descendens 

63  A.  canalis  pterygoidei 

64  A.  palatina  major 

65  Aa.  palatinae  ininores 

66  A.  sphenopalatina 

67  Aa.  nasales  posteriores  laterales  et 

septi 

68  A.  CAROTIS  INTERNA 
69  Ramus  caroticotympanicus 

70  A_._.ojg)ithe.lmica 

71  A.  centralis  retinae 

72  A.  lacrimalis 

73  Aa.  palpebrales  laterales 

74  Rami  musculares 

75  Aa.  ciliares  posteriores  breves 

76  Aa.  ciliares  posterioree  longae 


. 


ANGIOLCGY 


48, 


1  Aa.  ciliares  anteriores 

2  Aa  .  conjunctivales  anteriores 

3  Aa.  conjunctivales  posteriores 

4  Aa.  episclerales 

5  A.  supraorbitalis 

5  A.  ethnoidalis  posterior 

7  A.  ethraoidalis  anterior 

8  A.  meningea  anterior 

9  Aa.  palpebrales  mediales 

10  Arcus  tareus  superior 

11  Arcus  tarseus  inferior 

12  A.  Irontalis 

13  A.  dorsalis  nasi 

14  Aa.  cerebri 

15  A.  communicans  posterior 

16'  A.  chorioidea 

17  A.  cerebri  anterior 

18  A.  communicans  anterior 

19  A.  cerebri  media 

20  A.  SUBCLAVIA 

21  A.  vertebralis 

22  Rami  spinales 

23  A.  spinal  is  posterior 

24  A.  spinalis  anterior 

25  Ramus  meningeus 

26  A.  cerebelli  inferior  posterior 


27  A.  basilaris 
A.  cerebelli  inferior  anterior 
A.  auditiva  interna 
Rami  ad  pontem 
A.  cerebelli  superior 
A.  cerebri  posterior 
Circulus  artcriosus 


28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 


34  A.  mammaria  interna 

35  Aa.  mediastinales  anteriores 

36  Aa.  thymicae 


37  Rarai  bronchiales 

38  A.  pericardiacophrenica 

39  Rami  sternales 

40  Rani  perforantes 

41  Rami  inanimarii 

42  Rami  musculares 

43  Rarai  cutanei 

44  (Ramus  costalis  lateralis) 

45  Rami  intercostales 

46  A.  inusculoplirenica 

47  A.  epigastrica  superior 

48  Truncus  thyreQcervicalis 

49  A._ thyreoidea  inferior 

50  A.  laryngea  inferior 

51  Rami  pharyngei 

52  Rami  oesophagei 

53  Rami  trachealee 

54  Rami  glandulares 

55  A.  cervicalis  ascendens 

56  Rami  spinales 

57  Rami  musculares 

58  Ramus  profundus 

59  A.  cervicalis  superficialis 

60  A.  trans versa  scapulae 
61  Ranus  acromialis 

62  Truncus  costocervicalis 
63  A.  intercostalis  suprena 

64  Rami  dorsales 

65  Rami  spinales 

66  A.  cervicalis  profunda 

67  A.  transversa  colli 

68  Ramus  ascendens 

69  Ramus  descendens 

70  A.  AXILLARIS 
71  Rami  subscapulares 


AKGIOLOGY 


49. 


1  A.  thoracalis  supreca 

2  A.  thoracoacromialie 

3  Ramus  acromialis 

4  Rete  acromiale 

5  Ramus  dcltiodeus 

6  Rami  pectorales 

7  A .  thorsvcalis  lateralis 
8  Rami  Eanmar.ii  extern! 

9  A  •  subscapularis 
10  A.  thcracodorsalis 
11  A.  circumflexa  scapulae 

12  A.  circimflexa  humeri  anterior 
13  A.  circumflexa  hurneri  posterior 

14  BRACHIALIS 
15  A»  profunda  brachii 

16  Aa.  nutritiae  humeri 

17  R.  deltoideus 

18  A.  collateralis  media 

19  A.  collateralis  radialia 

20  A.  collateralis  ulnaris  superior 
21  A.  collateralis  ulnaris  inferior 

22  A.  RADIALIS 

23  A.  recurrens  radialit. 

24  Rami  muscularea 

25  Ramus  carpeus  volaris 

26  Ramus  volaris  superficialie 

27  Ramus  carpeus  dorsalis 

28  Rete  carpi  dorsale 

29  Aa.  metacarpeae  dor sales 

30  Aa.  digitales  dorsales 

31  A,  princeps  pollicis 

32  A.  volaris  indicis  radialis 

33  Arcus  volaris  profundus 

34  Aa.  metacarpeae  volares 

35  Rami  perforantes 


36     A.   ULNARIS 

37  Aa.  recurrentes  ulnares 

38  Rete  arfciculare  cubiti 

39  A.  intsrossea  communis 

40  A.  interossea  dorsalis 

41  A.  interossea  recurrens 

42  A.  ir.terosfciea  volaris 

43  A.  mediana 

44  Rami  musculares 

45  Ramus  carpeus  dorsalis 

46  Raraus  carpeus  volaris 

47  Ramus  volaris  profundus 

48  Arcus  volaris  superiicialis 

49  Aa.  digitales  volares  communes 

50  Aa.  digitales  volaree  propriae 

51     AORTA  THORACALIS 
52     Rani     viscerales 

53  Aa.  bronchiales 

54  Aa.  oegophageae 

55  Rami  pericaraiaci 

56  Rami  parietales 

57  Rami  inediastinalee 

58  Aa.  phrenicae  superiores 

59  Aa .  intercostales 
60  Rami  posteriores 

61  Ramus  spinalis 

62  Rard  musculares 

63  Ramus  cutaneus  medialis 

64  Ranus  cutaneus  lateralis 
65  Rami  anteriores 

66'  Rami  musculares 

67  Raini  cutanei  late  rales 

pectorales  et  abdominales 

68  Ramus  posterior 


AWGIOLOGY 


50. 


1  Ramue  anterior 

2  Kami  rramrnarii  laterales 

3     Kami  cutanei  anteriores fpecto- 

rales  et  abdominaletj 
4     Rami  mamarii  mediales 

5     AORTA  AHDOMINALIS 
6     Rami     parietales 

7  A.  phrenica  inferior 
8  Rami  suprarenaies  superiores 

9  Aa .  lumbales 
1U  Rasun  dor sal is 
11  Ramus  spinalis 

12  A .  sac ra  1  i s  __ me d  ia 
13  A.  lumbalis  iira 
14-.  Glomus  coccygeum 

15     Rami     viscerales 

16  _ A.   coeliaaa 

17  A.     gastrica     sinistra 

18  Rami  oeaophagei 

19  A,     hepatica 

20  A.  gastrica  dextra 

21  A.  hepatica  propria 

22  Ramus  dexter 

23  A.  cystica 

24  Ramus  sinister 
25     A.   gastroduodenalis 

26     A.  pancreaticoduoden.  superior 

27  Racii  pane  res  tic  i 

28  Rami  duodenales 

29     A.    gastroepiploica  dextra 
30     Rami  epiploici 

31  A.     lienalis 

32  Rami  pancreatici 

A,   gaslSrtoepiploica  sinistra 

34  «a.   gastricae  >reves . 

35  Rami  lianales 


36    A.  mesenterica  superior 
37     Aa.  intest males 

38  A.  pane rea tic oduodenalis 

inferior 

39  Aa.   jejunales 

40  Aa.  ileae 

41  A.  ileocolica 

42  A»  anpendicularis 

43  A.  colica  dextra 

44  A.  colica  media 

'  45  A.  mesenterica  inferior 

46  A.  colica  sinistra 

47  Aa.  sigmoideae 

48  A.  haemorrhoidalis  superior 

49  A.  spprarenalis  media 

50  A.  renal is 
51  A.  suprarenalis  inferior 

52  A ,  spernatica  interna 
53  A.  testicularis 

54  A.  ovarica 
55  A.  ILIACA  COMMUNIS 

56     A.  HYPOGASTRICA 
57     Rami     parietales 

58  A.  iliolumbalis 

59  Ran>us  lumbalis 
6C  Ramus  spinalis 
61  Ramus  iliacus 

62  A.  sacralis  lateralis 
63  Rami  spinales 

64  A.  obturator ia 

65  Ramus  pubicus 

66  Ramus  anterior 

67  Ramus  posterior 

68  A.  acetabuli 


. 


ANGIOLOGY 


51. 


I  A...  (tlutaea  superior 

2  Ramus  superior 

3  Ranus   inferior 

4     A .   Flutae-a  inferior 
5     A.  comitans  n.  ischiadici 

6     Rami     viscerales 

7  _  A .  umbilical ig_ 

8  Aa.  vesicales  superiores 

9  J^Li Amentum  uabilicale  laterals] 

10    A.  ve-sicalis  inferior 

II  A.  deferentialis 

12  _  A.  uterina 

13  A.  vaginalis 

14  Ranus  ovarii 

15  Ranus  tubarius 

16  A .  haenorrhoidalis  media 

17  A.  pudenda  interns. 

18  A.  haemorrhoidalis  inferior 

19  A.  perinei 

20  Aa.  scrotales  posteriores 

21  Aa.  lahiales  posteriores 

22  A.  penis 

23  A.  urethralis 

24  A.  bulbi  urethras 

25  A.  bulbi  vestibuli  jTvaginaej 

26  A.  profunda  penis 

27  A.  dorsalis  penis 

28  A.  clitoridis 

29  A.  profunda  clitoridis 

30  A.  dorsalis  clitoridis 

31  A.  ILIACA  EX1ERKA 

32  A.  epigastrica  inferior 
33  Ramus  pubic  us 

34  Ranus  obturatorius 


35  A.  epermatica  externa 

36  A.  lig  tsretis  uteri 

37  A.  circumflexa  ilium  profunda 

38  A.  FEMORALIS 

39  A.  epigastrica  superficialie 

40  A.  circumflexa  ilium  superficialis 

41  Aa.  pudendae  externae 

42  Aa.  scrotales  anteriores 

43  Aa.  labiales  anteriores 

44  Ranii  ing'jinales 

45  A.     profunda     femoris 

46  A.   circumflexa  femoris  sfcdialis 

47  Ramus  superficialis 

48  Ramus  profundus 

49  Ramus  acetabuli 

50    A.  circunflexa  femoris  lateralis 

51  Ramus  ascendens 

52  Ramue  descendens 

53  A.  perfcr&ns  prima 

54  A.  nutritia  feaoris  superior 

55  A.  perforans  secunda 

56  A.  perforans  tertia 

57  A.  nutritia  femoris  inferior 

58  Rami  musculares 

59  A.     genu     suprema 

60  Rami  musculares 

61  Ranus  saphenus 

62  Rami  articulares 

63  A.  POPLITEA 

64  A.  genu  superior  lateralis 

65  A.  genu  superior  medialis 

66  A.  genu  media 

67  Aa.  surales 

68  A.  genu  inferior  lateralis 

69  A.  genu  inferior  medialis 

70  Rete  articulare  genu 

71  Rete  patellae 


, 


ANGICLOEY 


52. 


2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 


17 


1  A.  tibialis  anterior 
.(A.  recurrens  tibialis  posterior) 
A.  recurrens  tibialis  anterior 
A.  malle  olaris  anterior  lateralis 
A.  iralleolaris  anterior  medialie 
Rete  nalleolare  mediale 
Rate  nalleolars  laterals 
A.  dorsalis  pedis 
A.  tarsea  laxeralis 
Aa  .  tarseae  mediales 
A.  arcuata 


Aa.  metatarseeie  dorsales 
Aa.  digi  tales  dorsales 
Ramus  plantar  is  prof  undue 

16  A.  tibialis  posterior 
Ramus  fibularis 


18  A.  peronaea 

19  A.  r.utrici.a  fibulae 

20  Ramus  perfcrans 

21  Ramus  coomvnicans 

22  A.  nalie olaris  posterior  lateralis 

23  Raini  calcanei  laterales 

24  A.  nufcritia  tibiae 

25  A.  calleolaris  posterior  medialie 

26  Rami  calcanei  raediales 

27  Rete  calcaneum 

28  A. 'plantaris  rcedialis 

29r   ??"  .  iKtpvcf  undue 

30     Ramu?  superf icialis 

31  A.  plantaris  lateraiis 

32  Arc us  plantaris 

33  Aa.  ir<rtatarseae  plantares 

34  Rami  perforantes 

35  Aa.  digixales  plantares 


36       VENAE 


37  VENAE  PULMONALES 

38  Vv.  pu3monales  dextrae 

39  Vv.  pulmonales  sinistrae 

40  W.  CORDIS 

41  Sinus  coronarius 

42  V.  cordis  nagna 

43  V.  posterior  ventriculi  sinistrt 

44  V.  obliqua  atrj.i  sinistri 


45  Lig.  v.  cavae  sinistrae 

46  V.  cordis  media 

47  V.  cordis  parva 

48  Vv.  cordis  anteriores 

49  Vv.  cordis  mininae 

50!  tVENA  CAVA  SUPERIOR 

51  VV.  ANONYMAE  DEXTRA  ET  SINISTRA 

52  Vv,  thyreoideae  inferiores 

53  V.  thyreoidea  ima 


54  Plexus  thyreoideus  impar 

55  V.  laryngea  inferior 

56  Vv.  thymicae 

57  Vv.  pericardiacae 

58  Vv.  phrenicae  superiores 

59  Vv.  mediaetinales  anteriores 

60  Vv.  bronchiales  anteriores 

61  Vv.  tracheales 
52  Vv.  oesophageae 

63  V.  vertebralis 

64  V.  cervicalis  profunda 

65  V.  nanacaria  interna 

66  Vv.  subcutaneae  abdominis 
6C  V.  epigastrica  superior 
68  V.  intercostalis  suprena 

69  V,  JUGULARIS  INTERNA 

70  Bulbus  venae  jugularis  superior 

71  V.  canaliculi  cobhleae 


.     *•;• 


• 


V  ••    •   •    ,- 


ANGIOLOGY 


53, 


1  Bulbus  v.    jugulafcis  inferior 

2  Plexus  pharyngeus 

3  Vv.  pharyngeae 

4  Vv.  meningeae          _    _ 

5  Vv.  cam),ia  pterygoidei  Ividiij 

6  V.  lingualis 

7  Vv.  dorsales  linguae 

8  V.  sublingualio 

9  V.  comitans  n.  hypoglossi 

10  (Vv.  thyrenjdoae  superiores} 

11  V.  sternoclsidoirastoidea 

12  V.  laryngea  superior 

13  Sirus  durae  matris 

14  Sinus  transversua 

15  Confluens  siriuum 

16  Vv.  auditivae  internae 

17  Sinus  occipitalis 

18  Plexus  basilaris 

19  Sinus  sagittalis  superior 

20  Sinus  sagittalis  inferior 

21  Sinus  rectus 

22  Sinus  petrosus  inferior 

23  Sinus  petrosus  superior 

24  Sinus  cavernosus 

25  Sinus  intercavernosus  anterior 

26  Sinus  intercavernosus  posterior 

27  Sihus  circularis 

28  Sinus  sphenopariet^lis 

29  Venae  diploicae 

30  V.  diploica  frontalis 

31  V.  diploica  temporalis  anterior 

32  V.  diploica  temporalis  .j-poeteior 

33  V.  diplooa-i  occipitalis 

34  Emissarium  parietale 

35  Emissarium  mastoideura 

36  Emissarium  condyloideum 

37  Emissarium  oocipitale 

38  Rete  canalis  hypoglossi 

39  Rete  forarainis  ovalis 

40  Plexus  venosus  caroticus  internus 


42  Vv 

43  V. 

44  Vv 

45  Vv 

46  Vv 

47  Vv 

48  V. 

49  V. 

50  V. 

51  V, 

52  V. 

53  V. 

54 

55  V. 

56  V. 

57  V. 

58  V. 

59  Vv 

60  Vv 

61  Vv 

62  Vv 

63  V. 

64  Vv 

65  Vv 

66  Vv 

67  Vv 

68  V. 


41  Venae  cerebri 

cerebri  superiores 
cerebri  media 

csrobri  inferiores 
.  cerebtlli  .superiwres 

cerebelJ-i  inferiores 

cerebri  internae 
cerebri  nagna 
eepti  pe.lluci.di 
termite  1'jj. 

basalis  jfhoBentbaliJ 
chorioi^e'a 
ophthalmomeningea 

y.  ophthajjpj.ca  superior 
n?.sci'rcnbalis 
e-thmoidal.is  anterior 
othmoidalis  posterior 
lacrio?.lis 


vorticoaae 
.  ciliares  posteriores 

ciliares  anteriores 
centralis  retinae 
episclerales 
palpebra3.es 

conjunctivales  anterioree 
co  njuncti  vales  posteriores 
oDhthalmica  inf  er^  ^  r 


69  V.  FACIALIS  COUMUNIS 

70  A.  facialis  anterior 

71  V.  angularis 

72  Vv.  frontalea 

73  V.  supraorbitalis 

74  Vv.  paHpebrales  superiores 

75  Vv.  nasales  externae 

76  Vv.  palpeorales  inferiores 

77  V.  labialis  superior 


54. 


1  V.  labialis  inferior 

2  Vv.  massetericae 

3  Vv.  parotideae  anteriores 

4  V.  palatina 

5  V.  submentalis 

6  V.  facialis  posterior 

7  Vv.  temporalsr  superficiales 

8  Vv.  auricularec  snteriores 
9-  Vv.  parotideae  posteriores 

10  Vv.  articular?s  rcandibulae 

11  Vv.  tymps.nicae 

12  V.  stylomastoidea 

13  V.  trahsversa  faciei 

14  V.  temporalis  media 

15  Plexus  pterygoideus 

16  Vv.  meningeae  mediae 

%L-7  Vv.  temporal es  profundae 
18  V.  thyreoidea  superior 

19  V.  JUGULA.RIS  EX1ERNA 

20  V.   occipitalis 

21  V.  auricularis  posterior 

22  V.   jugularis  anterior 

23  Arcus  venosus   juguli 

24  (V.  rr.ediana  colli) 

25  V.  transverse  scapulae 

26     V.  SUBC1AVIA 

27  V.  thoracoacromialis 

28  Vv.  transversae  colli 

29  V.  AXILLARIS 

30  V.  thoracalis  lateralis 

31  Vv.  costoaxillares 

22  Vv.  thoracoepigastricae 

33  Plexus  vencsus  mamillae 

34  Vv.  trachiales 

35  Vv.  radiales 

36  Vv.  ulnares 

37  V.  cephalica 

38  V.  cephalica  accessoria 


39  V.  basilica 

40  V.  rcediana  cubiti 

41  (Vc  scdiF.na  antibrachii) 

42  (V.  modiuna  basilica) 

43  (V,  mediana  cephalica) 

44  Rete  venosum  dorsale  manus 

45  Vv.  intsrcapitulares 

46  Arcus  volaris  venosus  superf icialis 

47  Arcus  volaris  venosus  prof undue 

48  Vv.  digitales  volares  communes 

49  Vv.  metacarpeae  dorsales 

50  Vv.  metacarpeae  volaree 

51  Vv.  digitales  volares  propriae 

52  Arcus  vonosi  digitales 

53  V,  A2YGOS 

54  V.  hernia zygos 

55  V.  hemiazygos  accessoria 

56  Vv.  intercostales 

57  Ranus  dorsalis 

58  Racus  spinalis 

59  Vv.  oesophageae 

60  Vv.  bronchiales  posteriores 

61  V.  lumbalis  ascendens 

62  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales  extern! 

64  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales 

arvteriores 

65  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales 

posteriores 

66  Plexus  venosi  vertebrales  intern! 
67  Retia  venosa  vertebrarum 

68  Sinus  vertebrales  longitudinalee 

69  Vv.  intervertebralee 

70  Vv.  spinales  externae  anteriores 


ANGIOLOGY 


55. 


1  Vv.  spinales  externae  posteriores 

2  Vv.  spinales  internae 


3     V.   CAVA  INFERIOR 
4     Radices     pari 

5  V.  phrenica  inferior 

6  Vv.  lumbales 


etales 


7     Radices     visceral  es 

8  Vv.  hepaticae 

9  Vv.  renales 

10  Vv.  suprarenales 

11  V.  spermatica 

12  V.  testicularis 

13  V.  ovarica 

14  Plexus  pampiniforaiis 

15  VENA  PORTAE 

16  V.  coronaria  ventriculi 

17  V,  meeenterica  superior 

18  18  Vv.  intestinales 

19  V.  gastroepiploica  dextra 

20  Vv.  pancreaticae 

21  V.  ileocolica 

22  Vv.  colicae  dextrae 

23  V.  colica  media 

24  Vv.  pancreaticoduoderales 

25     Vv  .  duodenales 
26     V.  mesenterica  inferior 

27  V.  colica  einistra 

28  Vv.   sigraoideae 

29  V.  haemorrhoidalis 

superior 
30     V.  lienalis 

•31     Vv.   gastricae  breves 

32  V.   gastroepiploica  sinistra 

33  V.  cystica 

34  Vena  umbilicaliex 

35  Ductus  venosus  £ArantiiJx 

36  Vv.  parumbilicales  fSappeyij 


37  VENA  ILIACA  COMMUNIS 

38  V.  sar.ralis  media 

39  V.  HYPOGASTRICA 

40  Vv.  glutaeae  superiores 

41  Vv.  glutaeae  inferiores 

42  Vv .  obturatoriae 

43  Vv.  sacrales  laterales 

44  V.  iliolumbalis 

45  Plexus  cji.crs.lif,  -interior 

46  Plexus  haemorrhoidalia 

47  Plexus  vesicalis 

48  Plexus  pudendalis 

49  V.  dorsalis  penis 

50  Vv,  profundae  penis 

51  V.  dorsalis  clitoridis 

52  Vv.  profundae  clitoridis 

53  Vv.  uterinae 

54  Plexus  uterovaginalis 

55  V.  haemorrboidalis  media 

56  Vv.  haemorrhoidales  inferiores 

57  Vv,  scrotales  posteriores 

58  V.  ILIACA  EXTERNA 

59  V.  epigastrica  inferior 

60  V.  circunfloxa  ilium  profunda 

61  V.  femoralis 

62  Vv.  dorsales  penis  subcutaneae 

63  Vv.  scrotales  anteriores 

64  Vv.  pudendae  externae 

65  V.  epigastcica  superficialis 

66  V.  saphena  nagna 

67  V.  eaphena  accessoria 

68  V.  circumflexa  ilium  superficialis 

69  Vv.  circumflexae  femoris  mediales 

70  Vv.  circumflexae  femoris  laterales 

71  Vv.  comitantes 

72  Vv.  profundae  femoris 

73  Vv.  perforantes 


ANG.TGLOGY 


56. 


1  V.   saphena  parva 

2     V.   femoropoplitea 

3  Vv.  peronaeae 

4  Vv.  popliteae 

5  Vv.  tibiales  posteriores 
5  Vv.  tibiales  antariores 

7  Rete  venosum  dorsale  pedis 

8  Arcus  venosus  dorsalis  pedis 


9  Vv.  digitales  communes  pedie 

10  Vv.  metatarseae  dorsales  pedis 

11  Vv.  intercapitulares 

12  Rete  venosum  plantare 

13  Arcus  venosus  plantaris 

14  Vv.  metatarseaa  plantares 

15  Vv.  digitalos  pedis  dorsales 

16  Vv.  digitales  plantares 


17   S  Y  S  T  E  M  A 

18  VASA  LYMPHATICA 

19  Vasa  lymphatica  superficialia 

20  Vasa  lymphatica  profunda 

21  Truncus  jugular is 

22  Truncus  subclavius 

23  Truncus  bronchomediastinalis  dexter 

24  Ductus  lymphatic us  dexter 

25  Ductus  thoracicus 

26  Trunci  lumbales 

27  Truncus  intestinalis 

28  Cisterna  chyli 

29     Lymphoglandulae 

30  Vasa  afferentia 

31  Vasa  efferentia 

32  Substantia  corticalis 

33  Substantia  medullaris 

34  Hilus 

35  Lymphoglandulae  occipi tales 

36  "  auriculares  posteriores 

37  "  auriculares  anteriores 

38  "  submaxillares 

39  "  faciales  profundae 

40  "  parotideae 

41  "  cervicales  superficialea 


L  Y  M  P 

H  A  T  I  C  U  M 

42 

Lynpho  gland  ulae  cervicales  profundae 

43 

•   44 

superiores 
"  '  cervicales  profundae  inf  eriores 

45 

"  axil!  a  re  s 

exter  46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 

11  eubscapulares 

*  Fec'*'ora^es 
*  epi  gastricae 
"  cubitales  superficiales 
'.*  cubitales  profundae 
n  tracheales 

52 

"  bbonchiales 

53 

?  intercostalee 

54 
55 

^  mediastinales  posteriores 
V  mediastinales  anteriores 

56 

"  eternales 

57 

fl  iliacae 

58 

11  lumbales 

59 

w  coeliacae 

60 
61 
62 
63 
64 

"  gastricae  superiores 
11  gastricae  inferiores 
*  hepaticae 
"  pancreaticolienales 
mesentericae 

65 

?  mesocolicae 

66 

*  hypogastricae 

ANGIOLOGY 


57. 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 


Lymphoglandulie  sacrales 
"  inguinales 

eubinguinales  superficiales 
subirguinales  profundae 
"  popliteae 
(Lymphoglandula  tibialis  anterior) 

7  PLEXUS  LYMPHATICI 
Plexus  jugularis 


9 

Plexus 

10 

Plexus 

11 

Plexus 

12 

Plexus 

13 

Plexus 

14 

Plexus 

15 

Plexus 

16 

Ploxue 

17 

Plexus 

axillaris 

rcamrcarius 
lumbalis 
aortic us 
sacralis  medius 
hypogastricus 
cooliacus 
iZiacus  externus 
inguinal is 


NEUROLOGY 


58 


1  NSUROLOGIA 


2  Nervus 

3  Ganglion 

4  Substantia  alba 

5  Substantia  gricea 

6  Substar.tia  golatinosa 

7  Taenia  telarura 

8  Spend yma  ventriculorum 

9  Sulcus  limitans  ventriculorum 
10  Nuclei  nervorum  cerebraliun 


13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 


IJ.     Nuclei  originis 
12     Nuclei  terminales 

Ranius   conmunicans 

Ranius  anastomotisus 

Ranius  muscular  a  e 

Narvus  cutaneus 

Nervuc  articularis 

Plexus  nervcrum  spinalium 


19     £  Y  S  T  E  M  'A       NERVORUM       CENTRALS 


20     MEDULLA  SPINALIS 

21  Pars  cervicalis 

22  Intumescentia  cervicLiis 

23  Pars  thoracalis 

24  Pars  lumbalis 

25  Intumescentia  lumbalis 

26  Conus  medullaris 

27  Filum  terninale 

28  Ventriculus  terminalis 

29  Fissura  mediana  anterior 

30  Sulcus  medianus  posterior 

31  Sulcus  latdralis  anterior 

32  Sulcus  lateralis  posterior 

33  Sulcus  intermedius  posterior 

34  (Sulcus  interaedius  anterior) 

35  Funiculi  medullae  spinalis 

36  Funiculus  anterior 

37  Funiculus  lateralis 

38  Funiculus  posterior 


39  Sectiones  medullae  spinalis 

40  Canalia  centralis 

41  Substantia  grisea  centralis 

42  CoramiGsura  anterior  alba 

43  Conmissura  anterior  grisea 

44  Commifsura  posterior 

45  Columnae  griseae 

46  Columna  anterior 

47  Colurana  lateralis 

48  Coluana  posterior 

49  Cervix  columnae  posterioris 

50  Apex  columnae  posterioris 

51  Subetantia  gelatinosa  [JRolandij 

52  Nucleus  dorsalis  |jStillingi, 

Clarkii] 

53  Fromatio  reticularis 

54  Funiculus  anterior 

55  Fasciculus  cerebrospinalis 

anterior  f pyramidalis  anteriorj 


' 


: 


• 

:  .     • 


- 


• 


NFJRCLOCY 


59 


1     Fasciculus  anterior  propriuc 

|Flechsigi) 
2     Funiculus   lateralis 

3     Fasciculus  cerebrospinalis 
lateralis  Tpyraraidalis 
lateralisj 
4     Fasciculus  cerebellospinalis 


;>         5     Fasciculus  anterqlateralis 
superficialis   [howersl] 

c         6     Fasjsiculus  lateralis  proprius 
{_F.lechpigiJ 

7     Funicutus  posterior 

8  Fasciculus  gracilis 

9  'Faccie'jjM"1  cunoatus 


10     ENCEPHALON 
-11     RH01TBENCEPHALOH 


14 
15 
16 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 

28 


30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 

39 


12  '  HYELENCEPHALON 

13  M  e  d  u  1  1  a 
oblongata 

Fissura  mediana  posterior 
Fissura  mediana  anterior 
Foramen  caecum 
Pyraniis     nedullae 

oblongatae 

Decussatio  pyraaidum 
S;ulcus  lateralis   anterior 
Sulcus  lateralis  posterior 
Oliva 

Corpus  restifonae 
Funiculus  lateralis 
Funiculus  cuneatus 
Tuberculura  ciRareum 
.Funiculus  grr.cJLlis 

27     Clava 
Fibrae  arcuatae  externae 

29     Sectiones  laedullae 
"oblongatr.e  " 


Raphe 

Stratum  nuclear e 
'  NuoleuSv.n.'  hypoglossi  59 

Nucleus  ambiguus  60 

Nucleus  alae  cinereae 

Tractus  solitarius 

Ruclens^tractus  solitarii          62 

Tractus  spinalis  n.  trigemini 

Nucleus  tractus  spinalis  n.  trigemini 

trigemini 

Nucleus  funiculi  gracilis  64 

65 


40  Nucleus  funiculi  cunes.ti 

41  Nuclei  la.terales 

42  Nucleus  olivaris  inferior 

43  'Hiluj'' nuclei  olivaris 

44  Nuc-lsus  olivaris  accessorius 

mGj'.s.lis 

45  Nucleus  olivaris  accessorius  dor- 

sal is 

46  Nuclei  arcuati 

47  Fibrae  arcuatae  internae 

48  Substantia  reticularis  grisea 

49  Substantia  reticularis  alba 

50  Fasciculus  longitudinal is 

medialis 

51  Stratum  interolivare  lemnisci 

53  Corpus  restiforae 

54  Fasciculi  corporis  restiformis 

55  Fibrae  cerebellooliv?.res 

56  Fasciculi  pyrrnidales 

57  Fibr?.e  arcuatae  externae 

58  Ventriculus 

q  u  a  r  t  u  s 
Fossa  rhomboidea 
Pc.rs  inferior  fossae  rhomboid* 
eae 

61  [calamus  scriptorius} 
Pars  intermedia  T  fossa  rhom- 
boideae) 
63  Recessus  lateralis  fossae 

rhomboideae 

Pars  superior  fo%sae  rhomboidea*  . 
Sulcus  limitans  I  fossae  rhoznboideapj 
66  Fovea  inferior 


-  • 


.  •     '  H 


. 


NECROLOGY 


60 


1  Fovea  superior 
Trigonum  n.  hypoglossi 

3  Striae  medullares 

4  Eminent  is.  medial  is 

5  Colliculus  facialis 

6  Ala  cinerea 

7  Area  acustica 

8  Locus  caeruleus 

9  Tegmen  ventrict'.li  quarti 

10  Velum  meduilare  posterius 

11  Taenia  ventriculi  quarti 

12  Obex 

13  Lamina  chorioidea  epithelialis 

14  (Apertura  taedialiB' 

ventriculi  quarti)  . 
15  I  Foramen  MagendiiJ  ) 

16  (Apertura  lateral is  ventriculi 

quarti) 

17  Fastigium 

18    METENCEPHALON  - 

19     Pons    |[v  a  r  o  1  i  ij 

20  Sulcus  basilaris 

21  Fasciculus  obliquus  Tpontisj 

22  (Fila  lateralia  pontis) 

23  Brachium  pontis 

24  Sectiones  pontis 

25  Pars   dorsalis 

pontis 

26  Raphe  . 

27  Nucleus  n.  abducentis 

28  Nuclei  motorii  n.  trigemini 

29  Radix  descendens  jjnesencephalicaj 

n.  trigemini 

30  Tractus  spinalis  n.  trigemini 

31  Nucleus  tractus  spinalis  n. 

trigemini 

32  Nucleus  n.  facialis 

33  Radix  n.  facialis 

34  Pars  prima 

35  Genu  internum 

36  Pars  secunda 
37  Nuclei  n.  acustici 

38  Nuclei  n.  cochlearis 


-\ 


39  Nuclei  n.  vestibularis 

40  Nucleus  olivaris  superior 

41  Nucleus  lemnisci  lateralis 

42  Fasciculus  longitudinal! s 

asdialis 

43  Format io  reticularis 

44  Corpus  trapezoideum 

45  Lemniscus 

46  46  Lemniscus  media lie 

jsensitivusj 

47  Lenniscus  lateralis 
£acusticusj| 

48  Pars    basilaris 

pontis 

49  Fibrae  pontis  profundae 

50  Fasciculi  loneitudinales 

fpyramidalesj 

51  Nuclei  pontis 

52  Fibrae  pontis  superficiales 

53  Cerebellum 

54  Gyri  cerebelli 

55  Sulci  cerebelli 

56  Vallecula  cerebelli 

57  Incisura  cerebelli  anterior 

58  Incisura  cerebelli  posterior 

59  Sulcus  horizontalis  cerebelli 

60  Fissura  transversa  cerebelli 

61  Vermis 

62  Lingula  cerebelli 

63  Vincula  lingulae  cerebelli 

64  Lobulus  centra lis 

65  Monticulus 

66  Culmen 

67  Dec  live 

68  Folium  vermis 

69  Tuber  verjzds 

70  Pyramis_  (jrermisj 

71  Uvula  jjermisj 

72  Nodulus 

73  Hemisphaerium 

cerebelli 

74  Facie s  superior 

75  Ala  lobuli  centralis 

76  Lobulus  quadrangular is 

77  Pars  anterior 

78  Pars  posterior 


•••• 


• 


I 

..  • 


.61 


1  Lobulus  semilunaris  superior 
Facies  inferior 

3  Lobulus  semilunaris  inferior 
Lobulus  graci'jic 
Lobulus  biventer 
Tonsilla  cerebelli 
Flocculus 

(Flocculi  secondarii) 
Pedunculus  flocculi 


cerebelli 


3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9  Nidus 

10  _  S  ectiones 

11  Corpus  meduYIare 

12  Laminae  medullares 

13  Arbor  vitae 

14  Subatantia  corticalis 

15  LLamina  basalisj    i 

16  ^Stratum  cinereumj  ^ 

17  fstratum  gangliosumj 

18  [Stratum  granulosumj 
19     Nucleus  dentatus 


20 
21 
22 
23 

24 
25 


27 


31 
32 


Hilus  nuclei  dentati 
Nucleus  fastigii 
Nucleus  globosus 
Nucleus  emboliformis 
C'jpsula  nuclei  dentati 
Isthmus  rhombencephali 
Brachiura  confunc  t  ivum 


i'V*  lateraliB 

29  Lemniscus  medialis 

30  Triftonum  lemnisci 
Velum  medullare  anterius 
Frenulura  veil  medullaris 

anterior  is 


33  Sect  iones  isthmi     ^ 
"Tvi33'"Fedunculus  cerebrij 

34  Ganglion  interpedunculare 

35  Nucleus  n.  trochlearis 


36     CEREBRUM 


$7  Facies  convexa  cerebti 

38  Facies  medialis  cerebri 

39  Basis  csrebri 

40     PffiSENCEPHALON 

41   f  E«4*c.,i  ®'B   :    \n- 

feriorj  - 

42     Fossa  interpeduncularis  {jTariniJ 


43  Recesbus  anterior 

44  Rocessus  posterior 
Substantia  perforata  posterior 

46  Pedunculus 
»  e  r  e  b  r  i 


45 


47  Aquaeductus  cerebri 

48  Sulcus  lateralis 

49  Sulcus  n.  oculomotorii 


51 
52 
53 
54 

55 
56 

57 
58 

60 


62 

63 
64 
65 


50   Sectiones  pedunduli 


Tegmentum 
Stratum  griseum  centra  le 
Formatio  reticularis 
Fasciculus  longitudinalis 

medialis 

Radix  descendens  n.  trigercini 
Nucleus  radicis  descendentis 

n.  trigemini 
Nucleus  n.  oculomotorii 
Nuclei  tcgrmenti 

59  Nucleus  ruber 
Decussationes  tegmentorum 

61  Decussatio  bvachii 

conjunctive 
Lemniscus   lateralis 
Lemniscus  medialis 
Substantia       nigra 
Basis1    peduncu 


li 


62 


Corpora 

quadrigemina 
£       Lanina  quadrigemina 
S..-     Colliculus   superior 

4  Colliculus   inferior 

5  Brachiun  quadrigeminum  superius 

6  Brachium  qvadrigeminum  infer  ius 

7  Sect  iones  corporum  quadr  igeminorum 
'  B        Stratun  z'olia  15 

9  Stratum  grfseum  colliculi  superior  is 

10  Nucleus  colliculi  inferioris 

11  Stratum  album  profundum 

12     PRCSENOWPHALON 


15  ' 


14  Ventriculus       tertius 

15  Aditus  ad  aquaeductum  cerebri 

16  Commissura  posterior    Pcerebri]       _ 

17  Foramen  interventriculare  fMonroij 

18  Sulcus  hypothalamicus   fMonroil 

19  Massa  intermedia 

20  Recessus  opticus 

21  Recessus  infundibuli 

22  Commissura  anterior   [cerebri] 
25  Recessus  triangularis 

24     Hypothalamus 

25  Pars     mamillaris 

hypothalami 

26  Corpus  manillare 

27  Pars       optica 

hypothalami 

28  Tuber  cinereum 

29  Infundibulum 
5O  Hypophysis 

31  LobuB  anterior 

32  Lobvie  posterior 
33  Tractus  opticus 

34  Radix  media  lis 

35  Radix  lateralis 

36  Chiasma  opticum 

37  Lamina  terminalis 


53     So ctiones  nypothalaroi 

39  Nucleus 

[  Corpi 

40  P?.rs  grit-ea  hj'pothalami  . 

41  Ccirra:.33ura  superior   OfeynertiJ 

42  Comiixs^ura  inferior  ^Guddenij 

43  Nuclei   corpcris  mamillaris 

44  Fasciculus  thalamcmaraillaris 

iVicq'   d'AzyriJ 

45  Fascicuii  pedunculomamillares 

46  Pars  tegmentalis 

47  Pars  barsilaris 
48     Ansa  peduncularis 

49  Ai:c9.  lenticularis 

50  Pedunculus  thalami   inferior 

51  Thalamencephalon 

52  Thalamus 

53  Pulvir.ar 

54  Tvbercu'ium  anterius  thalami 

55  Taenia  thalami 
55  Stria  inodullaris 

57  Lamira  chcrioidea  epithelialis 
58  Metathalamus 

59  Corpus  geniculatum  media le 

60  Corpus  geniculatum  laterale 

61  Epithalamus 

62  Corpus  pineale 

63  Receesus  p5.nealis 

64  Reoessus  suprapinealis 

65  Habonula 

66  Commissura  habenularum 

67  Trigonum  habenulae 

68  Sec-i,iones  thalamencephali 

69  Stratum"?,  ona  ie 

70  Nucleus  anterior  thalani 

71  Nucleus  medialis  thalami 

72  Nucleus  lateralis  thalami 

73  Laminae  medullares  thalami 


•     • 


NEUROLOGY 


63 


3 
4 


8 

9 

10 


13 

14 

15 

16 


20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 


30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 


Nucleus  corporis  geniculati 

medialis 
Nucljjus  corporis   geniculati 

lateralis 
Nucleus  habenulae 
Fasciculus  retroflexus 


6  _  Horii.cn  haerium 

7  Pal  ITu  m 

Fissura  longitudinalis  cerebri 
Fissura  transversa  cerebri 
Cyri  cerebri 

11  Cyri  profundi 

12  Gyri  transitivi 
Sulci  cerebri 
Impressio  petrosa 
Fossa  cerebri  lateralis 

(Sylvii) 

Fissura  cerebri  lateralis 
(Sylvii) 

17  Ramus  posterior 

18  Ramus  anterior  ascendens 

19  Rarnus  anterior  horizontalis 
Lobi     cerebri 

I   n  s  u  1  a 

Gyri  insulae 

Gyrus  longus  insulae 

Gyri  breves  insulae 

Sulcus  circularis  (Reili) 

Operculum 

27  Pars  frontalis 

28  Pare  parie  talis 

29  Pars  teraporalis 
Sulcus  centralis   (Rolandi) 
Gyrus  centralis  anterior 
Gyrus  centralis  posterior 
Lob  us  frontalis 
Polus   frontalis 

Sulcus  praecentralis 
Gyrus  frontalis  superior 
Sulcus   frontalis   superior 
Gyrus  frontalis   medius 
39     Pars   superior 


40     Pars   inferior 

41  SuJcus   frontalis  inferior 

42  <2yrus  frontalis  inferior 

43  Pars  opercularis 

44  Pare  triargularis 

45  Pars   orbitalis 

46  Gyrus  rectua 

47  Sulcus  olfactorius 

48  Gyri  orbitales 

49  Sulci  orbitales 

50  Lobustemporalis 

51  Polus  tenporalis 

52  Sulci  temporales  transversi 

53  Gyri  temporales  transversi 

54  Gyrus   teraporalis  superior 

55  Sulcus  tempo ralis  superior 

56  Gyrus  teraporalis  medius 

57  Sulcus  temporalis  medius 

58  Gyrus  tenporalis  inferior 

59  Lulous  temporalis  inferior 

60  Fissara  collateralis 
51  Gyrus   fusiformis 

62  Gyrus  lingualis 

63  I.  o  b  Q  a     occipitalis 

64  Polus  occipitalis 

65  Sulcus  occipitalis  transversus 

66  Gyri  occipitales   superiores 

67  Sulci  occipitales  superiores 

68  Gyri  occipitales  lateraleo 

69  Sulci  occipitales   laterales 

70  Lobusparietalis 

71  Lobulus  parietalis  superior 

72  Sulcus   interparietalis 

73  Lobulus  parietalis  inferior 

74  Gyrus  supramarginalis 

75  Hyrus  angularis 

76  Facies  medialis  heuds- 
phaerii 

77  Sulcus  corporis  callosi 

78  Sulcus  cinguli 

79  Pars  subfrontalis 


64 


5 
6 
7 
8 


1   Pars  marginalis 

2  Sulcus  subparietalis 

3  Fissura  hippocampi 

4  Gyrus  fornicatus 

Gyrus  cinguli 

Isthmus  gycJL  fornicati 

Gyrus  hippocampi 

Uncus  fgyri  hippocampij 

9     Suhjgtanti..^  reiicularis  alba 

{Arnolciij 

10.  Lobulus  paracentralis 

11  Praecuneu'? 

12  Fissura  parietooccipitalis 

13  Fissura  calcarina. 

14  Cuneus 

15  Corpus  callosum 

16  Splcnium  corpcris  callosi 

17  Truncus  corporis  callosi 

18  Genu  corpcris  callosi 

19  Rostrum  corporis  callosi 

20  Lamina  rostralis 

21  Striae  transversao 

22  Stria  longitudinnlis  medialis 

23  Stria  longitudinalis  lateralis 

24  Fasciola  cinerea 

25  F  o  r  n  i  x 

26  Crus  fornicis 

27  Corpus  fornicis 

28  Taenia  fornicis 

29  Columna  fornicis 

30  Pars  liber  a  columnae 

fornicis 

31  Pars  tecta  columnae 

fornicis 

32     Septum 

pellucidum 

33  Lamina  septi  pellucidi 

34  Cctvum  septi  pellucidi 

35  Ventriculus 
lateralis 

36  Pars  centralis 

37  Cornu  anterius 

38  Cornu  posterius 


39  Cornu  infer ius 

40  Corpus  striatum 

41  Nucleus  caudatus 

42  Caput  nuclei  caudati 
4.3  Cauda  nuclei  caudati 

44  Stria  termnalis 

45  Lamina  af'fira 

46  Taenxa  chorioidea 

47  Laniira  chorioidea  epithelialis 

48  Calcar  avis 

49  (Bulbus  cornu  posteriofcis 

50  Eminentia  collateralis 

51  Irigonum  collaterale 

52  Hippocampus 

53  Fimbria  hippocampi 

54  Taenia  fimbriae 

55  Digitationes  hippocampi 

56  Fascia  dentata  hippocampi 

57  Commissura  hippocampi 

" 

58  R- h-J.  n  e  n"-c  0>p-h.o.  I  o  n: 

59  Sulcus  rarolfactorius,  Anterior     -s 

Qrhinencephalil 

60  Pars     anterrot 

61  Lobus  olfactorius 

62  Bulbus  olfactorius 

63  Tractus  olfactorius 

64  Trigonum  olfactorium 

65  Stria  medialis 

66  Stria  intermedia   .. 

67  Area  parolfactoria  ^Brocae] 

68  Sulcus  parolf actor ius  posterior 

69  Parf  posterior 

fr  rrintnc  e  pha  1  ij 

70  Gyrus  suboallosus  "jlPedunculus 

corporis  callosij 
71  Substantia  perforate  anterior 

72  Stria  olfactoria  lateralis 

73  Limen  insulae 

74  Sectiones  telencephali 

75  Substantia  corticalis 

76  Centrum  semiovale 

77  Decursus  fibrarum  cerebraliun 


NEUROI  OOY 


65 


1   Fibrae  arcuatae  cercbri 

2  Cingulum 

3  Fasciculus  longitudinalis 

superior 

4  Fasciculus  longitudinalis 

inferior 

5  Fasciculus  uncinatus 

6  Radiatio  corporis  callosi 

7  Pars  frontalis 

8  Pars  parietalis 
.  9  Pars  temporalis 

10  Pars  occipitalis 

11  Tapetum 
12  Nucleus  lentifornis 

13  Putamen 

14  Globus  pallidus 

15  Claustrum 

16  Capsula  externa 

17  Capsula  interna 

18  Genu  capsulae  internae 

19  Pars  frontalis  capsulac 

internae 

20  Pars  occipitalis  capsulae 

internae 

21  Nucleus  amygdalae 

22  Corona  radiata 

23  Pars  frontalia 

24  Pars  parietalis 

25  Pars  temporalis 

26  Pars  occipitalis 
Radiatio  corporis  striati 
Radiatio  occipitothalamica 

[Gratioletrj 

29  Commissura  anterior  [cerebrij 

30  Pars  anterior 

31  Pars  posterior 

32  MEWINGES 


27 

28 


34  Falx  cerebri 

35  Tentorium  cercbelli 

36  Falx  cerebelli 

37  Diaphragm  sellae     _     _ 

38  Forwen  diaphragmatis  IsellaeJ 

39  Irclsui'a  tentorii 

40  Dura  mater  spinalis 

41  Filun  durae  matris  spinalis 

42  Cavura  epidurale 

43  Cavum  subduraie 

44  Arachnoidea  spinalis 

45  Arachnoidea  encephali 

46  Cavum  subarachnoideale 

47  Cisternae  subarachnoidales 

48  Cisterna  cerebellomedullaris 

49  Cisterna  fossae  lateralis 

cerebri  jQSylviij 

50  Cisterna  chiasmatis 

51  Cisterna  interpeduncularis 

52  Cisterna  venae  magnae 

cerobri 

53  Granulationes  arachnoideales 

^PacchioniT 

54  Pia  mater  spinalia 

55  Lig.  denticulatun 

56  Septum  cervicale  intermedium 

57  Pia  mater  encephali 

58  Tela  choriodea  ventriculi  quarti 

59  Plexus  chorioideus  ventriculi 

quarti 

60  Tela  chorioidea  ventriculi  tertii 

61  Plexus  chorioideus 

ventriculi  tertii 

62  Plexus  chorioideus  ventriculi 

lateralis 

63  Glonus  chorioideum 

64  Acervulus 


33  Dura  mater  encephali 


66 


1     SYSTEM  A     N  E  R  V  0  R  UM     P3RIPKERICUM 


2     NERVI     CEREBRALES          33 

3     NN.   OLFACTORII 
4     N.    OPTICUS 

5     N.    OCULOMOTORIUS 


6  Ramus   superior 

7  RamuR    inferior 

8  '  Radix  brevis  ganglii 
ciliaris 


9  N.  TROCHLEARIS 
10  Decussatio  nervorum  trochlearium 

11  N.  TRIGEMIKUS 

12  Portio  major  „ 

13  Ganglion  semilunare  [fiasseri  i 

14  Portio  minor 

15  N.  ophthalmicus 

16  N.  tentorii 

17  N.  lacrimalis 

18  Pjirius  anastomoticus  cum  n. 

zygomatico 

19  N.  frontalis 

20  N.  supraorbitalis 

21  Ramus  frontalis 

22  N.  supratrochlearis 
23  N.  nasociliaris 

24  Radix  longa  ganglii 

oiliaris 

25  Nn.  ciliares  long' 

26  N.  ethmoidalis  postf»€fe»r 

27  N.  ethmoidalia  anterior 

28  Rami  nasales  anteriores 

29  Rami  nasales 
intern! 

30  Rami  nasales 

laterales 

31  Rami  nasales 

mediales 

32  Ramus  nasalis  exter- 
nus 


N.  infratrcchlearis 

?>£  Ramus  palpebralis  superior 

inferior  •-•• 


r  e 


3R  Cr.  e  i 


37     Nn.   ciliares  breves 


38    •«•  maxillaris 


39 

40 


43 

44 


46 


57 
58 


61 

62 


N.  meninseus  jjnediusj 
N.  xygomaticus 

41  Ramus  zygomaticotemporalis 

42  Ramus  zygomaticofacialis 
Niv.  sphenopalatini 

Nn.  alveolares  superiorea 

45  Rami  alveolares  superiores 

posteriores          . 
N.  infrp.orbitalis 

47  R.  alveolaris  superior 

raauius 

48  Rami  alveolares  superiores 

anteriores 

49  Plexus  dentalis 

superior 

50  Rami  dentales  superiores 

51  Rami  gingivales  sup- 

eriores 

52  Rami  palpebrales  inferiores 

53  Rani  nasales  externi 

54  Rami  nasales  interni 

55  Rarai  labiales  superiores 

56  Ganglion  sphen- 

o  p  a  .1  a  t  i  n  u  m 
Rami  orbitales        .    .. 
N.  canalis  pterygoidei  [VidiiJ 

59  N«  petrosus  superf icialis 

major 

60  N.  petrosus  profundus 
Rami  nasales  posteriores 

superiores  laterales 
Rami  nasales  posteriores 
superiores  mediales 
63  N.  nasopalatinus  jscarpaej 


•  •  • 


•  •  i 


1 
• 


...   .. 


NLTOOLOttY 


67 


7 
8 


16  N 


23  N 


Rami  nasales  posteriores  inferiores 

flateralesl 
Nn.  palatini 

N.palatinus  anterior 

4  N.palatinus  medius 

5  N.palatinus  posterior 

6  N.  mandibularis 

"N*  epinorms 

N.  ...astic;rt,orius 

9  .'N.nassetericus 

10  Nn.  temporales  profundi 

11  N.  temporalis  profundus 

posterior 

12  N.  temporalis  profundus 

anterior 
buccinator  ius 
pterygoideus  externus 
pterygoideus  internus 
auriculotemporalis 
17     N.  me-vtus  auditorii  externi 
18     R.  menbranae  tympani 
Rrmi  po.rotidei 
Rami  rjiastomotici  cum  n. 

facial! 

Nn.  r.uriculr.res  anteriores 
Romi  temporales  superficir.les 
lingual  is 

24  Rami  isthmi  fcvucium 

25  Rami  anastomotici  cum  n« 

hypoglosso 
N.   sublingurxlis 
Rami  lingurxles 


13 


15 


19 
20 

21 

22 


26 
27 


N. 
N, 
N, 


28  ,N.  alveolaris  inferior 


29 


32 
33 


Plexus  dentnlis  inferior 

30  Rnmi  dentr.les  inferiores 

31  Rnmi  gingivales  infer- 

iores 

N.  mylohyoideus 
N.  mentcilis 

34 

35 


mentales 
Rnmi  labiales  infer- 


37 


iores 

36     Ganglion 
o  t  i  c  u  EI 

N,  potrosus  superficialis 
minor 


66 
67 
68 


38  N.  tensor  is  veli  palatini 

39  N.  tensoris  tympani 

40  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum  n. 

spinoso 

41  R.   anastomoticus  cum  n. 

aux-iculotenporali 

42  Ramus  ana.s'tcm.wfcicuB  cum 

chorda  tympani 

43  Ganglion 

submaxillar 

44  Rami  communicantes  cum  n. 

linguali 

45  Rami  submaxillc-.res 

46  N.   ABDUCENS 

47  N.   FACI.U.IS 

48  Geniculun  n.  facial  is 

49  Ganglion  geniculi 

50  N«  re^-apedins 

51  Ramu,ii  .c.:;aotoiaotictis  cum  plaxu 


52 
54 
56 

57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 


N.  auriculnris  posterior 

53  R~.mus  occipit?.lis 

Ramus  digastricus 

55  Rrjnus  stylohyoideus 

Remus  anastonoticus  cum  n« 

>•*  glossopharyngeo 

plexus  parotideus 

Rami  temporr.les 

Rami  zygom^tici 

Rrmi  bucoalcs 

Ramus  mnrginalis  mo-ndibulae 

Rnmus  colli 

N.i'.n  t.  o  r  n';e  d  i  u  s 


64     Chorda  tympani 

65     N.   ACUSTICUS 
Radix  vestibularis 
Radix  cochlearis 
Fila  r.n?.stomotica 
N.vestibuli 
70    -Osaxgilon  /oetibulare 


-     '  • 


NEUROL07I 


68 


1  N.  utricularis 

2  N.  ampullaris  superior 

-  3   N.  ampullaris  lateralis 

4   N. , anpullaris  inferior 
5   N.  cochleae 

6  Ganglion  spirale 

7  N.  saccularis 

8   N.  GLOSSOPHARYNGEUS 

9  Ganglion  superi;is 

10  Ganglion  petrooura 

11  N.  tympanicus 

12  Intunescentia  tympanica 

13  Plexus  tympanicus  QjacobsoniJ 

14  N.  ciroticotympanicus  superior 

15  N.  caroticotympanicus  inferior 

16  Ramus  tubae 

17  R.  anastomoticua  cum  ramo  auricular! 

n.  vagi 

18  Rami  pharyngei 

19  Ramus  stylopharyngeus 

20  Rami  tonsillares 

21  Rarai  lingua les 

22  N.  VAGUS 

23  Ganglion  jugulare 

24  Ganglion  nodosum 

25  Ramus  meningeus 

26  Ranus  auricularis 

27  R.  anastomoticus  cum  n.  glossopha- 

ryngeo 

28  Rami  pharyngei 

29  Plexus  pharynejeus 

30  N.  laryngeus  superior 

31  Ramus  externus 

32  Ramus  irrternus 

33  Ramus  anastomoticus  cum  n. 

larjmgeo  inferiore 

34  Rami  cardiac i  superiores 

35  (N.  depressor) 

36  N.  recurrens 


37  Rami  cardiac!  infer iores 

38  Rami  tracheales 

39  Rami  oesophagei 

40  N.  laryngeus  inferior 

41  Ramus  anterior 

42  Ramus  posterior 

43  Rami  bronchiales  anteriores 

44  Rami  bronchiales  posteriores 

45  Plexus  pulmonalis  anterior 

46  Plexus  pulmonalis  posterior 

47  Raiai  oesophagei 

48  Plexus  oesophageus  anterior 

49  Plexus  oesophageus  posterior 

50  Rami  gastrici 

51  plexus  gastricus  anterior 

52  Plexus  gastricus  posterior 

53  Rami  hepatic i 

54  Rami  coeiiaci 

55  Rami  lienales 

56  Rami  renales 

57  N.  ACCESSORIUS 

58  Ramus  internus 

59  Ramus  externus 

60  N.  HYPOGLOSSUS 

61  Ramus  descendcsns 

62  Ansa  hypoglossi 

63  Ranus  thyreohyoideus 

64  Rami  linguales 


65  N.  S  P 

66  Fila  radicularia 

67  Radix  anterior 

68  Radi*  posterior 

69  Ganglion  spinale 

70  Ramus  anterior 

71  Ramus  posterior 

72  Rumus  communicans 

73  Ramus  meningeus 

74  Cauda  equina 

75  Ansae 


I  N  A  L  E  S 


69 


5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 


1       Nn.   cervicalej! 
Rami   postfcri~ores~~ 

3  Ramus  medial is 

4  Ramus  5aceralis 


N.  suboccipitaiis 
N.  cccipitaiis  najor 

(N.  occipitalLs  tertius) 
Rarji.  antsrioies 

P.'l  -j»x  u  s   c  e  r  v  i  c  a  1  i  s 
N.  occipitalis  minor 
N.  auricularis  rnagnus 

12  Ramus  posterior 

13  Ramus  anterior 
14  N.  cutaneus  cclii 

15  Rami  superiores 

16  Rami  inferiores 
17  Nn.  supraclavicu lares 

18  Nn.  supraclaviculares  anter- 

iorce 

19  Nn.  supraolaviculares  inedii 

20  Nn.  supraclaviculares  posteriores 
21  N.  phrenicus 

22  Ramus  pericardiacus 

23  Rami  phrenicoabdominales 

2.4     PLEXUS  BRACHIALIS 

25  Pars,   supraclavicu  1- 

a  r  i  s 

26  Nn.  thoracales  posteriores 

27  N.  dorsalis  scapulae 

28  N.  thoracalis  longus 

29  Nn.  thoracalss  anteriores 

30  N.  subclavius 

31  N.  suprascapularis 

32  Nn.  subscapulares 

33  N.  thoracodorsalis 

34  N.  axillaris 

35  Rami  musculares 

36  N.  cutanaus  brachii  lateralis 
37     Pars     infraclavicu- 

1  a  r  i  s 

38  Fasciculus  lateralis 

39  Fasciculus  medialis 

40  Fasciculus  posterior 


41  N.  musculocutaneus 

42  Rami  cusculares   lateralis 

43  N.  cutaneus  antibrachii 

44  N-  cutaneu1?  brachii  medialis 

45  W.  cutaneus  antibrachii  medialis 

45  Ramus  volaris 
47  Ramus  ulnaris 

4.8  N.  medianus 
Rarai  mu<3liu".;.ar«s          ^ 
N.  intercsseus  (antibrachii] 

volaris 

Ramus  palmaris  n.  median! 
Racus  anastomoticus  cum  n.  ulnari 
Na.  digitales  volares  communes 
Nn.  digitales  volares  proprii 

55 N.  ulnaris 
Ramus  cutaneus"  palmaris 
Ramus  dorsalis  manus 

58  Nn.  digitales  dorsales 
Raaius  volaris  manus 

bO  Rarcus  superf icialis 

61  Nn.  digitales  volares 

communes 

62  Nn.  digitales  volares 

proprii 
Ramus  profundus 

64  Rami  musculares 

65  N.  radialis 
N.  cutaneus  brachii  posterior 
Rami  muscu lares 

N.  cutaneus  antibrachii  dorsalis 
Ramus  profundus 

70  N.  interosseus  antibfachii 

dorsalis 
Ramus  superf icialis 

Ramus  anastomoticus 

ulnaris 
Nn.  digitales  dorsai«s 

sin.  -tnorecaies 


49 
50 

51 

52 
53 

54 


56 
57 

59 


63 


66 
67 

68 
69 


71 


72 


73 


75 


Rami  posteriores 

76  Ramus  cutaneus  lateralis 
"77  Ramus  cutaneus  medialis 


' 


- 


70 


1       Rarai  anteriores  |_Nn.    intercostalesj  36     N.   cutaneus  femoris  lateralis 


2  Rami  musculares 

3  Ramus  cutaneus  lateralis 

fpectoralis  et  abdominalis"} 

4  Ramus  posterior 

5  Ramus  anterior 

6  Rami  maiamarii  lat- 

erales 

7  Nn.    intarcostobrachiales 

8  Ramus  cutaneus  anterior   I  pect- 

oral IE  et  nbdominalisf 
9     Rand  mamraarii  mediales 

10  Nn.   lurnbalesj    sacrales,   coccygeus 

11  Nn.    lumbales~~ 

12  Rami  posteriores 

13  Ramus  medialis 

14  Ramus  lateralis 

15  Nn.  clunium  superiores 

16  Rami  anteriores 

17  Nn.  sacrales  et  coccygeus: 

18  Rami  poeteriores 

19  R?mu£  medialis 

20  Ramus  lateralis 

21     Nn.  clunium  medii 

22     PLEXUS     L  U  M  B   0  S- 
A  C  R  A  L  I  S 

23     PLEXUS  LUMBALIS 
24     Rarai  musculares 

25     N.    iliohypogas- 
tricus 

26  Rami  musculares 

27  Ramus  cutaneus  lateralis 

28  Ramus  cutaneus  anterior 

29  N.  ilioinguinalis 

30  Rami  musculares 

31  Nn.  scrotales  anteriores 

32  Nn.  labiales  anteriores 

33  N.  genitofemoralis 

34  N.  lumboinguinalis"" 

35  N.  spermaticus  externus 


37  N.  obturator ius 

38  Raaius  aTnlerior" 

39  RamuG  cutaneus 

40  Raraus  posterior 

41  N.  femoral is 

42  Rami  cutanei  anteriores 

43  Rami  musculares 

44  N.  saphenus 

45  Ramus  infrapatellaris 

46  Rani  cutanei  cruris 

mediales 

47  PLEXUS  SACRALIS 

48  Truncus  lumbosacralis 

49  N.  glutaeus  superior 

50  N.  glutaeus  inferior 

51  N.  cutaneus  femoris  posterior 

52  Nn,  clunium  inferiores 

53  Rami  perineales 

54  N.  ischiadicus 

55  Rami  muscular e"s 

56  B,  peronaeus  communis 

57  Rami  musculares 

58  N.  cutaneus  surae  lateralis 

59  Ramus  anastomoticus  peron- 

aeus 
60  N.  peronaeus  superficialis 

61  Rami  musculares 

62  N.  cutaneus  dorsalis  med- 

ialis 

63  N.  cutaneus  dorsalis 

intermedius 

64  Nn.  digitales  dorsales 

pedis 
65  N.  peronaeus  profundus 

66  Rani  musculares 

67  Wn.  digitales  dorsales 

hallucis  lateralis  et 
digiti  secundi  medialis 
68  N.  tibialis 

69  Rami  musculares 


NEUOi  D^Y 


71 


1  N.  interosseus  cruris 

2  N.  cutaneus  surae  medialis 

3  N.  suralis 

4   Rami  calcanei  laterales 

5  N.  cutaneus  dorsalis 

laterales 

6  Rami  calcanei  mediales 
7   N.  ^lantaris  mec'ialis 

.8   Nn.  digitales  plantares 

c  or.riurie  3 
9   Nn-  digitales  plantares 

proprii 
10  N.  plantar  is  latorali.s 

11  P.amus  superficialis 

12  Nn.  digitales  plant- 
ares communes 


13  Nn.  digitales 
plantares 
proprii 

14  Rocus-profundus 

15  PLEXUS  PUDENDUS 

16  N.  haemorrhoidales  medii 

17  Nn.  vesicaXes  infer iores 

18  Nn.  vagxnalcs 

19  N.  pudenduG 

20  Nn.  haemorrhoidales 

inferiores 

21  N.  perinei 

22  Nn,  scrotales  posteriores 

23  Nn.  labiales  posteriores 

24  N.  dorsalis  penis 

25  N.  dorsalis  clitoridis 
26  N.  COCCYGEUS 

27  Plexus  coccygeus 

28  Nn.  anococcygei 


29     S'  Y  8  T.  E  M  A     NERVORUM     ?  Y  li  P  A  T  H   I  C  U  M 


30  Truncus  sympathiout) 

31  Ganglia  trunci  sympathici 

32  Plexus  sympathici 

33  Ganglia  plexuum  syiapathicorum 

34  PARS  CEPHALICA  ET  CERVICALIS  S. 

SYMPATHICI 

35  Ganglion  cervicale  superius 

36  N.  jugularis 

37  N.  caroticus  internus 

38  Plexus  caroticus  inbernus 

39  Plexus  cavernosus 

40  Plexus  arteriaa  cerebri  anterioris 

41  Plexus  arteriae  cerebri  mediae 

42  Plexus  arteriae  chorioideae 

43  Plexus  ophthalmicus 

44  Radices  sympathicae  ganglii  ciliaris 

45  Nn.  carotici  extern! 

46  Plexus  caroticus  externus 


47 
48 
49 
50 


Plexus  thyreoideus  superior 
Plexus  lingualis 
Plexus  maxillaris  externus 
Radix  sympathica  ganglii 

submay.illa.ris 
Plexus  occipitalis 
Plexus  aurioularis  posterior 
Plexus  temporalis  superficialis 
Plexus  rnaxillaris  internus 
Plexus  meningeus 
Plexus  caroticus  comraunis 
Rami  laryngopharyngei 
Plexus  pharyngeus  ascendens 
N.  carcUacus  superior 
Ganglion  cervicale  medium 
N.  cardiacus  medius 
Ganglion  cervicale  inferius 

63  Ansa  subclavia  £vieussenii7 

64  N.  cardiacus  inferior 

65  Plexus  subclavius 

66  Pl^cus  mammarius  interus 

67  Plexus  thyreoideus  inferior 

68  Plexus  vertebralis 


51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 


IJBUSOLOGY 


72 


1       PARS  THORACALIS  S. 
SYMPATHICI 

2  Ganglia  thoracalia 

3  N.  splanchnicus  major 

4  Ganglion  spl&.nchnicum 

5  N.  splanchnicus  minor 

6   Raraus  renalis 

7  (N.  splanchnicus  imus) 

8  Plexus  aorticus  thoracalis 

9  Plexus  eardiacus 

10  Plexus  coronarius  cordis  anterior 

11  Ganglion  cr.rdio.cua  -(.VTrisbergrQ 

12  Plexus  coronarius  posterior 

13  Rani  pulmonalos 

14  Plexus  pulraonalis 

15  PARS  ABDOJIIWALIS  ET  PELVINA  S. 

EYHPATHICI 

16  Ganglia  lunbalia 

17  Ganglia  sacrelia 

18  Floras  icrticus  abdoainalis 

19  Plexus  coeliacus 

20  Ganglia  coeliaca 

21  Ganglion  nesentericum  superius 

22  Ploxus  phrenicus 

23  Ganglia  phrenicr. 

24  Plexus  phrenicus 

25  Plexus  lienalis 

26  Plexus  gastricus  superior 


27  Plexus  gastricus  inferior 

28  Plexus  suprarenalis 

29  Plexus  renalis 

30  Plexus  spermaticus 

31  Plexue  arteriae  ovaricae 

32  Plexus  mesentericus  superior 

33  Plexus  myentericus 

34  Plexus  subrnucosus 

35  Plexus  nesentericus  inferior 

36  Nn.  haemorrhoidales  superiores 

37  Plexus  iliacus 

38  Plexus  iliacus 

39  Plexus  hypogastricus 

40  Plexus  haenorrhoidalis  medius 

41  Plexus  prostaticus 

42  Plexus  deferentialis 

43  Ploxus  uterovp.ginalis 

44  Plexus  vesicalis 

45  Nn.  vesioales  superiores 

46  Nn.  vesicales  inferiores 

47  Plexus  cavernosus  penis 

48  N.  cavernosus  penis  ma.jor 

49  Nn.  cavernosi  penis  minores 
50  Plexus  cavcrnosus  clitoridis 

51  N»  cavernosus  clitoridis 

major 

52  Nn.  cavernosi  clitoridis 

minores 

53  Plexus  femoralis 

54  Ploxus  popliteus 


Sense  Organs  ard  Common  Integument 


73. 


1     ORGANA  SENSUUH  ET  INTEGtFEFTUH  COMJiUNE 


2     ORGANON     V    I  S  U  S 

3  OCULDS 
4  OPTICUS 

5  Vaginae  n.  opt:'.ci 

6  Spatia  intervaglnr.lia 

7     BULBUS  OCULI 

8  Polus  anterior 

9  Polus^ posterior 

10  Aequator 

11  Lleridiani 

12  Axis  oculi  extern?. 

13  Axis  oculi  interna 

14  Axis  op  tic  a 

15  f Linea  visusj 

16  Hfesicula  ophthalraica* 

17  Caliculus  ophthalnicus* 

TUNICA  FIBROSA  OCULI 
19  Sclere. 

20  Sulcus  sclerr.e 

21  Rime,  cornerJis 

22  Sinus  venosus  sclerae  fbanalis 

Schlemni,   LaxithiT 

23  Lamina  fusca 

24  Lamina  cribrosa  sclerae 

25  (Raphe  sclerae) 

26  (Funiculus  sclerae 

27     Cornea . 

28  Annulus  conjuncTbiva'e 

29  Vertex  corneas 


30  Limbus  cornae 

31  Facies  anterior 

32  Facios  posterior 

33  Epithelium  corneac 

34  Lamina  el'as_tica  anterior 


35 
36 

37 


40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 


47 


50 


Sv.'bnto.n-i-ir.  propria 
Lanina  elastic?,  posterior 

{  Deno^rsi,  DescemetiJ 
Endothelium  camerae  anterioris 

38  TUNICA  VASCULOSA  OCULI 

39  Chorioidea 
Lamina  sup  r  ach!or  i  o  i  de  a 
Spatium  perichorioideale 
Lamina  vasoulosa 
Lamina  ciioriocapillaris 
Lamina  basalis 
(Raphe  chorioideae) 

46  Corpus  ciliare 
Corona  ciTiarTs"" 

48  Processus  ciliares 

49  Plicae  cilicres 
Orbiculus  ciliaris 

51  U.  ciliaris 

52  Fibrae  meridion«iles 

JjBrueckeiJ 

53  Fibrae  circulares 

jlluelleril 
54     Plexus  gangliosus  ciliaris 

55     Iris 

56  Mar  go  pupillaris 

57  Hargo  ciliaris 

58  Facies   anterior 


Systen-.ti-!  /.:ie.tomy 


74 


I  Facies  posterior 
Annulus  iridis  major 

3  Annulus  iridis  minor 

4  Plicae  iridis 

5  Pupilla 

6  "I.   sphincter  pupillr.e 
"7     ;  Stroma  iridis 

8  ?I.   dilatator  pupillae 

9  .  1  ig  .'  p  oct  ina^ca  '  i  r  i  di£ 

10  Spatia  anguli   Bridie  £Font~jnae]| 

II  Circulus   arteriocrus  major 

12  Circulus  rrteriorms  ninor 

13  Membrana  pupillariax 

14  STRATH}!  PIGHENTI 

15  Stratum  pigment!  retinae 

16  Stratum  pigtaenti  corporis  ciliaris 

17  Stratum  pigment!  iridis 

18     RETINA 

19     Pars  optica  retinae 
20     Ora  serrata 

21  Pars  ciliaris  retinae 

22  Papilla  n.   optici 

23  Ejccavatio  papillae  n.  optici 

24  ""acula  lute  a 

25  Fovea  centralis 

26  V  a  s  a  ~s  a  n  g  u  i  n  e  a 

retinae 

27  Circulus  vasculosus  n.  optici 


_ 

28  Arteriola  rYenulal  tem.poro.lis 

retinae  snparior 

29  Arteriolc.  ^enula^  taaporalis 

retinae  ^inferior 

30  Arteriola  jVenula^  nn.se.lis  ret- 

inae superior 

31  ..-rteriola  fremlst'l  nasalis  ret- 

inae inferior  * 

32  Arteriola  (VenulaJ  macularis  su- 

perior       , 

33  Arteriola  LVenul^.J  nacularis  in- 

ferior 

34  Arteriola  £venulaj    retinae  media- 

lis 


35     CJfflffiRA  OCDLI  .INTERIOR 
36     ./ingulus   iridis 

•    «» 

37     C/:iERA  OCULI  POSTERIOR 
38     CORPUS  VITHi'JUri 

39  A,   hyaloideax 

40  Cr.nalis  hyaloider. 

41  Fossr.  hyaloidea 

42  ilembrr.no.  hyaloidea 

43  Stroia?.  vitreuni 
44.  Hunor  vitreus-..- 

•1-5  LENS  CEYSTALLIMA 
46  Substantia  lentis 

47  Substantia  corticalis 

48  !!uclous  lentis 

49  Fibrae  lent  is 

50  Zpithelium  Isntis 

51  Cppsula  lentis 

52  Pclus  anterior  lentis 

53  Polus  posterior  lentis 

54  Facios  anterior  lentis 

55  Facies  posterior  lentis 

56  Axis  lentis 

57  Aequator  lentis 

58  Rr.dii  lentis 


59     ZOFULA  CILI/.SIS 

60  Fibrae  zonulares 

61  Spatia  zonulario. 

62     ORGAFA  OCULI  ACCSSSORI  '-. 

63  lIURCuli  oculi,  Fasciae  orbitr.les 

64  H.  o'rbT€?Dni~ 

65  H.   rectus  supfi"ior 

66  !I»  rectus  in—  »'Aor 

67  "1.  rectus  medi?lis 

68  11.  rectus  later  alis 

69  Lrcertus  musculi  recti  lateral  is 

70  Annulus  tendineus  communis 


71     :;.'  obliquus  superior 


Seree  Organs  and 
1  Trochlea 

2  M.  obliquus  inferior 

3  M.  levator  palpebrae  superioris 

4  Periobita 

5  Septum  orbitale 

6  Fasciae  musculares 

7  Fascia  bulbi   (Tenoni) 

8  Spatium  inte^fasciale   (Tenoni) 

9  Corpus  adipo&um  orbitae 


Sv--?  ere  ilium 


11 


12  Palpebra  superior 

13  Palpebra  superior 

14  Facies  anterior  palpebrarum 

15  Facies  posterior  palpebrarum 

16  Rima  palpebrerum 

17  Commie  sura  palpebrarum  lateralis 

18  Commissura  palpebrarum  medialis 

19  Angulus  ocu.li  lateralia 

20  Angulus  oculi  medialis 

21  Limbi  palpebrales  anteriores 

22  Limbi  palpebrales  posteriores 

23  Tarsus  superior 

24  Tarsus  inferior 

25  Lig,  palpebrale  mediale 
Raphe  palpebralie  lateralie  «•  26 
27  Glandulae  tar  sales  Meibonii 

28  Sebum  palpebrale 

29  M.  tarsalis  superior 

30  M.  tarsalis  inferior 

31  CONJUNCTIVA 

32  Plica  semilunaris  conjunctivae 

33  Caruncula  lacrimalis 

34  Tunica  conjunctiva  bulbi 

35  .Tunica  conjunctiva  palpebrarum 

36  Fornix  conjuctivae  superior 

37  Fornix  conjuctivae  palpebrarum 

38  Gl.  mucosae  (Krausei) 

39  Moduli  lymphs  tici  conjunctivales 

40  (Pinguecula) 


Integument  75 

41     APPARATUS   LACRIkALIS 

42  Glandula  lacrimals  superior 

43  Glandula  lacriraalis   inferior 

44  (Gl,  lacrimales  accessoriae) 

45  Ductuli  excretorii  gl. 
lacrimalis 

46  Kivue  lacrimalis 

47  Lacus  lacrimalis 

48  Puncta  lacrimalia 

49  DUctus  lacrinales 

50  Papillae  iacrimales 

51  Ampulla  ductus  lacrimalis 

52  Saccus  lacrimalie 

53  Fornix  cacci  lacrimalis 

54  Ductus  nasolacrimalis 

55  Plica  2acrimalis  (Hasneri) 

56  Lacrimae 

57     ORGANQK     AUDITUS: 
58     Auris   interna 

59  LABURINTHUS  MEMBRANACEUS 

60  Luctus  endolymphaticus 

61  Saccus  endolymphaticus 

62  Ductus  utriculosaccularis 

63  Utriculus 

64  Ductus  semicirculares 

65  Ductus  eemicircularis 

superior 

66  Ductus  semicircularis 

la.teralis 
68  Ampullae  membranaceae 

69  Sulcus  ampullaris 

78  Crista  ampullaris  itr 

71  Ampulla  membranacea  super: 

72  Ampulla  membranacea  post- 

erior 

73  Ampulla  membranacea  later- 

alis 

74  Sacculus 

75  Ductus  reuniens  (Hanseni) 

76  Maculae  acustica  utriculi 
78  Macula  acustica  sacculi 


Sense  Organ"  '1Mc  Common  Integument 


76 


1  Otoconia 

2  Endolympha 

3  Perilympha' 

4  Spatium  perilyraphaticum         46 

5  Ductus  perilynphatici 

6  Ductus  cochlearis 

7  Caecum  cupulare 

8  Caecum  vestibulare  50 

9  Lamina  basilaris  51 

10  Membrana  vestibularis  52 

fjReissneri} 

11  Lig.    spirale  co';h3eae 

12  Pr eminent ia  spiral is 

13  Stria  vascular: s  54 

14  Sulcus  spiralis  55 

15  Labium  tympanicum  56 

16  Foramina  vvsrvosa         57 

17  Labium  vertibu?.are  58 

18  Ganglion  spirale _cochleae       59 

19  Organon  spirale  Iccrtiij        60 
20Vasaauris  61 

internae  62 

21  A.  auditiva  interna  63 

22  Rami  vestibulares        64 

23  Ramus  cochleae          65 

24  Glomeruii  arteriosi      66 

cochleae  67 

25  W.  audit ivae  internae 

26  V»  spiralis  mcdioli 
27  Vas  promi'nens 

28  Vv  vestibulare/s 

29  V.  aquaeductus  vestibuli 

30  V»  canaliculi  cochleae 

31  LABim.INTHUS  OSSEUS 
32  Vestibulum 

33  Recessus  sphaericus 

34  Recessus  ellipticus 
•35  Crista  vestibuli 

.,36  Pyramis  vestibuli 

37  Recessus  cochlearis 

38  Maculae  cribrosae 

39  Macula  cribrosa  sup- 

erior 

40  Macula  cribrosa  media 

41  Macula  cribrosa  inferior 
42  Canales  sernicirculares  ossei 


69 
70 


43  Canalis  semicircularis  superior 

44  Canalis  semicircuiaris  posterior 

45  Canalis  semicircularis  lateralis 
Ampullae  osseae 

47  Affl.pu'i]a  ossea  superior 

48  Ampulla  oss&a  posterior 

49  Ampulla  ossea  lateralis 
Crura  anpullaria 

Crus  comrrane 
Crus 


53  Cochlsa 

Cupula 

Basis  ccch'.<5«xe 

Canalis  spire  lis  cochleae 

Modiolus 

Basis  moclioXi 

Lamina  modioli 

Lamina  spiralis  ossea 

Hamulus  laminae  spiralis 

Scala  lve^ilju?-i 

Scala  tyn.j  ani 


Lamina  spiralis  secundapia 
Canalis  spiralis  modioli 
Canales  longitudinales  modioli 

68  Meatus  acusticus  internus 
Porus  acu  s  tTcus~£ut  e'rnuts~ 
Fundus  meatus  acustici  intern! 

71  Crista  transversa 

72  Area  n.  facial  is 

73  Area  cochleae 

74  Tractus  spiralis  foraminosus 

75  Area  vestibulari,*?  superior 

76  Area  vestibuiari^  inferior 

77  Foramen  •^"is 


79     Paries 


78     OAVUU  TYMPANI 
t  e  g  m  e>\n  tali 


Sense  Organs  ar.d  Common  Integument 


77 


i  c  a 


I  Recessus  epityrapanicus 

2  Pars  cupularis 
Paries     jugularis 

4     Pr eminent ia  styloidea 
Paries     labyrinth 

6  Fenestra  vestibuli 

7  Fossula  fenestrae  vestibuli 
Promontorium 

Sulcus  prcmontorii 
ID  Subiculum  promontorii 

II  Sinus  tympani. 

12  Fenestra  cochleae 

13  Fossula  fnnestrae  cochleae 

14  Crista  fenestrae  cochleae 

15  Processus  cochleariformis 
Paries     mastoidea 

17  Antrum  tympanicum 


8 
9 


16 


39 

-10 

41 

43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 


52 
53 
54 


18  Prominent ia  canal is  semicircular is  55 


Irxteralis 

19  Prcminentia  canalis  facialis 

20  Eminent ia  pyramidal is 

21  Fossa  incudis 

22  Sinus  posterior 

23  Apertura   tympanica   canaliculi 

chordae 

24  Cellulae  mastoideae 

25  Cellulae  tympanicae 

26  F  a  r  i  e  s     carotica 

27  P  a  r  i  e   s|m  embranacea 

28  Membrana  tympani 

29  Pars  fla^cTaeT" 

30  P  ars  tensa 

31  Limbus  membranae  tympani 

32  Plica  malleolaris  anterior 

33  Plica  malleolaris  posterior 

34  Prominentia  malleolaris 

35  Stria  malleolaris 

"••'  Umbo  nembranae  tympani 

vi   Stratum  cutaneum 

38  Annulus  fibrocartilagineus 


56 
57 
58 


60 


61 


62 


64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 

70 
71 


73 
74 


Stratum  radiatum 
Stratum  circulare 
Stratum  mucosum 

42     OSSICULA  AUDITUS 
Stapes 
Capitulum  stapedis 
Cr\*s  anterius 
Crus  posterius 
Basis  stapedis 
Incus 
Corpus  incudis 
Crus  longura 

51     P  rocessus  lenticu- 

laris 

Crus  breve 
Malleus 
HanubJ-ium  mallei 
Capitulum  Mallei 
Collum  mallei 
Processus  lateralis 
Processus  anterior 


59  Articul at iones  essiculorum 

"auditus 
Articulatio  incudomalleo- 

laris 
Articulatio  incu  dostaped- 

ia 

Syndesmosis  tympanostaped- 
ia 

63  Ligg.  ossiculorum 
auditus 


Lig. 
Lig. 


Lig.  mallei  anterius 
Lig.  mallei  superius 
mallei  laterale 
incudis  superius 
Lig.  incudis  posterius 
Membrana  obturatoria 

(stapedis) 
Lig.  annulare  baseos 

stapled  is 

Ai.  fixator  baseos  stap- 
edisj 
72  Kusculi  ossiculorum 

audTt'u  s 

M.  tensor  tympani 
H.  stapedius 


Sense  Organ f  ard  Common  Integument 


78 


1-   Tunica  mucosa  tympanica 

2  (Gl.  tympanicact 

3  Plica  malleolaris  posterior 

4  Plica  malleolaris  anterior 

5  Recessus  membranae  tympani  anterior 

6  Recessus  tympani  membranae  superior 

7  Recessus  membranae  tympani  posterior 

8  Plica  incudis 

9  Plica  stapedxs 

10  Membrana  tympani  secundaria 

11  TUBA  AUDITIVA  ^EDSTACHIl) 

12  Ostium  tympanicxim  tubae  auditivae 

13  Pars  ossea  tubao  auditivae 

14  Isthmus  tubae  auditivae 

15  Cellulae  pneumaticae  tubariae 
16  Pars  cartilaginae  tubae  auditivae 

17  Cartilage  tubae  auditivae 
18  Lamina  |_cartilaginisj 

medialis 
19  Lamina  £ca? tilaginisj  lateralis 

20  Lamin"  membranacea 

21  Tunic    oucosa 

22  Gl.  mucosae 

23  Noduli  lymphatici  tubarii 

24  Ostium  pharyngeum  tubae  auditivae 

25  MEATUS  ACUSTICUS  EXTERNUS 

26  Porus  acusticus  externus 

27  Incisura  tympanica  ^Rivir 

28  Meatus  acusticus  externus  cartilagi- 

neus 

29  Cartilage  meatus  acustici 

30  Incisurae  cartilaginis  meatus _ 

acustici  externi  £_Santoriad  J 

31  Lamina  tragi 


32     AURICULAE 
•J33  Lobulus  auriculae 

34  Cartilage  auriculae 

35  Helix 

36  CruK  hel:cis 

37  Spina  helicis 

38  Cauda  helicis 

39  Anthelix          /—       -> 

40  Fossa  triangularis  [auriculae! 

41  Crura  anthelicis 

42  Scapha 

43  Concha  auriculae 

44  Cymba  conchae 

45  Cavura  <*<^nchae 

46  Antj^Togus 

47  Tragus 

48  Incisura  anterior 

49  Incisura  intertragica 

50  (Tuberculum  auriculae 

51  (Apex  auriculae  Darwini  ) 

52  Sulsus  auriculae  posterior 

53  (Tubercu?i.ura  supratragicum) 

54  Isthaus  cartilaginis  auris 

55  Incisura  terminalis  auris 

56  Fissura  antitragohelicina 

57  Sulcus  anthelicis  transversus 

58  Sulcus  cruris  helicis 

59  Fossa  anthelicis 

60  Eminent ia  conchae 

61  Eminent ia  scaphae 

62  Eninentia  fossae  triangularis 

63  Ligg.  auricularia  £valsalvae~) 

64  Lig.  auriculare  anterius 

65  Lig.  auriculare  superius 

66  Lig.  auriculare  posterius 

67  H.  helicis  major 

68  M.  helicis  minor 

69  M.  tragicus 

70  (M.  pyranidalis  auriculae 

[jungi]) 

71  M.  antitragicus 

72  M.  transversus  auriculae 

73.    M.    obliquus  auriculae  „. 

74  (M.    incisurae  helicis  fsantorinij ) 


• 


SENSE  ORGANS  A'.ID 


INTEGUMENT 


79, 


1  ORGANON  OLFACTUS 

2  ORGANON  GUSTUS 
3     Calyculi  gustatorii 

4     Integumentum 
z   o  m  r.i  u  n  e 

5     CUTIS 

6  Sulci  cutis 

7  Cristae   cutis 

8  Retinacula  cutds 

9  Toruli  tactiles 

10  Foveola  coccygea 

11  Lig.  caudale 

12     Epidermiij 

13  Stratum  corneuc  ^  -i 

14  Stratum  germinativum  jjdalpighiij 


15 


16 
17 
18 


Tunica  propria 
Corpus  papillare 
Papillae 

19     Tela  Subcutanea 
20     Panfaiculus  adiposus 


21     Corpuscula  nervorurn  te.rir.inalia 
22     Corpuscula  bulboidea  FKrausiiJ 

24 

25  Corpuscula  nervorura  genitalia 

26  Corpuscula  nervorum  articularia 


Corpuscula  bulboidea  fKrausiiJ 
Corpuscula  lamellosa  (^Vateri,   Pacinil 
Corpuscula  tactus  uMeissneri/ 


28 
29 
30 
31 


27 

Lanugo 
Capilli 
Super cilia 
Cilia 


PILI 


32  Barba 

33  Tragi 

34  Vibris sae 

35  Hirci 

36  Pubes 

37  Folliculus  pili 

38  Fundus  folliculi  pili 

39  Ccllum  folliculi  pili 

40  Papilla  pili 

41  Scapus  pili 

42  Radix  pili 

43  Bulbus  pili 

44  Mm.  arrsctores  pilorum 

45  Flumina  pilorum 

46  Vortices  pilorum 

47  (Vortex  coccygeus) 

48  UNGUES 
49  Matri  unguis 

50  Cristae  matricis  unguis 

51  fulcus  natricis  unguis 

52  Vallura  unguis 

53  Corpus  unguis 

54  Radix  unguis 

55  Lunula 

56  Margo  occultus 

57  Margo  liber 

58  hoar  go  lateralis 

59  Stratum  corneun  unguis 

60  Stratum  germinativum  unguis 

61  GLANDULAE   CUTIS 

62  Gl..  glpmi formes 
63     Gl.  sudorif'erae 

64  Corpus  gl.  sudoriferae 

65  Ductus  sudoriferus 

66  Porus  sudoriferus 

67  Sudor 

68  Gl.  ciliares  fMollij 

69  Gl.  circumanales 


. 


SENSE  ORGAN  AIJD  COL.J^N  INTEGUMENT 


80. 


1  Gl .  ceruminosae 
2  Cerumen 

3  Glandulae  sebaceae 
4  Sebum  cutaneum 

5  Mangng_ 

6  Papilla  aamnae 

7  Corpus  raamraae 

8  Lobi  namrnae 

9     Lobuli  manacae 


10     Ductus  lactiferi 

11     Sinus  lactiferi 

12  Lac   femininum 

13  Colostrum 

14  Areola  raaiamae 

15  Gl.  sebaceae      . 

16  Gl.  areolares  ^Montgomeriijj 

17  Mamma     virilis 

18  (Mammae  accessoriae  {^uliebres  et 

virilesj ) 


REGIONS  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY  81 

1  _gEGIOHES  CORPORIS  HUMANI 
Auctoribus     MSrkel,     Rfcdingsr,     Tcldt. 

2  Linea  mediana  anterior  6  Linea  na.nillaris 

3  Linea  mediana  posterior  7  Linea  axillaris 

4  Linea  sternalis  8  Linea  scapularis 

5  Linea  parasterna3.i3 


REGION  OF  7h?  HU1A.N  BODY 


82, 


c  a  p  i  t  i 


1  Regiones 

2  Regie  frontalis 

3  Regio  supracrbitalis 

4  Regio  parietalis 

5  Regio  occipita?_is 

6  Regio  tempera] is 

7  Regio  auriculdi-ia 

8  Regio  mastoide?. 

9  Regiones     faciei 
10  Regio  nasal is 


31  Regio  parotideomasseterica 
22  Fossa  retromandibularis 

23  Regiones  colli 

24  Regio  co'Qi  anteriofi 

25  Regio  submentalis 

26  Regio  hyoidea 

27  Regio  aubhyoic'ea 

28  Regio  laryrigea 

29  Regio  thjrreoidea 

30  Regio  suprasternalis 


11  Regio  oralis 

12  Regio  labialis  superior 

13  Regio  labialis  inferior 

14  Regio  mentalis 

15  Regio  orbitalis 

16  Regio  palpebralie  superior 

17  Regio  palpebralie  inferior 

18  Regio  infraorbitalis 

19  Regio  buccalis 

20  Regio  zygomatica 


31  Fossa  jugularis 

32  Regio  submaxillaris 

33  Fossa  carotica 

34  Regio  sternocleidomastoidea 

35  Fossa  supraclavicularis  minor 
36  Regio  colli  lateralis 

37  Fossa  supraclavicularis  mjor 

38  Trigonum  omoclaviculare 
39  Regio  colli  posterior 

40  Regio  nuchae 


REGIONS  (F  T'E  HiFAN  BODY 


83. 


2 
3 


10 


1     Fovea  nuchae 
Regiones     pect 


o  r  i  a 


Regio  pectoris  anterior 

4  Regio  sternal is 

5  Regio  clavicular io 

6  Regio  iufraclavicularis 

7     Tr-L^om1!!!  deltoideopectorale 

8  Regio  maur.raiis 

9  Regio  ini'r. ^.mammal  is 
Regio  pectoris  lateralis 

11  Regio  axiliaris 

12  Fossa  axiliaris 


24  Regio  mediana  dorsi 

25  Regr.  o  interacapularis 

26  Regi  o  scapularis 

27  Ragio  auprascapularis 

28  Ragio  infrascapularis 

29  Regio  luabalis 

30  Regio  co;cs.e 

31  Regio  sacralis 

32  Regio  glutaea 

33  Regio  perinealis 

34  Regio  analis 

35  Regio  urogenitalis 


13     Regio  costalis  lateralis  36 

14  Regiones     abdominis  37 

15  Regio  epigastrica 

16  Regio  hypochondriaca  38 

17  Regio  mesogastrica  39 

18  Regio  umbilicalis  40 

19  Regio  abdominalis  lateralis  41 
20  Regio  hypogastrica  42 

21  Regio  publca  43 

22  Regio  inguinalis  44 
23     Regiones     dorsi 


Regio  pudendalis 
Regionee     e 
tatis     sup 
Regio  acromialis 
Regio  deltoidea 
Regio  brachii  lateralis 
Regio  brachii  medialis 
Regio  brachii  anterior 
Regio  brachii  posterior 
Regio  cubiti  anterior 
45     Fossa  cubitalis 


x  t  r  e  m  i- 
e  r  i  o  r  i  s 


1  a 


REGIONS  OF  THE  HUMAN  BODY 


84. 


1  Regio  bubiti  posterior 
2  Regio  olecrani 

3  Regio  cubiti  lateral is 

4  Regio  cubiti  nedj.alis 

5  Regio  antibrachii  volaris 

6  Regio  antibrachii  dcrsalis 

7  Regio  antibrachii  radialis 

8  Regio  antibrachii  ulnaris 

9  Regio  dorsalis  imnus 

10  Regio  volaris  nanus 

11  Regiones  digi tales  £manusj 

12  Regiones  dorsales  digitorum 

13  Regiones  unguicularee 

14  Regiones  volares  digitorum 

15  Regions  of  the  in- 

ferior extremity 

16  Regio  femoris  anterior 

17  Fossa  subinguinalis 
18  Regio  femoris  lateralis 

19  Regio  trochanterica 
20  Regio  femoris  posterior 


21  Regio  fernoris  medialis 

22  Regio  genu  anterior 

23  Regio  patellaris 
24  Regio  genu  posterior 
25  Fossa  poplitea 

26  Regio  cruris  anterior 

27  Regio  cruris  posterior 

28  Regio  suxalis 

29  Regio  cruris  lateralis 

30  Regio  cruris  medialis 

31  Regio  nalleolaris  lateralis 

32  Regio  nalleolaris  medialis 

33  Regio  retromalleolaris  lateralie 

34  Regio  retromalleolaris  medialis 

35  Regio  calcanea 

36  Regio  dorsalis  pedie 

37  Regio  plantaris  pedis 

38  Regiones  digitales  pedie 

39  Regionos  dorsales  digitorum  pedis 

40  Regionss  unguiculares 

41  Regiones  plantares  digitorum  pedis 


. 

• 


•.  :     . , 
,    -•    •'•  •• 

•  •    :  ••"•       •    - 


...      ;.. 

.      •  .   ..     .     .  .  ;  -  ' 


I 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 


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MAY  16  193c 


APR   1 
JUN     5  1936 

FEB  1 6  1940   . 
OCT  1 2  1940 

OCT     14   V'40 

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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


YF  01056 


